{"id":92397,"date":"2020-08-26T19:42:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T17:42:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/svoyo-zhelezo-ili-oblako-schitaem-tco"},"modified":"2020-08-26T19:42:18","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T17:42:18","slug":"svoyo-zhelezo-ili-oblako-schitaem-tco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/svoyo-zhelezo-ili-oblako-schitaem-tco","title":{"rendered":"Echipament propriu sau cloud: calcul\u0103m TCO","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Recent, Cloud4Y a organizat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/IK8G3hHqcMI\">un webinar<\/a><\/noindex>, dedicat problemelor TCO, adic\u0103 costului total de proprietate. Am primit o mul\u021bime de \u00eentreb\u0103ri pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103, ceea ce arat\u0103 dorin\u021ba publicului de a \u00een\u021belege mai bine subiectul. Dac\u0103 auzi\u021bi pentru prima dat\u0103 despre TCO sau dori\u021bi s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi cum s\u0103 evalua\u021bi corect beneficiile utiliz\u0103rii infrastructurii proprii sau a celei cloud, ar trebui s\u0103 arunca\u021bi o privire sub cat<\/i>.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd se discut\u0103 despre investi\u021bii \u00een echipamente \u0219i software noi, deseori apar dispute despre ce model de lucru cu infrastructura s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103: on-premise, solu\u021bii din platforme cloud sau hibrid? Mul\u021bi aleg prima variant\u0103, deoarece este \u201emai ieftin\u0103\u201d \u0219i \u201etotul este la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103\u201d. Calculul se face foarte simplu: se compar\u0103 pre\u021burile pentru echipamentul \u201epropriu\u201d \u0219i costurile serviciilor furnizorilor de cloud, dup\u0103 care se trag concluzii.<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i aceast\u0103 abordare este gre\u0219it\u0103. Cloud4Y explic\u0103 de ce.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a r\u0103spunde corect la \u00eentrebarea \u201ec\u00e2t cost\u0103 echipamentul propriu sau cloud\u201d, este necesar s\u0103 evalu\u0103m toate cheltuielile: capitale \u0219i opera\u021bionale. Tocmai din acest motiv a fost creat TCO - costul total de proprietate. TCO include toate cheltuielile care sunt direct sau indirect legate de achizi\u021bia, implementarea \u0219i exploatarea sistemelor informa\u021bionale sau a complexului software-hardware al \u00eentreprinderii.<\/p>\n<p>Este important s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi c\u0103 TCO nu este doar o anumit\u0103 valoare fix\u0103. Este volumul de resurse pe care compania le investe\u0219te de la momentul \u00een care devine proprietara echipamentului \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd sc\u0103pa de acesta.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Cum a fost creat TCO<\/h2>\n<p>\nTermenul TCO (Costul total de proprietate) a fost introdus oficial de compania de consultan\u021b\u0103 Gartner Group \u00een anii '80. Ini\u021bial, a fost folosit \u00een cercet\u0103rile sale la calcularea cheltuielilor financiare legate de de\u021binerea computerelor Wintel, iar \u00een 1987 a formulat definitiv conceptul de cost total de proprietate, care a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie folosit \u00een afaceri. A\u0219adar, modelul de analiz\u0103 a laturii financiare a utiliz\u0103rii echipamentelor IT a fost creat \u00eenc\u0103 din secolul trecut!<\/p>\n<p>Formula de calcul TCO considerat\u0103 standard este urm\u0103toarea:<\/p>\n<p><i>TCO = Cheltuieli de capital (<\/i><i><strong>CAPEX<\/strong><\/i><i>) + Cheltuieli opera\u021bionale (<\/i><i><strong>OPEX<\/strong><\/i><i>)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Cheltuielile capitale (sau unice, fixe) se refer\u0103 doar la cheltuielile pentru achizi\u021bionarea \u0219i implementarea sistemelor IT. Ele sunt numite capitale deoarece sunt necesare o singur\u0103 dat\u0103, \u00een etapele ini\u021biale de creare a sistemelor informa\u021bionale. De asemenea, acestea atrag dup\u0103 sine costuri curente ulterioare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Costul dezvolt\u0103rii \u0219i implement\u0103rii proiectului;<\/li>\n<li>Costul serviciilor consultantilor externi;<\/li>\n<li>Prima achizi\u021bie a software-ului necesar de baz\u0103;<\/li>\n<li>Prima achizi\u021bie a software-ului suplimentar;<\/li>\n<li>Prima achizi\u021bie a echipamentului hardware.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCheltuielile opera\u021bionale apar direct \u00een timpul exploat\u0103rii sistemelor IT. Acestea includ:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Costul \u00eentre\u021binerii \u0219i moderniz\u0103rii sistemului (salariile personalului, consultan\u021bi externi, outsorcing, programe de formare, ob\u021binerea certificatelor etc.);<\/li>\n<li>Costurile asociate cu managementul complex al sistemului;<\/li>\n<li>Cheltuielile legate de utilizarea activ\u0103 a sistemelor informa\u021bionale de c\u0103tre utilizatori.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNoua metod\u0103 de calcul al costurilor a devenit c\u0103utat\u0103 de afaceri. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 cheltuielile directe (costul echipamentului \u0219i salariile personalului de \u00eentre\u021binere) exist\u0103 \u0219i cheltuieli indirecte. Acestea includ salariile managerilor care nu particip\u0103 direct la munca cu echipamentele (director IT, contabil), cheltuieli de publicitate, pl\u0103\u021bi de chirie, cheltuieli de reprezentare. De asemenea, exist\u0103 cheltuieli extraordinere. Acestea includ pl\u0103\u021bile dob\u00e2nzilor pentru creditele \u0219i valorile mobiliare ale organiza\u021biei, pierderile financiare cauzate de instabilitatea valutar\u0103, penaliz\u0103rile sub form\u0103 de pl\u0103\u021bi c\u0103tre parteneri etc. Aceste date trebuie de asemenea incluse \u00een formula de calcul a costului total de proprietate.<\/p>\n<h2>Exemplu de calcul<\/h2>\n<p>\nPentru a fi mai clar, s\u0103 enumer\u0103m toate variabilele din formula noastr\u0103 de calcul al costului total de proprietate. S\u0103 \u00eencepem cu cheltuielile capitale pentru echipamente \u0219i software. \u00cen suma total\u0103 a cheltuielilor includem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Echipamente server<\/li>\n<li>Sisteme de stocare<\/li>\n<li>Platforma de virtualizare<\/li>\n<li>Echipamente pentru asigurarea securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei (gateway-uri criptografice, firewall-uri etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Echipamente de re\u021bea<\/li>\n<li>Sistem de backup<\/li>\n<li>Internet (IP)<\/li>\n<li>Licen\u021be pentru software (software antivirus, licen\u021be Microsoft, 1C etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Rezisten\u021b\u0103 la catastrofe (duplicare \u00een 2 centre de date, dac\u0103 este necesar)<\/li>\n<li>Amplificare \u00een centru de date \/ \u00eenchiriere de spa\u021bii suplimentare<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDin cheltuielile conexe trebuie s\u0103 lu\u0103m \u00een considerare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Proiectarea infrastructurii IT (angajarea unui specialist)<\/li>\n<li>Montajul echipamentului \u0219i lucr\u0103rile de punere \u00een func\u021biune<\/li>\n<li>Cheltuieli cu \u00eentre\u021binerea infrastructurii (salariul personalului \u0219i materiale consumabile)<\/li>\n<li>Profit ratat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVom efectua un calcul pentru o companie:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Echipament propriu sau cloud: calcul\u0103m TCO\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/da5942c96b21e64a9d58969b76849d8f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Echipament propriu sau cloud: calcul\u0103m TCO\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1328791cbfa1b55ce40c013c3f00af3d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Echipament propriu sau cloud: calcul\u0103m TCO\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/7f0e18576a3e37d1f3236c773a814045.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDup\u0103 cum se vede din acest exemplu, solu\u021biile cloud nu sunt doar comparabile ca pre\u021b cu cele on-premise, ci chiar mai ieftine. Da, pentru a ob\u021bine cifre obiective, trebuie s\u0103 face\u021bi calculele singuri, iar acest lucru este mai complicat dec\u00e2t a spune pur \u0219i simplu c\u0103 \u201eechipamentele proprii sunt mai ieftine\u201d. Totu\u0219i, pe termen lung, o abordare meticuloas\u0103 se dovede\u0219te \u00eentotdeauna mai eficient\u0103 dec\u00e2t una superficial\u0103. Managementul eficient al costurilor opera\u021bionale poate reduce semnificativ costul total de proprietate al infrastructurii IT \u0219i poate economisi o parte din buget, care poate fi folosit\u0103 pentru proiecte noi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, exist\u0103 \u0219i alte argumente \u00een favoarea cloud-urilor. Compania economise\u0219te bani renun\u021b\u00e2nd la achizi\u021biile unice de echipamente, \u00ee\u0219i optimizeaz\u0103 baza impozabil\u0103, ob\u021bine scalabilitate instantanee \u0219i reduce riscurile asociate cu de\u021binerea \u0219i gestionarea activelor informa\u021bionale.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ce altceva interesant este pe blog <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloud4y.ru\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=article\">Cloud4Y<\/a><\/noindex><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/516078\/\">AI a \u00eenvins din nou un pilot de F-16 \u00een lupta aerian\u0103<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/514738\/\">\u201eF\u0103-o singur\u201d, sau un computer din Iugoslavia<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/514606\/\">Departamentul de Stat al SUA va crea propriul s\u0103u mare firewall<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/505000\/\">Inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 c\u00e2nt\u0103 despre revolu\u021bie<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u2192 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/490734\/\">P\u0103c\u0103leli pe h\u0103r\u021bile topografice ale Elve\u021biei<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Abona\u021bi-v\u0103 la canalul nostru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/cloud4y\">Telegram<\/a><\/noindex>-canal, pentru a nu pierde urm\u0103torul articol. Scriem de maximum dou\u0103 ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i doar c\u00e2nd este cazul.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/cloud4y\/blog\/516456\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e Cloud4Y \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c TCO, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e TCO \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":92398,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e Cloud4Y 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