{"id":90611,"date":"2020-08-03T13:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T11:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-8"},"modified":"2020-08-03T13:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-08-03T11:42:18","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-8","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea nucleului Linux 5.8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dup\u0103 dou\u0103 luni de dezvoltare, Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2020\/8\/2\/293\">a prezentat<\/a><\/noindex> lansarea nucleului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernel.org\">Linux 5.8<\/a><\/noindex>. Dintre cele mai notabile schimb\u0103ri se num\u0103r\u0103: detectorul de st\u0103ri de competi\u021bie KCSAN, un mecanism universal de livrare a notific\u0103rilor \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, suport pentru echipamentele de criptare inline, mecanisme extinse de securitate pentru ARM64, suport pentru procesorul rus Baikal-T1, posibilitatea de a monta procfs \u00een mod separat, implementarea mecanismelor de securitate Shadow Call Stack \u0219i BTI pentru ARM64.<\/p>\n<p>Nucleul 5.8 a devenit cel mai mare \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te num\u0103rul de modific\u0103ri din toate versiunile de kernel de-a lungul existen\u021bei proiectului. Aceste modific\u0103ri nu sunt legate de un singur subsistem, ci acoper\u0103 diferite p\u0103r\u021bi ale nucleului \u0219i sunt \u00een mare parte asociate cu revizuiri \u0219i cur\u0103\u021b\u0103ri interne. Cele mai multe modific\u0103ri sunt observate \u00een drivere. \u00cen noua versiune au fost acceptate 17606 corec\u021bii de la 2081 de dezvoltatori, care au afectat aproximativ 20% din toate fi\u0219ierele din repository-ul cu codul kernel-ului. Dimensiunea patch-ului este de 65 MB (modific\u0103rile au afectat 16180 de fi\u0219iere, au fost ad\u0103ugate 1043240 de linii de cod \u0219i eliminate 489854 de linii). Spre compara\u021bie, \u00een ramura 5.7 au fost aduse 15033 corec\u021bii, iar dimensiunea patch-ului era de 39 MB. Aproape 37% din toate modific\u0103rile prezentate \u00een 5.8 sunt legate de driverele de dispozitive, aproximativ 16% din modific\u0103ri se refer\u0103 la actualizarea codului specific arhitecturilor hardware, 11% sunt legate de stiva de re\u021bea, 3% de sistemele de fi\u0219iere \u0219i 4% de subsistemele interne ale nucleului. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.8\">Principalele<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/822527\/\">nout\u0103\u021bi<\/a><\/noindex>:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizare \u0219i securitate<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost asigurat\u0103 blocarea \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii modulelor nucleului care au sec\u021biuni cu cod \u00een care sunt setate simultan bi\u021bii care permit execu\u021bia \u0219i scrierea. Modificarea a fost realizat\u0103 \u00een cadrul unui proiect mai amplu de eliminare a nucleului de utilizarea paginilor de memorie care permit simultan execu\u021bia \u0219i scrierea.\n<li class=\"l\"> A ap\u0103rut posibilitatea cre\u0103rii unor instan\u021be separate procfs, permi\u021b\u00e2nd utilizarea mai multor puncte de montare procfs, montate cu op\u021biuni diferite, dar reflect\u00e2nd un singur spa\u021biu al identificatorilor proceselor (pid namespace). Anterior, toate punctele de montare procfs oglindeau o singur\u0103 reprezentare intern\u0103 iar orice modificare a parametrilor de montare afecta toate celelalte puncte de montare asociate aceluia\u0219i spa\u021biu al identificatorilor proceselor. Dintre domeniile \u00een care poate fi solicitat\u0103 montarea cu op\u021biuni diferite, se remarc\u0103 implementarea izol\u0103rii u\u0219oare pentru sisteme \u00eencorporate, av\u00e2nd posibilitatea de a ascunde \u00een procfs anumite tipuri de procese \u0219i noduri informa\u021bionale.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru platforma ARM64 a fost implementat suportul pentru mecanismul<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/clang.llvm.org\/docs\/ShadowCallStack.html\">Shadow-Call Stack<\/a><\/noindex>, furnizat de compilatorul Clang pentru a proteja \u00eempotriva suprascrierii adresei de returnare din func\u021bie \u00een caz de overflow de buffer \u00een stiv\u0103. Esen\u021ba protec\u021biei const\u0103 \u00een salvarea adresei de returnare \u00eentr-o \u201estiv\u0103 umbrel\u0103\u201d separat\u0103 dup\u0103 ce controlul este transferat c\u0103tre func\u021bie \u0219i extragerea acestei adrese \u00eenainte de ie\u0219irea din func\u021bie.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru platforma ARM64 a fost ad\u0103ugat suportul pentru instruc\u021biuni <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.arm.com\/docs\/ddi0602\/f\/base-instructions-alphabetic-order\/bti-branch-target-identification\">ARMv8.5-BTI<\/a><\/noindex> (Branch Target Indicator) pentru protejarea execu\u021biei seturilor de instruc\u021biuni la care nu ar trebui s\u0103 se efectueze salturi \u00een timpul ramific\u0103rii. Blocarea salturilor c\u0103tre por\u021biuni ale codului arbitrare este implementat\u0103 pentru a contracara crearea gadgetelor \u00een exploiturile care utilizeaz\u0103 tehnici de programare orientate pe returnare (ROP - Return-Oriented Programming, atacatorul nu \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i introduc\u0103 codul \u00een memorie, ci opereaz\u0103 cu por\u021biuni deja existente de instruc\u021biuni ma\u0219in\u0103 care se finalizeaz\u0103 cu instruc\u021biunea de returnare a controlului, din care se construie\u0219te o succesiune de apeluri pentru a ob\u021bine func\u021bionalitatea dorit\u0103).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru hardware pentru criptarea inline a dispozitivelor bloc (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/block\/inline-encryption.html\">Inline Encryption<\/a><\/noindex>). Dispozitivele de criptare inline sunt de obicei integrate \u00een unitate, dar sunt logica plasate \u00eentre memoria sistemului \u0219i disc, realiz\u00e2nd criptarea \u0219i decriptarea transparent\u0103 a intr\u0103rilor\/i\u0219terilor pe baza cheilor \u0219i algoritmilor de criptare specifica\u021bi de nucleu.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat parametrul de linie de comand\u0103 al nucleului \u201einitrdmem\u201d, care permite specificarea adresei fizice a plas\u0103rii initrd \u00een memorie atunci c\u00e2nd imaginea de \u00eenc\u0103rcare ini\u021bial\u0103 este plasat\u0103 \u00een RAM.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost ad\u0103ugate noi capabilit\u0103\u021bi: CAP_PERFMON pentru accesarea subsystemului perf \u0219i monitorizarea performan\u021bei. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/a17b53c4a4b5\">CAP_BPF<\/a><\/noindex>, care permite realizarea unor opera\u021bii cu BPF (de exemplu, \u00eenc\u0103rcarea programelor BPF), care anterior necesitau drepturi CAP_SYS_ADMIN (acum competen\u021bele CAP_SYS_ADMIN sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00eentr-o combina\u021bie de CAP_BPF, CAP_PERFMON \u0219i CAP_NET_ADMIN).\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/5f1f79bbc9e2\">A fost ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> dispozitivul nou virtio-mem, care permite conectarea \u0219i deconectarea c\u0103lduroas\u0103 a memoriei la sistemele gazd\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat retragerea opera\u021biunilor de mapare \u00een \/dev\/mem, dac\u0103 driverul dispozitivului utilizeaz\u0103 zone de memorie suprapuse.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bii <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53126\">CROSSTalk\/SRBDS<\/a><\/noindex>, care permite recuperarea rezultatelor execu\u021biei unor instruc\u021biuni efectuate pe un alt nucleu CPU.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memorie \u0219i servicii de sistem<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen documentul care define\u0219te regulile de stil pentru cod, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53342\">acceptate<\/a><\/noindex> recomand\u0103ri pentru utilizarea terminologiei incluzive. Dezvoltatorii nu sunt \u00eencuraja\u021bi s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 expresiile 'master \/ slave' \u0219i 'blacklist \/ whitelist', precum \u0219i cuv\u00e2ntul 'slave' \u00een sine. Recomand\u0103rile se aplic\u0103 doar utiliz\u0103rilor noi ale acestor termeni. Referin\u021bele existente \u00een nucleu la cuvintele men\u021bionate vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne neschimbate. \u00cen noul cod, utilizarea termenilor marca\u021bi este permis\u0103, dac\u0103 este necesar\u0103 pentru men\u021binerea API-ului \u0219i ABI-ului furnizate utilizatorului, precum \u0219i \u00een actualizarea codului pentru suportul echipamentului existent sau protocolului, specifica\u021biile c\u0103ruia impun utilizarea unor termeni specifici.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost inclus unealta de depanare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/dev-tools\/kcsan.html\">KCSAN<\/a><\/noindex> (Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer), destinat\u0103 identific\u0103rii dinamice  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8\">st\u0103rilor de competi\u021bie<\/a><\/noindex> \u00eentre nucleu. Utilizarea KCSAN este suportat\u0103 la compilarea cu GCC \u0219i Clang \u0219i necesit\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea unor modific\u0103ri speciale \u00een timpul procesului de compilare pentru a urm\u0103ri accesul la memorie (sunt folosite puncte de oprire care se activeaz\u0103 la citirea sau modificarea memoriei). Principalul accent \u00een dezvoltarea KCSAN a fost prevenirea alarmelor false, scalabilitatea \u0219i u\u0219urin\u021ba de utilizare.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ad\u0103ugat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/watch_queue.html\">un mecanism universal<\/a><\/noindex> notific\u0103rilor de la nucleu c\u0103tre spa\u021biul utilizatorului. Mecanismul se bazeaz\u0103 pe driverul pipe standard \u0219i permite distribuirea eficient\u0103 a notific\u0103rilor de la nucleu pe canalele deschise \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului. Punctele de recep\u021bie a notific\u0103rilor sunt pipe-uri deschise \u00eentr-un mod special, permi\u021b\u00e2nd acumularea mesajelor primite de la nucleu \u00een buffer-ul circular. Citirea se realizeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul func\u021biei obi\u0219nuite read(). Proprietarul canalului determin\u0103 care dintre sursele din nucleu trebuie monitorizate \u0219i poate stabili un filtru pentru a ignora mesajele \u0219i evenimentele de un anumit tip. Printre evenimente sunt acceptate p\u00e2n\u0103 acum doar opera\u021biuni cu chei, cum ar fi ad\u0103ugarea\/\u0219tergerea cheilor \u0219i modificarea atributelor acestora. Evenimentele specificate sunt planificate pentru utilizare \u00een GNOME.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dezvoltarea func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii 'pidfd' a fost continuat\u0103, ajut\u00e2nd la gestionarea situa\u021biilor cu reutilizarea PID (pidfd este legat de un proces specific \u0219i nu se schimb\u0103, \u00een timp ce PID-ul poate fi asociat cu un alt proces dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea procesului curent asociat cu acel PID). \u00cen noua versiune s-a ad\u0103ugat suportul utiliz\u0103rii pidfd pentru ata\u0219area procesului la spa\u021bii de nume (este permis\u0103 specificarea pidfd \u00een timpul apelului de sistem setns). Utilizarea pidfd permite printr-un singur apel gestionarea ata\u0219\u0103rii procesului la mai multe tipuri de spa\u021bii de nume, reduc\u00e2nd semnificativ num\u0103rul apelurilor de sistem necesare \u0219i realiz\u00e2nd ata\u0219area \u00een mod atomic (dac\u0103 apare o eroare la ata\u0219area la unul dintre spa\u021biile de nume, celelalte nu vor fi ata\u0219ate).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat un nou apel de sistem faccessat2(), care se deosebe\u0219te de<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/faccessat.2.html\">faccessat()<\/a><\/noindex> printr-un argument suplimentar cu flaguri corespunz\u0103toare recomand\u0103rilor POSIX (anterior, aceste flaguri erau emulate \u00een biblioteca C, iar noul faccessat2 permite implementarea acestora \u00een nucleu).<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Cgroup <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/4b82ab4f2883\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> setarea memory.swap.high, care poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru a \u00eencetini sarcinile care ocup\u0103 prea mult spa\u021biu \u00een sec\u021biunea de swap.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen interfa\u021ba de intrare\/ie\u0219ire asincron\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50631#io_uring\">io_uring<\/a><\/noindex> a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suportul pentru apelul de sistem tee().\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat mecanismul \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/818714\/\">BPF iterator<\/a><\/noindex>, destinat pentru a extrage \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului con\u021binutul structurilor nucleului.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/97abb2b39682\">A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii unui buffer circular pentru schimbul de date \u00eentre programele BPF.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen mecanismul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/core-api\/padata.html\">padata<\/a><\/noindex>, destinat pentru organizarea execu\u021biei paralele a sarcinilor \u00een nucleu, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru sarcini multi-threading cu balansare de sarcin\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen mecanismul pstore, care permite p\u0103strarea informa\u021biilor de depanare privind cauza pr\u0103bu\u0219irii \u00een zona de memorie, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi pierdute \u00eentre re\u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103ri,  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/649304c936cd\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> backend pentru salvarea informa\u021biilor pe dispozitivele de stocare bloc.\n<li class=\"l\"> Din ramura nucleului PREEMPT_RT <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=91710728d172\">a fost transferat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> implementarea bloc\u0103rilor locale.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/2b43470add8c\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> un nou API pentru alocarea bufferelor (AF_XDP), destinat s\u0103 simplifice scrierea de drivere de re\u021bea cu suport XDP (eXpress Data Path).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru arhitectura RISC-V a fost implementat suport pentru depanarea componentelor nucleului prin KGDB.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00e2n\u0103 la versiunea 4.8, cerin\u021bele pentru versiunea GCC care poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru compilarea nucleului au fost crescute. \u00centr-una dintre versiunile urm\u0103toare se pl\u0103nuie\u0219te cre\u0219terea pragului la GCC 4.9.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Subsistemul de disc, I\/O \u0219i sistemele de fi\u0219iere<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Device Mapper <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=d3c7b35c20d6\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> a fost ad\u0103ugat un nou handler dm-ebs (emulate block size), care poate fi folosit pentru a emula o dimensiune mai mic\u0103 a blocului logic (de exemplu, pentru a emula sectoare de 512 octe\u021bi pe discuri cu dimensiunea sectorului de 4K).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen sistemul de fi\u0219iere F2FS a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru compresie utiliz\u00e2nd algoritmul LZO-RLE.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen dm-crypt <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=27f5411a718c431c20007e3a2fbba6589942d04f\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> suport pentru chei criptate.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Btrfs a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 gestionarea opera\u021biunilor de citire \u00een modul direct I\/O. La montare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a619b3c7abdd585cdd003effa1773e627aa8a44e\">accelerat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> verificarea subdirectoarelor \u0219i directorilor \u00eendep\u0103rta\u021bi, care nu mai au p\u0103rinte.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen CIFS a fost ad\u0103ugat parametrul 'nodelete', care permite verificarea standard a permisiunilor pe server, dar interzice clientului s\u0103 \u0219tearg\u0103 fi\u0219iere sau directoare.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Ext4 a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 gestionarea erorii <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/creat.2.html\">ENOSPC<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een utilizarea multithreading-ului. \u00cen xattr a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru spa\u021biul de nume gnu.*, utilizat \u00een GNU Hurd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru Ext4 \u0219i XFS a fost inclus suport pentru opera\u021biunile DAX (acces direct la FS f\u0103r\u0103 a utiliza cache-ul de pagini, f\u0103r\u0103 a aplica nivelul dispozitivelor de bloc) legat de fi\u0219iere \u0219i directoare individuale.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen apelul sistemic <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/statx.2.html\">statx()<\/a><\/noindex> a fost ad\u0103ugat un flag <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/83d9088659e8\">STATX_ATTR_DAX<\/a><\/noindex>, indic\u00e2nd care informa\u021bia este extras\u0103 folosind mecanismul DAX.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen EXFAT <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/476189c0ef3b658de3f6b89fd0fdeb6dc451b564\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> suport pentru verificarea zonei de boot.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen FAT <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/898310032b96c198014a8bbace0fd26259b2db77\">\u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> pre\u00eenc\u0103rcarea elementelor FS. Testarea unei unit\u0103\u021bi USB de 2TB lent\u0103 a ar\u0103tat o reducere a timpului de trecere a testului de la 383 la 51 sec.\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Subsystema de re\u021bea<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen codul de gestionare a func\u021bion\u0103rii podurilor de re\u021bea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/45c9cbec425c\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> suport pentru protocolul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Media_Redundancy_Protocol\">MRP<\/a><\/noindex> (Media Redundancy Protocol), care permite asigurarea redundan\u021bei, \u00eenchiz\u00e2nd mai multe comutatoare Ethernet.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen sistemul de gestionare a traficului (Tc) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/a51c328df310\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> a fost introdus\u0103 o nou\u0103 ac\u021biune 'gate', care ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a defini intervale temporale pentru procesarea \u0219i eliminarea anumitor pachete.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen kernel \u0219i utilitarul ethtool a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru func\u021biile de testare a cablului de re\u021bea conectat \u0219i autodiagnosticare a dispozitivelor de re\u021bea.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen stiva IPv6 a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru algoritmul MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) pentru rutarea pachetelor utiliz\u00e2nd comutarea multiprotocol pe etichete (pentru IPv4 MPLS a fost suportat \u0219i anterior).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru transmiterea pachetelor IKE (Internet Key Exchange) \u0219i IPSec peste TCP (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc8229\">RFC 8229<\/a><\/noindex>) pentru a evita eventualele bloc\u0103ri UDP.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=aa4d16e44f60\">A fost ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> dispozitiv de blocare a re\u021belei rnbd, care permite organizarea accesului de la distan\u021b\u0103 la un dispozitiv de blocare prin transport RDMA (InfiniBand, RoCE, iWARP) \u0219i protocolul RTRS.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen stiva TCP <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=ccd0628fca440268711560a1dbacc727b4f9e214\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> support pentru comprimarea intervalelor \u00een r\u0103spunsurile de recunoa\u0219tere selectiv\u0103 (selective acknowledgment, SACK).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru IPv6 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=d29245692a44d71d5e2e0770463184a693696232\">a fost implementat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> support TCP-LD (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc6069\">RFC 6069<\/a><\/noindex>, Disruptions Long Connectivity).\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Echipament<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen driverul DRM i915 pentru pl\u0103cile grafice Intel, suportul pentru cipurile Intel Tiger Lake (GEN12) este activat implicit, pentru care se adaug\u0103 \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=8ca6d0237d1696060cd4f5a3ee93ee001c1a9d5b\">a fost implementat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii sistemului SAGV (System Agent Geyserville) pentru ajustarea dinamic\u0103 a frecven\u021bei \u0219i tensiunii \u00een func\u021bie de cerin\u021bele de consum de energie sau performan\u021b\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen driverul amdgpu a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru formatul de pixel FP16 \u0219i implementat\u0103 posibilitatea de a lucra cu bufere criptate \u00een memoria video (TMZ, Trusted Memory Zone).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru senzorii de consum de energie ai procesoarelor AMD Zen \u0219i Zen2, precum \u0219i pentru senzorii de temperatur\u0103 AMD Ryzen 4000 Renoir. Pentru AMD Zen \u0219i Zen2 a fost asigurat suport pentru extragerea informa\u021biilor despre consumul de energie prin intermediul interfe\u021bei <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20200515215733.20647-1-eranian@google.com\/\">RAPL<\/a><\/noindex> (Running Average Power Limit).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen driverul Nouveau a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru formatul modificatorilor NVIDIA. Pentru gv100 a fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea de utilizare a modurilor de scanare interlaced. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 defini\u021bia vGPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen driverul MSM (Qualcomm) a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru GPU Adreno A405, A640 \u0219i A650.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=9e1ed9fb1eb0a4bc43a26365c592d3095286038b\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> framework intern pentru gestionarea resurselor DRM (Direct Rendering Manager).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru smartphone-urile Xiaomi Redmi Note 7 \u0219i Samsung Galaxy S2, precum \u0219i pentru laptopurile Elm\/Hana Chromebook.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost ad\u0103ugate drivere pentru panouri LCD: ASUS TM5P5 NT35596, Starry KR070PE2T, Leadtek LTK050H3146W, Visionox rm69299, Boe tv105wum-nw0.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru pl\u0103ci ARM \u0219i platforme Renesas 'RZ\/G1H', Realtek RTD1195, Realtek RTD1395\/RTD1619, Rockchips RK3326, AMLogic S905D, S905X3, S922XH, Olimex A20-OLinuXino-LIME-eMMC, Check Point L-50,<br \/>\n, Beacon i.MX8m-Mini, Qualcomm SDM660\/SDM630, Xnano X5 TV Box, Stinger96, Beaglebone-AI.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suportul pentru procesorul MIPS Loongson-2K (abreviat Loongson64). Suport pentru CPU Loongson 3 a fost ad\u0103ugat prin utilizarea hypervisor-ului KVM.\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53231\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n suport pentru procesorul rus Baikal-T1 \u0219i sistemul pe chip bazat pe acesta <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.baikalelectronics.com\/products\/168\/\">BE-T1000<\/a><\/noindex>. Procesorul Baikal-T1 con\u021bine dou\u0103 nuclee superscalare P5600 MIPS 32 r5, func\u021bion\u00e2nd la o frecven\u021b\u0103 de 1.2 GHz. Chipul dispune de cache L2 (1 MB), controler de memorie DDR3-1600 ECC, 1 port 10Gb Ethernet, 2 por\u021bi 1Gb Ethernet, controler PCIe Gen.3 x4, 2 por\u021bi SATA 3.0, USB 2.0, GPIO, UART, SPI, I2C. Procesorul ofer\u0103 suport hardware pentru virtualizare, instruc\u021biuni SIMD \u0219i un accelerator hardware integrat pentru opera\u021biuni criptografice, care suport\u0103 GOST 28147-89. Chipul a fost dezvoltat utiliz\u00e2nd un nucleu procesor MIPS32 P5600 Warrior licen\u021biat de Imagination Technologies. <\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen acela\u0219i timp, funda\u021bia latino-american\u0103 a software-ului liber <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">a formulat<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\no variant\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">kernel 5.8 complet liber<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linux-libre.fsfla.org\/pub\/linux-libre\/releases\/5.8-gnu\/\">Linux-libre 5.8-gnu<\/a><\/noindex>, cur\u0103\u021bat de elemente de firmware \u0219i drivere care con\u021bin componente sau por\u021biuni de cod nelibere, a c\u0103ror utilizare este restric\u021bionat\u0103 de produc\u0103tor. \u00cen noua lansare, \u00eenc\u0103rcarea blob-urilor \u00een driverele pentru Atom ISP Video, MediaTek 7663 USB\/7915 PCIe, Realtek 8723DE WiFi, Renesas PCI xHCI, HabanaLabs Gaudi, Enhanced Asynchronous Sample Rate Converter, Maxim Integrated MAX98390 Speaker Amplifier, Microsemi ZL38060 Connected Home Audio Processor \u0219i I2C EEPROM Slave a fost dezactivat\u0103. A fost actualizat codul pentru cur\u0103\u021barea blob-urilor \u00een drivere \u0219i subsistemele Adreno GPU, HabanaLabs Goya, touchscreen x86, vt6656 \u0219i btbcm.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=53479\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.8. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438 KCSAN, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f inline-\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f ARM64, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 Baikal-T1, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432 procfs, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f ARM64 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b Shadow Call Stack \u0438 BTI. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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