{"id":94055,"date":"2020-09-12T07:42:40","date_gmt":"2020-09-12T05:42:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-mobilnyj-internet-udelal-provodnoj-sravnitelnoe-testirovanie-lte-cat-4-6-12"},"modified":"2020-09-12T07:42:40","modified_gmt":"2020-09-12T05:42:40","slug":"kak-mobilnyj-internet-udelal-provodnoj-sravnitelnoe-testirovanie-lte-cat-4-6-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-mobilnyj-internet-udelal-provodnoj-sravnitelnoe-testirovanie-lte-cat-4-6-12","title":{"rendered":"Cum a \u00eenvins internetul mobil pe cel fix. Testare comparativ\u0103 LTE Cat 4, 6, 12","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Autoizolarea \u0219i munca la distan\u021b\u0103 ulterioar\u0103 au st\u00e2rnit interesul pentru internetul mobil, iar \u00een comentarii sau mesaje private, tot mai des am \u00eenceput s\u0103 primesc \u00eentreb\u0103ri despre cum s\u0103 asigur un acces normal la internet din zonele reziden\u021biale. \u00cen timpul pandemiei, am observat c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea re\u021belei a crescut nu doar de c\u00e2teva ori, ci \u00eentr-un mod incredibil: o anten\u0103 Beeline, care anterior oferea p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40 Mbit\/s la desc\u0103rcare, \u00een aprilie a avut o vitez\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 Mbit\/s. A\u0219a c\u0103, undeva \u00een luna mai, a ap\u0103rut ideea de a efectua un test comparativ al routerelor din diferite categorii, care sus\u021bin agregarea canalelor, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 vor permite cre\u0219terea vitezei re\u021belei, chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd antena este aglomerat\u0103. Teoria \u0219i testele sunt mai jos.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pu\u021bin\u0103 teorie<\/h3>\n

\nDe ce depinde viteza de transmitere a datelor de la sta\u021bia de baz\u0103 (BS) la abonat? Dac\u0103 elimin\u0103m interferen\u021bele, distan\u021ba dintre abonat \u0219i BS, sarcina pe BS \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103rcarea canalului de la BS p\u00e2n\u0103 la punctul de ie\u0219ire \u00een internet, r\u0103m\u00e2ne doar l\u0103\u021bimea canalului, modularea, frecven\u021ba de transfer a datelor \u0219i num\u0103rul acestora. <\/p>\n

S\u0103 \u00eencepem cu frecven\u021ba: LTE \u00een Rusia opereaz\u0103 pe frecven\u021bele de 450, 800, 900, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2500 \u0219i 2600 MHz. Dac\u0103 ne amintim de fizic\u0103, acolo a fost explicat clar c\u0103 frecven\u021bele mai joase au o capacitate de penetrare mai bun\u0103 \u0219i se atenuaz\u0103 pe distan\u021be mai mari. Astfel, \u00een ora\u0219, frecven\u021bele mai ridicate sunt de obicei utilizate, datorit\u0103 densit\u0103\u021bii mai mari a sta\u021biilor de baz\u0103, iar \u00een afara ora\u0219ului, frecven\u021bele mai joase sunt des utilizate, permi\u021b\u00e2nd o amplasare mai rar\u0103 a antenelor. Aceasta depinde, de asemenea, de frecven\u021ba alocat\u0103 operatorului \u00een regiunea actual\u0103.<\/p>\n

L\u0103\u021bimea canalului: \u00cen Rusia, l\u0103\u021bimea canalului de 5, 10 \u0219i 20 MHz este cea mai frecvente, de\u0219i l\u0103\u021bimea poate varia de la 1.4 la 20 MHz. <\/p>\n

Modularea: QPSK, 16QAM, 64 QAM \u0219i 256 QAM. Aici depinde deja de operatorul de telecomunica\u021bii. Nu voi ad\u00e2nci \u00een particularit\u0103\u021bile tehnice, dar exist\u0103 o regul\u0103: cu c\u00e2t modularea este mai mare \u00een acest clasament, cu at\u00e2t viteza este mai mare. <\/p>\n

Num\u0103rul de canale: Modulul de recep\u021bie radio poate func\u021biona \u00een modul de agregare a canalelor, dac\u0103 acest lucru este sus\u021binut de operatorul de telecomunica\u021bii. De exemplu, turnul transmite date pe frecven\u021bele de 1800 \u0219i 2600 MHz. Modulul radio LTE Cat.4 va putea func\u021biona doar cu una dintre aceste frecven\u021be. Modulul de categorie 6 va putea func\u021biona simultan cu ambele frecven\u021be, sum\u00e2nd viteza de la cele dou\u0103 module. Dispozitivul de categorie 12 va func\u021biona simultan cu trei portante: de exemplu, cu dou\u0103 pe frecven\u021ba de 1800 MHz (1800+1800) \u0219i cu una pe frecven\u021ba de 2600 MHz. Viteza real\u0103 nu va fi x3, ci va depinde doar de \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura BS \u0219i de l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a canalului de Internet al sta\u021biei de baz\u0103. Am \u00eent\u00e2lnit cazuri la lucrul cu Cat.6, c\u00e2nd utilizarea unui singur canal oferea o vitez\u0103 de 40 Mbit\/s, iar cu dou\u0103 canale 65-70 Mbit\/s. S\u0103 fim serio\u0219i, este o cre\u0219tere semnificativ\u0103!<\/p>\n

Ideea testului<\/h3>\n

\nA\u0219a am avut ideea de a testa routerele din diferite categorii pentru a clarifica imaginea real\u0103 care se va deschide utilizatorului obi\u0219nuit. Problema const\u0103 \u00een a lua routere din aceea\u0219i serie sau doar cu module radio diferite, deoarece routerele de la diferi\u021bi produc\u0103tori vor avea, cu siguran\u021b\u0103, componente diferite, ceea ce poate influen\u021ba rezultatele m\u0103sur\u0103rilor. Prin urmare, am ajuns la ideea de a testa un singur produc\u0103tor, dar cu routere diferite.<\/p>\n

Pasul doi a fost alegerea tipului de dispozitive pentru teste: se poate lua pur \u0219i simplu un router \u0219i conecta o anten\u0103 printr-o asamblare de cabluri, dar practica a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 utilizatorul vrea un dispozitiv combinate, \u00een care este suficient s\u0103 introduc\u0103 un SIM \u0219i s\u0103 conecteze dispozitivul la re\u021bea. A\u0219a am ajuns la ideea de a testa monoblocuri, adic\u0103 router \u0219i anten\u0103 \u00eentr-un singur corp. <\/p>\n

Pasul trei m-a determinat s\u0103 aleg produc\u0103torul: Zyxel are cea mai mare gam\u0103 de monoblocuri cu diferite categorii LTE, a\u0219a c\u0103 alegerea a fost pur \u0219i simplu evident\u0103. <\/p>\n

Pentru test am ales urm\u0103toarele routere: LTE 7240, LTE 7460 \u0219i LTE 7480. <\/p>\n

Metodologia de testare<\/h3>\n

\nPentru a evalua capacit\u0103\u021bile routerelor, s-a decis s\u0103 se efectueze un test \u201esintetic\u201d \u0219i un test real. Testul sintetic a constat \u00een m\u0103surarea vitezei la o distan\u021b\u0103 de aproximativ 200 de metri de sta\u021bia de baz\u0103, \u00een axa antenei emitente, ceea ce a permis ob\u021binerea unei calit\u0103\u021bi mai bune a semnalului. Conectarea s-a realizat la turnurile Megafon, deoarece acestea ofereau cea mai mare l\u0103\u021bime de band\u0103 posibil\u0103 pentru acest loc, de 20 MHz. Am testat routerele \u00een dou\u0103 regiuni, unde pe harta de acoperire operatorul promite viteze de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 150 \u0219i, respectiv, 300 Mbps. Testul real a constat \u00een plasarea routerului l\u00e2ng\u0103 casa mea, unde am testat routere anterioare. Condi\u021biile de conectare \u00een acest mod sunt mult mai dificile, deoarece distan\u021ba p\u00e2n\u0103 la turn este de 8 km \u0219i nu exist\u0103 linie de vedere direct\u0103, iar pe calea semnalului se afl\u0103 copaci. A\u0219adar, au fost efectuate trei teste:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Distan\u021ba p\u00e2n\u0103 la turn ~200 m. Zon\u0103 cu viteza maxim\u0103 declarat\u0103 de 150 Mbps. Timpul de testare 12-13 ore.<\/li>\n
  2. Distan\u021ba p\u00e2n\u0103 la turn ~200 m. Zon\u0103 cu viteza maxim\u0103 declarat\u0103 de 300 Mbps. Timpul de testare 12-13 ore.<\/li>\n
  3. Distan\u021ba p\u00e2n\u0103 la turn ~8000 m. F\u0103r\u0103 linie de vedere. Zon\u0103 cu viteza maxim\u0103 declarat\u0103 de 150 Mbps. Timpul de testare 12-13 ore.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nToate testele au fost efectuate cu aceea\u0219i cartel\u0103 SIM \u00een zilele lucr\u0103toare. Timpul a fost ales \u00een jurul orei 12-13 pentru a evita v\u00e2rfurile de trafic de diminea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i sear\u0103 pe sta\u021bia de baz\u0103. Testele au fost efectuate de mai multe ori \u00een dou\u0103 loca\u021bii diferite. server<\/a> folosind serviciul Speedtest: Moscow Megafon \u0219i Moscow RETN. Viteza a variat u\u0219or, deoarece servere<\/a> au diferite niveluri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare. Este timpul s\u0103 \u00eencepem testele, dar mai \u00eent\u00e2i o descriere extern\u0103 \u0219i specifica\u021biile tehnice pentru fiecare router.<\/p>\n

    \"Cum
    \n
    \nZyxel LTE 7240-M403<\/b>
    \n\"Cum
    \nRouterul de baz\u0103 din gama de dispozitive LTE rezistente la intemperii de la Zyxel. Acesta poate fi montat pe perete prin intermediul unei pl\u0103ci speciale sau poate fi fixat pe un \u021beav\u0103 folosind cleme. Nu are un sistem de prindere cu multiple grade de libertate, a\u0219a c\u0103 este recomandat s\u0103 preg\u0103ti\u021bi un suport pentru montajul extern \u0219i o direc\u021bionare mai precis\u0103 c\u0103tre sta\u021bia de baz\u0103. Av\u00e2nd dimensiuni reduse, dispune de o anten\u0103 bun\u0103 \u0219i este u\u0219or de instalat: cartela SIM \u0219i cablul Ethernet se introduc \u00een carcas\u0103, iar totul este etan\u0219at cu un capac special. Routerul este echipat cu un modul Wi-Fi, ceea ce permite nu doar utilizarea accesului la internet prin cablu, dar \u0219i acoperirea decent\u0103 a terenului \u00eenconjur\u0103tor cu semnal wireless. \u00cen router este integrat un modul cu suport Cat.4, iar viteza maxim\u0103 de desc\u0103rcare ob\u021binut\u0103 \u00een timpul testelor a fost de 105 Mbit\/s \u2014 un rezultat excelent pentru un astfel de dispozitiv. \u00cen timpul test\u0103rii \u00een condi\u021bii reale, c\u00e2nd distan\u021ba p\u00e2n\u0103 la sta\u021bia de baz\u0103 era de peste 8 km, s-a reu\u0219it atingerea unei viteze maxime de 23,5 Mbit\/s. Unii ar putea spune c\u0103 este pu\u021bin, dar adesea exist\u0103 operatori de linii de fibr\u0103 optic\u0103 care doresc \u00eentre 10 Mbit\/s cu o tax\u0103 de abonament lunar\u0103 de la 500 la 1200 de ruble, iar \u00een plus, conectarea va costa \u00eentre 10-40 de mii de ruble. Astfel, internetul mobil devine mai ieftin \u0219i mult mai simplu de instalat \u0219i conectat din orice punct. Per total, acest router va permite o munc\u0103 confortabil\u0103 de la distan\u021b\u0103, precum \u0219i bucuria vizion\u0103rii de videoclipuri \u0219i navigarea rapid\u0103 pe internet. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi deja o infrastructur\u0103 preg\u0103tit\u0103 cu camere IP sau un sistem de supraveghere video, tot ce trebuie s\u0103 face\u021bi este s\u0103 ad\u0103uga\u021bi acest router pentru a monitoriza de la distan\u021b\u0103 sistemul de securitate.<\/p>\n

    Zyxel LTE7460-M608<\/b>
    \n\"Cum
    \nAcest dispozitiv reprezint\u0103 o evolu\u021bie logic\u0103 a legendarei unit\u0103\u021bi Zyxel LTE 6100, care a deschis era routerelor-monobloc LTE. Spre deosebire de modelul anterior, care avea un bloc intern plasat \u00een interior, iar antena cu modemul era amplasat\u0103 afar\u0103. Dispozitivul respect\u0103 tehnologia LTE Cat.6, ceea ce presupune agregarea a dou\u0103 porturi \u0219i cre\u0219terea vitezei de desc\u0103rcare, dac\u0103 acest lucru este sus\u021binut de sta\u021bia de baz\u0103. Instalarea cartelei SIM \u00een router reprezint\u0103 o ac\u021biune non-trivial\u0103, deoarece placa cu injectorul se afl\u0103 ad\u00e2nc \u00een interiorul antenei, iar la montajul pe \u00een\u0103l\u021bime exist\u0103 toate \u0219ansele s\u0103 pierde\u021bi SIM-ul. Prin urmare, recomand cu t\u0103rie s\u0103 instala\u021bi cartela jos \u0219i apoi s\u0103 monta\u021bi routerul pe \u00een\u0103l\u021bime. Fiind primul dispozitiv-monobloc ap\u0103rut \u00een gama Zyxel, acesta nu este echipat cu modul Wi-Fi, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t accesul la Internet se poate ob\u021bine doar prin cablu. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, exist\u0103 libertatea de a alege punctul Wi-Fi care va fi instalat \u00een cas\u0103. De asemenea, Zyxel LTE7460 se integreaz\u0103 u\u0219or \u00een infrastructura existent\u0103 \u0219i poate func\u021biona \u00een modul bridge. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te caracteristicile de vitez\u0103, routerul a reu\u0219it s\u0103 demonstreze \u00een teste o vitez\u0103 solid\u0103 de 137 Mbit\/s la desc\u0103rcare \u2014 nu fiecare furnizor de cablu ofer\u0103 o astfel de vitez\u0103. Viteza maxim\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u00een acela\u0219i test a fost de peste 39 Mbit\/s, ceea ce se apropie de pragul teoretic de \u00eenc\u0103rcare de la client \u00een re\u021bea. \u00cen cazul unui test real pe distan\u021be mari, routerul s-a comportat de asemenea bine, permi\u021b\u00e2nd desc\u0103rcarea cu viteze de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 31 Mbit\/s \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103rcarea de date cu viteze de peste 7 Mbit\/s. \u00cen caz de locuire la \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i absen\u021ba posibilit\u0103\u021bii de conectare la re\u021belele de cablu, o astfel de vitez\u0103 este mai mult dec\u00e2t suficient\u0103 pentru necesit\u0103\u021bile unei familii \u00eentregi \u2014 pentru studiu, divertisment \u0219i munc\u0103.<\/p>\n

    Zyxel LTE7480-M804<\/b>
    \n\"Cum
    \n\u00cen sf\u00e2r\u0219it, a venit r\u00e2ndul modelului de top din gama routerelor monoblocuri \u00een acest test. Zyxel LTE7480 suport\u0103 tehnologia LTE Cat.12 \u0219i poate func\u021biona cu trei porturi simultan. Combin\u0103rile posibile ale modurilor de agregare sunt prezentate \u00een tabelul cu specifica\u021bii tehnice, dar pot spune simplu - chiar func\u021bioneaz\u0103! Viteza maxim\u0103 atins\u0103 \u00een timpul test\u0103rii a fost de peste 172 Mbps! Ca s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u00e2t reprezint\u0103 acest num\u0103r - vorbim de aproximativ 21 MB\/s. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 un film de 3 gigaocte\u021bi se va desc\u0103rca \u00een 142 de secunde! \u00cen acest timp, chiar \u0219i un fierb\u0103tor nu va fierbe ap\u0103, iar filmul de calitate bun\u0103 va fi deja pe hard disk-ul computerului. Trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103 viteza va depinde de \u00eenc\u0103rcarea sta\u021biei de baz\u0103 \u0219i de capacitatea canalului care este conectat la aceast\u0103 sta\u021bie. Cred c\u0103 noaptea, c\u00e2nd abonamentele \u00eencarc\u0103 mai pu\u021bin re\u021beaua, pe turnul testat a\u0219 putea ob\u021bine o vitez\u0103 \u0219i mai mare. Acum voi trece de la admira\u021bie la descriere \u0219i minusuri. Produc\u0103torul a ascultat utilizatorii \u0219i a f\u0103cut montajul mai confortabil, precum \u0219i integrarea cartelei SIM: acum aceasta nu mai este \u00een interiorul carcasei, ci pe margine - sub un capac de protec\u021bie. Bracket-ul de montaj permite instalarea routerului at\u00e2t pe peretele casei, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe un st\u00e2lp de suport, ajust\u00e2nd precis antena c\u0103tre sta\u021bia de baz\u0103 - unghiul de rota\u021bie pe orizontal\u0103 \u0219i vertical\u0103 este de 180 de grade. Dispozitivul este dotat \u0219i cu modul Wi-Fi \u0219i, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 transmiterea datelor pe cablu, poate asigura dispozitivele mobile cu internet prin canal wireless. \u00cen timpul testului, a fost evident c\u0103 viteza de ie\u0219ire era mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t la alte modele \u0219i presupun c\u0103 acest lucru este legat de dou\u0103 aspecte: firmware-ul mai pu\u021bin rafinat sau amplasarea compact\u0103 a celor patru antene \u00een carcas\u0103: dimensiunile Zyxel LTE7480 sunt acelea\u0219i ca la Zyxel LTE7460, dar antenele sunt cu dou\u0103 mai multe. Am contactat produc\u0103torul \u0219i ei mi-au confirmat presupunerile - totu\u0219i, a g\u0103si astfel de condi\u021bii de conectivitate, cum au fost la mine, cu o distan\u021b\u0103 de 8 km fa\u021b\u0103 de sta\u021bia de baz\u0103, nu este u\u0219or.<\/p>\n

    Concluzii<\/b><\/p>\n

    \"Cum
    \n
    \n\u00cen concluzie, trebuie s\u0103 ne referim la tabelul de m\u0103surare a vitezelor. Din acesta rezult\u0103 c\u0103, chiar \u0219i din acela\u0219i punct, se pot ob\u021bine viteze diferite, deoarece serverele pot fi mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin \u00eenc\u0103rcate. De asemenea, \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura pe sta\u021bia de baz\u0103 are impact. M\u0103sur\u0103torile vitezelor demonstreaz\u0103, de asemenea, c\u0103 pe o distan\u021b\u0103 mare, de aproximativ 8,5 km, probabil nu va func\u021biona agregarea canalelor (sau poate sta\u021bia mea de baz\u0103 pur \u0219i simplu nu suport\u0103 agregarea) \u0219i amplificarea antenelor integrate devine prioritar\u0103. Dac\u0103 e\u0219ti foarte aproape de sta\u021bia de baz\u0103 sau \u00een linie dreapt\u0103 de vizibilitate, atunci merit\u0103 s\u0103 achizi\u021bionezi dispozitive cu suport pentru tehnologia Cat.6 sau Cat.12. Dac\u0103 dispui de un buget pentru achizi\u021bionarea router-ului Zyxel LTE7460, atunci ar fi bine s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi cre\u0219ti pu\u021bin bugetul pentru a lua router-ul Zyxel LTE7480 cu suport pentru Cat.12 \u0219i modul Wi-Fi \u00eencorporat. Dac\u0103 e\u0219ti departe de sta\u021bia de baz\u0103, dar ai toat\u0103 infrastructura acas\u0103 \u0219i \u00ee\u021bi lipse\u0219te doar punctul de acces la Internet, po\u021bi opta pentru un dispozitiv mediu din gam\u0103. Cei care nu au cerin\u021be mari \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te viteza de conectare \u0219i doresc s\u0103 economiseasc\u0103, ar trebui s\u0103 se uite c\u0103tre Zyxel LTE 7240 \u2014 acest model de \u00eenceput este compact, u\u0219or de instalat \u0219i poate oferi un nivel confortabil de navigare pe internet.
    \n
    Sursa:     habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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