{"id":90050,"date":"2020-07-28T13:42:44","date_gmt":"2020-07-28T11:42:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn"},"modified":"2020-07-28T13:42:44","modified_gmt":"2020-07-28T11:42:44","slug":"google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/google-nachal-otkrytie-realizaczii-modeli-potokov-mn","title":{"rendered":"Google a \u00eenceput deschiderea implement\u0103rii modelului de fire M:N","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Compania Google a propus<\/a><\/noindex> pentru a include \u00een kernelul Linux primul set de patch-uri cu implementarea componentelor necesare pentru a permite func\u021bionarea modelului de fire M:N. Ini\u021biativa Google este legat\u0103 de deschiderea unui API dezvoltat \u00een spatele u\u0219ilor \u00eenchise SwitchTo<\/a><\/noindex> pentru kernelul Linux, care asigur\u0103 func\u021bionarea subsistemului de multiprocesare implementat \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, care folose\u0219te modelul de fire M:N. Subsistemul este utilizat de Google pentru a asigura func\u021bionarea serviciilor care necesit\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rzieri minime. Planificarea \u0219i gestionarea distribu\u021biei firelor se realizeaz\u0103 integral \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, ceea ce permite reducerea semnificativ\u0103 a num\u0103rului de opera\u021bii de comutare a contextului prin minimizarea apelurilor de sistem.<\/p>\n

Pentru a asigura func\u021bionarea subsistemului specificat la nivelul nucleului Linux, a fost implementat API-ul SwitchTo, care ofer\u0103 trei opera\u021bii de baz\u0103 \u2014 wait, resume \u0219i swap (comutare). Pentru a fi inclus \u00een nucleu, a fost propus codul unei noi opera\u021bii FUTEX_SWAP, complementar FUTEX_WAIT \u0219i FUTEX_WAKE<\/a><\/noindex>, \u0219i ofer\u0103 baza pentru crearea bibliotecilor multiprocesare \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului. FUTEX_SWAP poate fi, de asemenea, utilizat pentru a transmite mesaje \u00eentre sarcini, similar cu RPC. De exemplu, \u00een prezent, pentru a transmite un mesaj \u00eentre sarcini, este necesar s\u0103 se efectueze cel pu\u021bin patru apeluri FUTEX_WAIT \u0219i FUTEX_WAKE; utilizarea FUTEX_SWAP va permite o singur\u0103 opera\u021bie, care va fi efectuat\u0103 de 5-10 ori mai repede.<\/p>\n

\"Google<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent, \u00een practic\u0103, sunt utilizate \u00een principal modelele de fire 1:1 \u0219i N:1. Modelul 1:1 este utilizat \u00een NPTL<\/a><\/noindex> (fire POSIX) \u0219i LinuxThreads<\/a><\/noindex>, \u0219i implic\u0103 o asociere direct\u0103 a unui fir \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului cu un fir (unitate de planificare) la nivelul kernelului. Modelul N:1 este implementat \u00een GNU Pth<\/a><\/noindex>, mut\u00e2nd desf\u0103\u0219urarea firelor \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului \u0219i permi\u021b\u00e2nd N fire \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului s\u0103 fie legate de un singur fir \u00een kernel, f\u0103r\u0103 ca kernelul s\u0103 aib\u0103 informa\u021bii despre firele utilizatorului.<\/p>\n

Principalul dezavantaj al modelului 1:1 sunt costurile ridicate de comutare a contextului \u00eentre nucleu \u0219i spa\u021biul utilizatorului. Modelul N:1 rezolv\u0103 aceast\u0103 problem\u0103, dar creeaz\u0103 una nou\u0103 \u2014 deoarece un fir de execu\u021bie \u00een nucleu este o unitate indivizibil\u0103 de planificare a execu\u021biei, firele de utilizator legate de un singur fir \u00een nucleul sistemului de operare nu pot fi scalate pe nuclee CPU \u0219i sunt legate de un singur nucleu CPU.<\/p>\n

Modelul M:N este hibrid \u0219i elimin\u0103 toate dezavantajele men\u021bionate anterior prin asocierea N fluxuri din spa\u021biul utilizatorului cu M fluxuri din nucleul OS, ceea ce permite at\u00e2t reducerea costurilor de comutare a contextului, c\u00e2t \u0219i asigurarea scalabilit\u0103\u021bii pe nucleele CPU. Pre\u021bul acestei op\u021biuni este o complexitate mai mare \u00een implementarea planificatorului de fluxuri \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului \u0219i necesitatea unor mecanisme de sincronizare a ac\u021biunilor cu planificatorul nucleului.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 M:N. \u0418\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Google \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438 API SwitchTo \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 M:N. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 Google \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":90051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Google a \u00eenceput deschiderea implement\u0103rii modelului de fluxuri M:N | ProHoster","description":"Compania Google a propus pentru includerea \u00een nucleul Linux primul set de patch-uri 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