{"id":90395,"date":"2020-07-31T13:42:28","date_gmt":"2020-07-31T11:42:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/ibm-otkryl-tulkit-gomomorfnogo-shifrovaniya-dlya-linux"},"modified":"2020-07-31T13:42:28","modified_gmt":"2020-07-31T11:42:28","slug":"ibm-otkryl-tulkit-gomomorfnogo-shifrovaniya-dlya-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/ibm-otkryl-tulkit-gomomorfnogo-shifrovaniya-dlya-linux","title":{"rendered":"IBM a lansat un toolkit pentru criptarea omomorfic\u0103 pe Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Compania IBM a anun\u021bat<\/a><\/noindex> despre deschiderea codurilor surs\u0103 ale toolkit-ului FHE<\/a><\/noindex> (IBM Fully Homomorphic Encryption) cu implementarea sistemului cript\u0103rii complet goniomorfice<\/a><\/noindex> pentru procesarea datelor \u00een format criptat. FHE permite crearea de servicii pentru calcule confiden\u021biale, \u00een care datele sunt procesate criptate \u0219i nu apar \u00een form\u0103 deschis\u0103 \u00een niciuna dintre etape. Rezultatul este de asemenea generat criptat. Codul este scris \u00een C++ \u0219i se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex> sub licen\u021ba MIT. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 versiunea pentru Linux, sunt dezvoltate simultan toolkit-uri similare pentru macOS<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i iOS<\/a><\/noindex>, scrise \u00een Objective-C. \u00cen cur\u00e2nd se a\u0219teapt\u0103 publicarea unei variante pentru Android<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

FHE sus\u021bine complet<\/a><\/noindex> opera\u021bii omomorfice care permit efectuarea adun\u0103rii \u0219i \u00eenmul\u021birii datelor criptate (adic\u0103, se pot realiza orice calculuri arbitrare) \u0219i ob\u021binerea unui rezultat criptat care ar fi similar cu criptarea rezultatului adun\u0103rii sau \u00eenmul\u021birii datelor originale. Criptarea omomorfic\u0103 poate fi considerat\u0103 urm\u0103torul pas \u00een evolu\u021bia cript\u0103rii end-to-end \u2014 \u00een afar\u0103 de protec\u021bia transmiterii datelor, ofer\u0103 posibilitatea prelucr\u0103rii datelor f\u0103r\u0103 a le decripta. <\/p>\n

Din punct de vedere practic, cadrul ar putea fi util pentru organizarea unor calcule cloud confiden\u021biale, \u00een sistemele de vot electronic, \u00een protocoalele de rutare anonimizate, pentru procesarea criptat\u0103 a cererilor \u00een SGBD-uri, pentru antrenarea confiden\u021bial\u0103 a sistemelor de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103. Ca exemplu de aplicare a FHE se men\u021bioneaz\u0103 organizarea analizei informa\u021biilor despre pacien\u021bi \u00een institu\u021biile medicale \u00een companiile de asigurare f\u0103r\u0103 ca compania de asigurare s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 acces la informa\u021biile care ar putea identifica pacien\u021bii specifici. De asemenea, men\u021bionat<\/a><\/noindex> dezvoltarea sistemelor de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103 pentru identificarea opera\u021biunilor frauduloase cu cardurile de credit pe baza proces\u0103rii tranzac\u021biilor financiare anonimizate criptate.<\/p>\n

Toolkit-ul include o bibliotec\u0103 HElib<\/a><\/noindex> cu implementarea mai multor scheme de criptare goniomorf\u0103, un mediu integrat de dezvoltare (lucrul se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 prin browser) \u0219i un set de exemple. Pentru a simplifica desf\u0103\u0219urarea, au fost preg\u0103tite imagini docker gata de utilizare bazate pe CentOS, Fedora \u0219i Ubuntu. De asemenea, sunt disponibile instruc\u021biuni pentru construirea toolkit-ului din codurile surs\u0103 \u0219i instalarea pe sistemul local.<\/p>\n

Proiectul se dezvolt\u0103 din 2009, dar abia acum au fost ob\u021binute rezultate acceptabile \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te performan\u021ba, care permit utilizarea sa \u00een practic\u0103. Se observ\u0103 c\u0103 FHE face calculele omomorfe accesibile tuturor, iar cu ajutorul FHE programatorii obi\u0219nui\u021bi din corpora\u021bii vor putea realiza \u00eentr-un minut aceea\u0219i munc\u0103 care anterior necesita ore \u0219i zile cu implicarea exper\u021bilor cu studii postuniversitare.<\/p>\n


\n
\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Din alte lucr\u0103ri \u00een domeniul calculului confiden\u021bial, se poate men\u021biona publicarea proiectului<\/a><\/noindex> OpenDP<\/a><\/noindex> cu implementarea unor metode privatiz\u0103rii diferen\u021biale<\/a><\/noindex>, care permit desf\u0103\u0219urarea opera\u021biunilor statistice asupra unui set de date cu o precizie destul de ridicat\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a permite identificarea unor \u00eenregistr\u0103ri individuale din acesta. Proiectul este dezvoltat \u00een colaborare cu cercet\u0103tori de la Microsoft \u0219i Universitatea Harvard. Implementarea este scris\u0103 \u00een Rust \u0219i Python \u0219i este livrat<\/a><\/noindex> sub licen\u021ba MIT.<\/p>\n

Analiza utiliz\u00e2nd metodele de confiden\u021bialitate diferen\u021bial\u0103 ofer\u0103 organiza\u021biilor posibilitatea de a realiza selec\u021bii analitice din bazele de date statistice, f\u0103r\u0103 a permite extragerea parametrilor unor persoane specifice din informa\u021biile generale. De exemplu, pentru a identifica diferen\u021bele \u00een \u00eengrijirea pacien\u021bilor, cercet\u0103torilor le poate fi furnizat\u0103 informa\u021bia care permite compararea mediei timpului petrecut de pacien\u021bi \u00een spitale, dar p\u0103str\u00e2nd confiden\u021bialitatea pacien\u021bilor \u0219i \u00eempiedic\u00e2nd identificarea informa\u021biilor despre ace\u0219tia. <\/p>\n

Pentru protec\u021bia informa\u021biilor personale identificabile sau confiden\u021biale se aplic\u0103 dou\u0103 mecanisme: 1. Ad\u0103ugarea unui mic \u201ezgomot\u201d statistic la fiecare rezultat, care nu afecteaz\u0103 acurate\u021bea datelor extrase, dar mascheaz\u0103 contribu\u021bia elementelor individuale de date.
\n2. Utilizarea unui buget de confiden\u021bialitate, care limiteaz\u0103 volumul de date furnizate pentru fiecare cerere \u0219i \u00eempiedic\u0103 cereri suplimentare care ar putea \u00eenc\u0103lca confiden\u021bialitatea.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f IBM \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430 FHE (IBM Fully Homomorphic Encryption) \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435. FHE \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47IBM a deschis toolkit-ul de criptare omomorf\u0103 pentru Linux | ProHoster","description":"Compania IBM a anun\u021bat deschiderea codului surs\u0103 pentru 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