{"id":91542,"date":"2020-08-14T07:42:46","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T05:42:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vps-na-linux-s-graficheskim-interfejsom-zapuskaem-server-x2go-na-ubuntu-18-04"},"modified":"2020-08-14T07:42:46","modified_gmt":"2020-08-14T05:42:46","slug":"vps-na-linux-s-graficheskim-interfejsom-zapuskaem-server-x2go-na-ubuntu-18-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vps-na-linux-s-graficheskim-interfejsom-zapuskaem-server-x2go-na-ubuntu-18-04","title":{"rendered":"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/514894\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/b5385057359f5ad4f2b683b35f6370f3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nConfigurare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/510860\/\">VNC<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/512878\/\">RDP<\/a><\/noindex> pe serverul virtual l-am \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat deja, r\u0103m\u00e2ne s\u0103 studiem o alt\u0103 variant\u0103 de conectare la biroul de lucru virtual Linux. Func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile create de compania <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nomachine.com\/ru\">NoMachine<\/a><\/noindex> protocolului <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NX_NoMachine\">NX<\/a><\/noindex> sunt destul de interesante, de asemenea func\u021bioneaz\u0103 bine prin canale lente. Solu\u021biile de server oferite de companie sunt costisitoare (cele pentru clien\u021bi sunt gratuite), dar exist\u0103 \u0219i o implementare liber\u0103, despre care se va discuta \u00een acest articol \u2014 sistemul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.x2go.org\/doku.php\">X2Go<\/a><\/noindex>. Acesta s-a desprins din proiectul cu cod surs\u0103 deschis <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FreeNX\">FreeNX<\/a><\/noindex>, c\u00e2nd NoMachine a \u00eencetat s\u0103-l sus\u021bin\u0103 \u0219i l-a l\u0103sat s\u0103 se dezvolte independent.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Cuprins:<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#section1\">Instalarea mediului grafic<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#section2\">Localizarea serverului \u0219i instalarea software-ului<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#section3\">Instalarea serverului X2Go<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#section4\">Conectarea la birou<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#section5\">Rularea aplica\u021biei pe computerul de la distan\u021b\u0103<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#section6\">Avantajele X2Go<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"section1\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Instalarea mediului grafic<\/h2>\n<p>\nPentru biroul grafic virtual pe Linux nu sunt necesare ma\u0219ini puternice, cu excep\u021bia cazului \u00een care utilizatorul \u00eencepe s\u0103 ruleze aplica\u021bii. Pentru teste, vom folosi un mediu de mijloc cu Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS cu dou\u0103 nuclee de procesor, patru gigaocte\u021bi de memorie RAM \u0219i un hard disk (HDD) de dou\u0103zeci de gigaocte\u021bi. Pe RuVDS sunt deja disponibile imagini Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS, procesul de configurare pentru versiunea mai recent\u0103 va fi similar. Nu uita\u021bi s\u0103 folosi\u021bi codul promo\u021bional Habrahabr10 pentru a ob\u021bine o reducere de 10% la comand\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/b33f62a9e77c390ac94668f527e3addc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ca mediu de birou, lu\u0103m din nou XFCE datorit\u0103 cerin\u021belor relativ sc\u0103zute de resurse de calcul. De asemenea, nu exist\u0103 probleme cu rularea acestui DE prin acces de la distan\u021b\u0103 \u00een medii virtuale:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo apt-get install xfce4 xfce4-goodies xorg dbus-x11 x11-xserver-utils<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"section2\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Localizarea serverului \u0219i instalarea software-ului<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen etapa urm\u0103toare, este bine s\u0103 configur\u0103m localizarea \u0219i s\u0103 instal\u0103m un set minim de aplica\u021bii: browser, client de po\u0219t\u0103 \u0219i suit\u0103 de birou. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, vom instala traducerile pentru programele de sistem:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo apt-get install language-pack-ro<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nS\u0103 configur\u0103m localizarea:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo update-locale LANG=ro_RO.UTF-8<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAcela\u0219i efect poate fi ob\u021binut edit\u00e2nd manual fi\u0219ierul \/etc\/default\/locale.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru localizarea GNOME \u0219i KDE exist\u0103 pachete \u00een repository: language-pack-gnome-ro \u0219i language-pack-kde-ro \u2014 acestea vor fi necesare dac\u0103 ve\u021bi folosi programe din aceste medii de birou. \u00cen XFCE, traducerile se instaleaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu aplica\u021biile. Apoi, putem instala dic\u021bionare:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0444\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438\nsudo apt-get install hunspell hunspell-ru\n\n# \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0443\u0440\u0443\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f LibreOffice\nsudo apt-get install mythes-ru\n\n# \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 DICT\nsudo apt-get install mueller7-dict\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u00cen plus, instalarea traducerilor poate fi necesar\u0103 pentru unele aplica\u021bii:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\"># \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 Firefox\nsudo apt-get install firefox firefox-locale-ru\n\n# \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 Thunderbird\nsudo apt-get install thunderbird thunderbird-locale-ru\n\n# \u041e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 LibreOffice\nsudo apt-get install libreoffice libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru\n\n\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"section3\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Instalarea serverului X2Go<\/h2>\n<p>\nVersiunile stabile ale serverului \u0219i clientului X2Go pot fi instalate dintr-un depozit extern <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/launchpad.net\/~x2go\/+archive\/ubuntu\/stable\">PPA<\/a><\/noindex> (Personal Packages Archive) pe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/launchpad.net\/\">Launchpad<\/a><\/noindex> sau din depozitele standard ale versiunilor actuale de Ubuntu. Ne vom opri la a doua variant\u0103, deoarece versiunile software-ului din ambele surse sunt identice, dar dac\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie de pachete suplimentare, va trebui s\u0103 conecta\u021bi un depozit ter\u021b. Trebuie s\u0103 instal\u0103m dou\u0103 pachete:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo apt-get install x2goserver x2goserver-xsession<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDac\u0103 utiliza\u021bi mediu MATE sau LXDE, vor fi necesare pachete suplimentare (pentru XFCE acestea nu sunt necesare):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo apt-get install x2gomatebindings # dac\u0103 utiliza\u021bi MATE\/mbuntu\nsudo apt-get install x2golxdebindings # dac\u0103 utiliza\u021bi LXDE\/lubuntu\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nCirea\u0219a de pe tort: X2Go func\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin SSH \u0219i nu necesit\u0103 configura\u021bii suplimentare. Pe VPS, sshd trebuie s\u0103 fie activ \u0219i accesul la portul 22 trebui s\u0103 fie deschis \u00een regulile firewall-ului. Deoarece este vorba despre un server virtual, acest lucru este probabil deja configurat din fabric\u0103. Pe o ma\u0219in\u0103 fizic\u0103, deschiderea accesului la distan\u021b\u0103 prin SSH nu este complicat\u0103. R\u0103m\u00e2ne doar s\u0103 verific\u0103m starea serverului X2Go:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo systemctl status x2goserver<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/88d551be076d7345e7674a0d5b93f508.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDe asemenea, este recomandat s\u0103 crea\u021bi un utilizator neprivilegiat pentru a lucra cu mediu desktop:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo adduser desktopuser<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/dbc405f8c26507f0d4c84d9228c05d12.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nS\u0103 ad\u0103ug\u0103m utilizatorul \u00een grupul sudo, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 poat\u0103 rezolva sarcinile de administrare. Dac\u0103 nu este nevoie, acest pas poate fi s\u0103rit:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo gpasswd -a desktopuser sudo<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"section4\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Conectarea la birou<\/h2>\n<p>\nSoftware-ul client X2Go pentru Windows, Linux \u0219i OS X poate fi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.x2go.org\/doku.php\/doc:installation:x2goclient\">desc\u0103rcat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> pe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.x2go.org\/doku.php\">site<\/a><\/noindex> proiectului. Clientul pentru Android este \u00een dezvoltare, iar aplica\u021biile mobile gratuite de la NoMachine sunt incompatibile cu serverul X2Go. Dac\u0103 pe computerul local este instalat Ubuntu, este suficient s\u0103 ad\u0103uga\u021bi pachetul x2goclient: <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">sudo apt-get install x2goclient<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPentru diversitate vizual\u0103, de data aceasta vom alege clientul pentru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/code.x2go.org\/releases\/X2GoClient_latest_mswin32-setup.exe\">Windows<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/7bc453c18c8180efd25e67acc2143d30.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAici pute\u021bi configura parametrii de conectare, dispozitivele de intrare-ie\u0219ire, precum \u0219i dispozitivele multimedia.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/5c0b381ef62c77c57d6e6bb18dce5c16.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/534f47d02b9e15646cd70624baa18626.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/e74f9f2cf12432e326a18d3d5607c5d1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nDac\u0103 totul este realizat corect, dup\u0103 conectare va ap\u0103rea desktopul XFCE.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/2af33a2b1dffdc4d6a756bcc5a7cc490.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"section5\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Rularea aplica\u021biei pe computerul de la distan\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\nUneori, \u00een loc de un mediu desktop complet pe computerul remote, este necesar s\u0103 rula\u021bi o aplica\u021bie consumatoare de resurse (de exemplu, IDE). Asta nu este complicat, trebuie doar s\u0103 specifica\u021bi \u00een set\u0103rile de conectare tipul corespunz\u0103tor de sesiune \u0219i comanda.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/54c25013a0b0c1cd20074aab0b848a62.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/d6a91f18eefb011e4afbf54f70897f66.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Browserul este rulat pe un VPS remote cu Ubuntu.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 \u0219i op\u021biuni mai exotice pentru utilizarea X2Go: sistemul permite, de exemplu, conectarea la sesiunea unui utilizator de pe un computer la distan\u021b\u0103 (asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu TeamViewer). \u00cen acest caz, at\u00e2t p\u0103r\u021bile client, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele server trebuie s\u0103 fie instalate pe ambele ma\u0219ini. \u00cen plus, nu este obligatoriu s\u0103 defini\u021bi profiluri de sesiune pe fiecare client: pute\u021bi instala \u0219i configura x2gobroker pentru a le stabili pe server. Pentru aceasta, va trebui s\u0103 v\u0103 conecta\u021bi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/launchpad.net\/~x2go\/+archive\/ubuntu\/stable\">un depozit extern<\/a><\/noindex> cu pachete suplimentare.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"section6\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Avantajele X2Go<\/h2>\n<p>\nSpre deosebire de sistemul VNC, care necesit\u0103 o l\u0103\u021bime de band\u0103 mare, X2Go folose\u0219te un protocol avansat NX 3 pentru a minimiza volumul de date transmise. Sistemul dispune de un server X propriu, \u0219i, \u00een plus, necesit\u0103 practic nicio configurare \u0219i are capabilit\u0103\u021bi avansate. Am discutat doar despre cele mai de baz\u0103, dar X2Go poate face mult mai multe, inclusiv redarea sunetului \u0219i a video-ului de pe server c\u0103tre client, imprimarea pe o imprimant\u0103 local\u0103 (pe VPS va fi necesar s\u0103 instala\u021bi pachete suplimentare pentru a configura imprimanta virtual\u0103) \u0219i directoare partajate. Interac\u021biunea cu serverul se face printr-un sshd sigur \u0219i de \u00eencredere \u2014 utilizatorului \u00eei sunt disponibile mecanisme sigure de autentificare, inclusiv cu chei. X2Go configureaz\u0103 automat mediul la conectare (nu trebuie s\u0103 men\u021bine\u021bi serverul X permanent activ), sus\u021bin\u00e2nd totodat\u0103 lucrul multiutilizator \u0219i cele mai populare medii de desktop, iar sesiunea nu se \u00eentrerupe nici dup\u0103 o deconectare. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=krest&amp;utm_content=x2goubuntu#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"VPS pe Linux cu interfa\u021b\u0103 grafic\u0103: configur\u0103m serverul X2Go pe Ubuntu 18.04\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/cbc70d4eb57cd1f803aefb4bb857ded0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/514894\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 VNC \u0438 RDP \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0443 Linux. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 NoMachine \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 NX \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b, \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u0424\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b), \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043e 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