{"id":91731,"date":"2020-08-17T19:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa"},"modified":"2020-08-17T19:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T17:42:18","slug":"nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nemnogo-o-smart-i-utilitah-dlya-monitoringa","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2teva informa\u021bii despre SMART \u0219i utilitarele de monitorizare","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Exist\u0103 multe informa\u021bii online despre SMART \u0219i semnifica\u021biile atributelor. Totu\u0219i, nu am \u00eent\u00e2lnit men\u021biuni despre c\u00e2teva aspecte importante, pe care le \u0219tiu de la oameni care se ocup\u0103 de cercetarea suporturilor de date.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd povesteam din nou unui cunoscut de ce nu ar trebui s\u0103 avem \u00eencredere necondi\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een valorile SMART \u0219i de ce ar fi mai bine s\u0103 nu folosim constant \u00abmonitorerele SMART\u00bb, mi-a venit ideea s\u0103 consemnez ceea ce am spus sub form\u0103 de teze cu explica\u021bii. Pentru a oferi linkuri, \u00een loc s\u0103 repet mereu acelea\u0219i detalii. \u0218i pentru a informa o audien\u021b\u0103 mai larg\u0103.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n1) Programele de monitorizare automat\u0103 a atributelor SMART ar trebui utilizate cu mare precau\u021bie.<\/b><\/p>\n

Ceea ce cuno\u0219ti sub numele de atribute SMART nu este stocat \u00een form\u0103 gata, ci este generat \u00een momentul \u00een care \u00eel solici\u021bi. Acestea sunt calculate pe baza statisticilor interne, acumulate \u0219i utilizate de firmware-ul unit\u0103\u021bii \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii. <\/p>\n

O parte din aceste date nu sunt necesare dispozitivului pentru a asigura func\u021bionalitatea de baz\u0103. Ele nu sunt stocate, ci sunt generate de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd este nevoie. Prin urmare, atunci c\u00e2nd se solicit\u0103 atributele SMART, firmware-ul ini\u021biaz\u0103 multe procese necesare pentru a ob\u021bine datele lips\u0103. <\/p>\n

Dar aceste procese sunt slab compatibile cu procedurile efectuate \u00een timpul \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii unit\u0103\u021bii cu opera\u021bii de citire-scriere.<\/p>\n

\u00centr-o lume ideal\u0103, asta nu ar trebui s\u0103 cauzeze probleme. Dar, \u00een realitate, firmware-urile hard disk-urilor sunt scrise de oameni obi\u0219nui\u021bi. Care pot gre\u0219i \u0219i gre\u0219esc. Prin urmare, dac\u0103 solici\u021bi atributele SMART \u00een timpul desf\u0103\u0219ur\u0103rii active a opera\u021biunilor de citire-scriere de c\u0103tre dispozitiv, \u0219ansele ca ceva s\u0103 mearg\u0103 prost cresc semnificativ. De exemplu, datele din buffer-ul de citire sau scriere a utilizatorului pot fi corupte.<\/p>\n

Afirma\u021bia despre cre\u0219terea riscurilor nu este o concluzie teoretic\u0103, ci o observa\u021bie practic\u0103. De exemplu, este cunoscut un bug care a avut loc \u00een firmware-ul HDD Samsung 103UI, unde, \u00een timpul solicit\u0103rii atributelor SMART, datele utilizatorului erau corupte.<\/p>\n

Prin urmare, nu activa\u021bi verificarea automat\u0103 a atributelor SMART. Dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi exact c\u0103 \u00eenaintea asta se d\u0103 comanda de resetare a cache-ului (Flush Cache). Sau, dac\u0103 nu ave\u021bi alt\u0103 op\u021biune, seta\u021bi efectuarea verific\u0103rii c\u00e2t mai rar posibil. \u00cen multe programe de monitorizare, intervalul de timp setat implicit \u00eentre verific\u0103ri este de aproximativ 10 minute. Aceasta este mult prea frecvent. Aceste verific\u0103ri nu sunt o panacee \u00eempotriva defect\u0103rii nea\u0219teptate a discurilor (panaceea este doar rezervarea). O dat\u0103 pe zi - consider c\u0103 este suficient.<\/p>\n

Cererea de temperatur\u0103 pentru ini\u021bierea proceselor de calculare a atributelor nu are impact \u0219i poate fi efectuat\u0103 frecvent. Deoarece, atunci c\u00e2nd este implementat\u0103 corect, aceasta se realizeaz\u0103 prin protocolul SCT. Prin SCT se transmite doar ceea ce este deja cunoscut. Aceste date sunt actualizate automat \u00een fundal.<\/p>\n

2) Datele atributelor SMART sunt adesea inexacte.<\/b><\/p>\n

Firmware-ul hard disk-ului v\u0103 arat\u0103 ceea ce consider\u0103 c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 arate, nu ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat. Cel mai evident exemplu este al cincilea atribut, num\u0103rul de sectoare reallocuite. Speciali\u0219tii \u00een recuperarea datelor \u0219tiu bine c\u0103 un hard disk poate ar\u0103ta \u00een al cincilea atribut un num\u0103r zero de sectoare reallocuite, chiar dac\u0103 acestea exist\u0103 \u0219i continu\u0103 s\u0103 apar\u0103. <\/p>\n

Am pus o \u00eentrebare unui specialist care studiaz\u0103 hard disk-urile \u0219i cerceteaz\u0103 firmware-urile acestora. L-am \u00eentrebat care este principiul pe care firmware-ul dispozitivului decide c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 ascund\u0103 faptul realloc\u0103rii sectoarelor \u0219i c\u00e2nd poate vorbi despre acest lucru prin intermediul atributelor SMART.<\/p>\n

El a r\u0103spuns c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 o regul\u0103 general\u0103 conform c\u0103reia dispozitivele arat\u0103 sau ascund realitatea. Logica programatorilor care scriu firmware-uri pentru hard disk-uri este uneori foarte ciudat\u0103. Studiind firmware-urile diferitelor modele, el a observat c\u0103, adesea, decizia \u201ea ascunde sau a ar\u0103ta\u201d este luat\u0103 pe baza unui set de parametri care nu par s\u0103 fie \u00eentr-o leg\u0103tur\u0103 clar\u0103 \u00eentre ei \u0219i cu resursa r\u0103mas\u0103 a hard disk-ului.<\/p>\n

3) Interpretarea indicatorilor SMART este specific\u0103 pentru fiecare furnizor.<\/b><\/p>\n

De exemplu, la SiGate nu trebuie s\u0103 ne \u00eengrijor\u0103m de valorile \u201erele\u201d raw ale atributelor 1 \u0219i 7, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t celelalte valori sunt \u00een limite normale. Pe discurile acestui produc\u0103tor, valorile absolute pot cre\u0219te \u00een timpul utiliz\u0103rii normale.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e2teva
\n
\nPentru evaluarea st\u0103rii \u0219i a resursei r\u0103mase a hard disk-ului, este recomandat, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, s\u0103 ne concentr\u0103m asupra parametrelor 5, 196, 197, 198. De asemenea, este sensat s\u0103 ne orient\u0103m precis pe valorile absolute, raw, \u0219i nu pe cele efective. Normalizarea atributelor poate fi realizat\u0103 \u00een moduri mai pu\u021bin evidente, diferite \u00een func\u021bie de algoritmi \u0219i firmware-uri. <\/p>\n

\u00cen general, \u00een cadrul speciali\u0219tilor \u00een stocare de informa\u021bii, c\u00e2nd se discut\u0103 despre valoarea unui atribut, se refer\u0103, de obicei, la valoarea absolut\u0103.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":91732,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-91731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Pu\u021bin despre SMART \u0219i utilitarele de monitorizare | ProHoster","description":"Exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de informa\u021bii pe internet despre SMART \u0219i valorile 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