{"id":90629,"date":"2020-08-04T01:42:05","date_gmt":"2020-08-03T23:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sisadmin-vechnyj-portal-v-it-kareru"},"modified":"2020-08-04T01:42:05","modified_gmt":"2020-08-03T23:42:05","slug":"sisadmin-vechnyj-portal-v-it-kareru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sisadmin-vechnyj-portal-v-it-kareru","title":{"rendered":"Administrator de sistem: portalul etern \u00een cariera IT","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Administrator<\/i>
\nProfesia de administrator de sistem este adesea \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de o percep\u021bie stereotipic\u0103. Administratorul de sistem este un fel de specialist IT universal \u00een orice companie, care repar\u0103 computere, configureaz\u0103 internetul, se ocup\u0103 de echipamentele de birou, configureaz\u0103 programele etc. S-a ajuns p\u00e2n\u0103 acolo \u00eenc\u00e2t a ap\u0103rut Ziua Administratorului de Sistem - ultima vineri din luna iulie, adic\u0103 ast\u0103zi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t, s\u0103rb\u0103toarea de ast\u0103zi are o aniversare - prima Zi a Administratorului de Sistem a fost s\u0103rb\u0103torit\u0103 \u00een 2000 la Chicago de un \u00abspecialist IT universal\u00bb pe nume Ted Kekatos. A fost un picnic \u00een aer liber cu participarea angaja\u021bilor unei mici companii de software.<\/p>\n

\u00cen Rusia, s\u0103rb\u0103toarea a ajuns \u00een 2006, c\u00e2nd l\u00e2ng\u0103 Kaluga a avut loc o \u00eent\u00e2lnire na\u021bional\u0103 a administratorilor de sistem, la care s-a ad\u0103ugat ulterior un eveniment similar \u00een Novosibirsk.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Profesia tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u0219i se dezvolt\u0103, iar ast\u0103zi este un motiv excelent pentru a privi evolu\u021bia sa, starea actual\u0103 \u0219i perspectivele deschise de munc\u0103 ca administrator de sistem \u00een lumea \u201eIT-ului mare\u201d.\u00a0
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Administrator de sistem: ieri \u0219i ast\u0103zi<\/h2>\n

\nAst\u0103zi exist\u0103 multe variante ale con\u021binutului practic al muncii unui administrator de sistem.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00centr-o mic\u0103 companie de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 100 de angaja\u021bi, acelea\u0219i persoane pot \u00eendeplini func\u021bii de administrator de sistem, manager, acestea gestion\u00e2nd licen\u021bele software \u0219i fiind responsabile pentru \u00eentre\u021binerea echipamentelor de birou, configur\u00e2nd Wi-Fi-ul, r\u0103spunz\u00e2nd la solicit\u0103rile utilizatorilor, av\u00e2nd responsabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een servere<\/a>. Dac\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor \u00een companie exist\u0103 1C, atunci, desigur, aceast\u0103 persoan\u0103 va trebui s\u0103 se descurce \u0219i \u00een aceast\u0103 direc\u021bie. Asta este munca administratorului de sistem \u00een cadrul unei afaceri relativ mici.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te companiile mai mari \u2013 furnizorii de servicii, furnizorii de cloud, dezvoltatorii de software etc., aici, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, exist\u0103 scenarii mai complexe de evolu\u021bie a profesiei de administrator de sistem.\u00a0<\/p>\n

De exemplu, \u00een astfel de companii va exista cu siguran\u021b\u0103 o pozi\u021bie de administrator Unix dedicat, un administrator Windows, cu siguran\u021b\u0103 va exista un specialist \u00een securitate, precum \u0219i ingineri de re\u021bea. Cu siguran\u021b\u0103, to\u021bi au un \u0219ef de IT sau un manager IT care se ocup\u0103 de gestionarea infrastructurii \u0219i de proiectele IT din departament. \u00cen companiile mari, va fi nevoie de un director IT care s\u0103 aib\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u00een planificarea strategic\u0103, iar un MBA suplimentar la un background tehnic existent nu ar fi de prisos. Nu exist\u0103 o solu\u021bie perfect\u0103, totul depinde de companie.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Cei mai mul\u021bi dintre tinerii colegi care abia \u00ee\u0219i \u00eencep cariera de administrator de sistem \u00eencep cu primele dou\u0103 luni de suport tehnic \u2013 r\u0103spund la \u00eentreb\u0103rile utilizatorilor, dob\u00e2ndesc experien\u021b\u0103 \u0219i dezvolt\u0103 abilit\u0103\u021bi de gestionare a stresului. Ace\u0219tia sunt instrui\u021bi de administratori de sistem mai experimenta\u021bi, care le dezvolt\u0103 algoritmi de ac\u021biuni pentru scenarii comune de troubleshooting, configurare etc. Odat\u0103 cu timpul, persoana se instruie\u0219te treptat, iar dac\u0103 reu\u0219e\u0219te \u0219i \u00eei place, cre\u0219te treptat la nivelul urm\u0103tor.<\/p>\n

Aici trecem la \u00eentrebarea dac\u0103 putem considera administrarea sistemelor ca un portal c\u0103tre o carier\u0103 IT mai serioas\u0103 sau este un nivel \u00eenchis, unde po\u021bi evolua doar orizontal?\u00a0<\/p>\n

Cerul este limita<\/h2>\n

\n\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, subliniez c\u0103 pentru un administrator de sistem \u00een lumea modern\u0103, \u00een lumina tuturor direc\u021biilor cheie de dezvoltare IT, exist\u0103 o posibilitate fundamental\u0103 de a se dezvolta \u0219i de a cre\u0219te profesional \u00een orice direc\u021bie aleas\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n

La \u00eenceput e\u0219ti specialist \u00een departamentul de suport IT, apoi devii administrator de sistem, iar apoi vine alegerea specializ\u0103rii. Po\u021bi s\u0103 devii programator, administrator Unix, inginer de re\u021bea, precum \u0219i s\u0103 devii arhitect IT sistemic sau specialist \u00een securitate sau chiar manager de proiecte.<\/p>\n

Desigur, lucrurile nu sunt at\u00e2t de simple \u2013 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, trebuie s\u0103 acumulezi experien\u021b\u0103, s\u0103 sus\u021bii examene pentru diverse programe educa\u021bionale, s\u0103 ob\u021bii certific\u0103ri, s\u0103 demonstrezi \u00een mod regulat c\u0103 e\u0219ti capabil s\u0103 ob\u021bii rezultate \u0219i s\u0103 aplici cuno\u0219tin\u021bele \u0219i experien\u021ba dob\u00e2ndite, \u0219i s\u0103 te formezi \u00een mod constant. Dac\u0103 administratorul de sistem alege un drum de dezvoltare spre arhitect sistemic, atunci poate spera la un salariu nu mai mic dec\u00e2t cel al liderilor IT.\u00a0<\/p>\n

De altfel, un administrator de sistem poate face \u0219i tranzi\u021bia c\u0103tre managementul IT. Dac\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi place s\u0103 gestionezi, s\u0103 colaborezi \u0219i s\u0103 coordonezi, drumul t\u0103u este deschis \u00een domeniul managementului de proiecte.\u00a0<\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 op\u021biune este s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2i administrator de sistem la un nivel profesional foarte bun \u0219i s\u0103 te dezvol\u021bi \u00eentr-un domeniu de specialitate, cum ar fi \u00eentr-un furnizor de servicii cloud, concentr\u00e2ndu-te pe sarcini legate de infrastructura cloud \u0219i virtualizare.<\/p>\n

Din fericire pentru administratorii de sistem, ast\u0103zi nu exist\u0103 oportunitate care s\u0103 nu fie deschis\u0103 pentru colegii lor \u2013 fiecare \u00ee\u0219i alege singur unde s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 se dezvolte \u00een continuare.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Educa\u021bia este supraevaluat\u0103?<\/h2>\n

\nVe\u0219ti bune: se poate spune c\u0103 pragul de intrare \u00een IT prin pozi\u021bia de administrator de sistem nu necesit\u0103 o educa\u021bie special\u0103, de exemplu, \u00een matematic\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Printre cunoscu\u021bi, am \u00eent\u00e2lnit mul\u021bi umani\u0219ti care au reu\u0219it s\u0103-\u0219i construiasc\u0103 o carier\u0103 de succes, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu suport IT \u0219i continu\u00e2nd pe drumul descris. Administra\u021bia de sistem devine aici un excelent \"universitate IT\".\u00a0<\/p>\n

Desigur, o educa\u021bie tehnic\u0103 nu va fi de prisos \u0219i, dimpotriv\u0103, va fi foarte util\u0103, dar \u0219i \u00een acest caz va trebui s\u0103 urmezi cursuri legate de specialitate \u0219i s\u0103 aduni experien\u021b\u0103 pe cazuri reale.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cen general, dac\u0103 o persoan\u0103 dore\u0219te s\u0103 devin\u0103 administrator de sistem, ast\u0103zi aceasta nu este o profesie \u00eenchis\u0103, cum ar fi un pilot de v\u00e2n\u0103toare, de exemplu. Po\u021bi \u00eencepe s\u0103 te \u00eendrep\u021bi spre visul t\u0103u chiar de pe canapea, acas\u0103, prin studierea literaturii sau a cursurilor pe ecranul smartphone-ului. Foarte multe informa\u021bii pe orice direc\u021bie sunt disponibile sub form\u0103 de cursuri gratuite \u0219i pl\u0103tite \u0219i articole.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a te preg\u0103ti pentru primul t\u0103u job IT acas\u0103 \u0219i apoi s\u0103 te angajezi lini\u0219tit \u00een suport IT.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Desigur, cei care au studiat specialit\u0103\u021bi conexe \u00een universitate au un avantaj ini\u021bial, dar, pe de alt\u0103 parte, o persoan\u0103 cu o educa\u021bie bun\u0103 \u00een matematic\u0103 nu va planifica s\u0103 se ocupe de suport sau de administra\u021bie de sistem, ci mai degrab\u0103 va alege o alt\u0103 cale \u2013 de exemplu, Big Data. Asta reduce serios competi\u021bia la nivelul de \u00eenceput \u00een industrie.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Abilit\u0103\u021bi: top 5 \"abilit\u0103\u021bi\" de administrator de sistem - 2020<\/h2>\n

\nDesigur, un anumit set de abilit\u0103\u021bi pentru a lucra cu succes ca administrator de sistem \u00een condi\u021biile anului 2020 este totu\u0219i necesar. Iat\u0103-l.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, este dorin\u021ba de a lucra \u0219i de a cre\u0219te \u00een aceast\u0103 profesie, entuziasmul, productivitatea \u0219i disponibilitatea de a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba \u00een mod constant. Acesta este principalul lucru.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 o persoan\u0103 a auzit undeva c\u0103 sistemul administrator este cool, dar, dup\u0103 ce a \u00eencercat, a realizat c\u0103 nu \u00eei place profesia, atunci mai bine s\u0103 nu piard\u0103 timpul \u0219i s\u0103 schimbe specialitatea. Profesia necesit\u0103 o atitudine de \"seriozitate \u0219i angajament pe termen lung\". \u00cen IT, lucrurile se schimb\u0103 constant. Nu po\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi o dat\u0103 ceva \u0219i s\u0103 stai pe acele cuno\u0219tin\u021be timp de 10 ani f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 faci nimic, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi ceva nou. \"\u00cenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi, \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi \u0219i iar \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi.\" \/V.I. Lenin\/<\/p>\n

Al doilea aspect important al setului de competen\u021be este o memorie bun\u0103 \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bi analitice. Este necesar s\u0103 \u021bii minte constant o mul\u021bime de informa\u021bii, s\u0103 adaugi volume noi \u0219i domenii de cuno\u0219tin\u021be, s\u0103 po\u021bi s\u0103 le interpretezi creativ \u0219i s\u0103 le transformi \u00een ac\u021biuni profesionale utile. \u0218i s\u0103 \u0219tii s\u0103 extragi \u0219i s\u0103 aplici cuno\u0219tin\u021bele \u0219i experien\u021ba la momentul potrivit.<\/p>\n

A treia parte este un set minim de cuno\u0219tin\u021be profesionale. Pentru absolven\u021bii universit\u0103\u021bilor tehnice de profil, un nivel suficient ar fi: cuno\u0219tin\u021be de baz\u0103 despre baze de date, principiile func\u021bion\u0103rii sistemelor de operare (nu \u00een profunditate, nu la nivelul arhitectului), o idee despre cum interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 software-ul cu hardware-ul, \u00een\u021belegerea principiilor de func\u021bionare a re\u021belelor, precum \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103 \u00een programare, cuno\u0219tin\u021be fundamentale despre TCP\/IP, Unix, sisteme Windows. Dac\u0103 \u0219tii s\u0103 reinstalezi Windows \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi asamblezi computerul singur, atunci e\u0219ti aproape preg\u0103tit s\u0103 devii sistem administrator.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Una dintre caracteristicile vremurilor de ast\u0103zi este automatizarea, fiecare sistem administrator ajunge s\u0103 realizeze c\u0103 unele procese sunt mai simple s\u0103 fie scrise la nivel de scripturi, reduc\u00e2nd astfel munca manual\u0103 enervant\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Al patrulea punct - cunoa\u0219terea limbii engleze, acesta este un skill absolut obligatoriu. E mai bine s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi \u00eembog\u0103\u021be\u0219ti bagajul personal de cuno\u0219tin\u021be din surse originale, limba IT-ului de ast\u0103zi este engleza.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, al cincilea aspect al setului de competen\u021be al administratorului de sistem din 2020 este multifunc\u021bionalitatea. Acum totul este interconectat, de exemplu, Windows \u0219i Unix sunt de obicei amestecate \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 infrastructur\u0103 pentru diferite blocuri de sarcini.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Unix este folosit acum practic peste tot, at\u00e2t \u00een infrastructurile IT corporative, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een cloud-uri, pe Unix func\u021bioneaz\u0103 deja 1C \u0219i MS SQL, precum \u0219i cloud-uri server<\/a> Microsoft \u0219i Amazon cloud.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cen func\u021bie de specificul activit\u0103\u021bii dintr-o companie, un administrator de sistem poate fi necesar s\u0103 demonstreze abilit\u0103\u021bi de a \u00een\u021belege rapid cele mai nea\u0219teptate lucruri, s\u0103 integreze rapid un aplica\u021bie cloud gata existent\u0103 sau API-ul s\u0103u \u00een procesele companiei.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Pe scurt, trebuie s\u0103 corespund\u0103 stereotipului #tuestiITist \u0219i s\u0103 fie capabil s\u0103 lucreze pentru a ob\u021bine rezultate \u00een orice sarcin\u0103.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

DevOps este aproape invizibil<\/h2>\n

\nUnul dintre cele mai evidente scenarii \u0219i tendin\u021be de dezvoltare a carierei unui administrator de sistem ast\u0103zi este DevOps; cel pu\u021bin, acesta este stereotipul.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cen realitate, lucrurile nu sunt at\u00e2t de simple: un specialist DevOps \u00een IT-ul modern este mai mult un asistent pentru programatori, care \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te constant \u0219i \u00abrepar\u0103\u00bb infrastructura, \u00een\u021beleg\u00e2nd de ce codul a func\u021bionat cu o versiune a bibliotecii, dar nu \u0219i cu alta. DevOps automateaz\u0103, de asemenea, diferite algoritmi pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea \u0219i testarea produsului pe serverele sale sau pe cele cloud, ajut\u00e2nd la alegerea \u0219i configurarea arhitecturii componentelor IT. \u0218i, desigur, poate \u00abprograma\u00bb ceva \u0219i citi codul altora, dar aceasta nu este func\u021bia sa principal\u0103.<\/p>\n

DevOps este, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, un administrator de sistem pu\u021bin mai specializat. A\u0219a a fost numit, dar profesia \u0219i sarcinile de fapt nu s-au schimbat. Din nou, acum aceast\u0103 profesie este \u00een trend, dar cei care nu au reu\u0219it s\u0103 intre \u00een domeniu au \u0219ansa s\u0103 o fac\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103torii aproximativ 5 ani.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ast\u0103zi, tendin\u021ba ascendent\u0103 \u00een construirea unei cariere IT de la nivelul de administrator de sistem este robotic\u0103 \u0219i automatizare (RPA), inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103 \u0219i Big Data, DevOps, administrator cloud.<\/p>\n

Profesia de administrator de sistem se afl\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna la intersec\u021bia diferitelor domenii, fiind un fel de construct de competen\u021be \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bi pentru asamblare individual\u0103. Nu ar fi r\u0103u s\u0103 dob\u00e2nde\u0219ti abilit\u0103\u021bi de rezisten\u021b\u0103 la stres \u0219i cuno\u0219tin\u021be minime \u00een psihologie. Nu trebuie uitat c\u0103 lucrezi nu doar cu IT, ci \u0219i cu oameni, care pot fi foarte \u0219i foarte diferi\u021bi. De asemenea, va trebui nu o dat\u0103 s\u0103 explici de ce solu\u021bia ta IT este mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t altele \u0219i de ce merit\u0103 s\u0103 fie folosit\u0103 tocmai aceasta.<\/p>\n

Vreau s\u0103 adaug c\u0103 aceast\u0103 profesie va r\u0103m\u00e2ne cerut\u0103 pe termen nelimitat. Pentru c\u0103 toate promisiunile marii companii de IT care anun\u021b\u0103 lansarea de \u201eplatforme \u0219i sisteme complet autosuficiente, care nu se vor defecta, se vor auto\u00eentre\u021bine \u0219i repara\u201d, p\u00e2n\u0103 acum nu au fost confirmate de practic\u0103. Despre acest lucru vorbesc constant Oracle, Microsoft \u0219i alte mari companii. Dar nimic din toate acestea nu se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103, deoarece sistemele de informa\u021bie r\u0103m\u00e2n extrem de diverse \u0219i heterogene \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te platformele, limbajele, protocoalele etc. Niciun inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103 nu este capabil\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 s\u0103 configureze f\u0103r\u0103 erori func\u021bionarea fluid\u0103 a arhitecturilor IT complexe f\u0103r\u0103 interven\u021bia uman\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Iar aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 administratorii de sistem vor fi necesari \u00eenc\u0103 foarte mult timp \u0219i cu cerin\u021be foarte mari \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te profesionalismul lor.\u00a0<\/p>\n

IT-managerul companiei Linxdatacenter, Ilya Ilyichev<\/i>
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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