{"id":94658,"date":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati"},"modified":"2020-09-19T13:42:15","modified_gmt":"2020-09-19T11:42:15","slug":"red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/red-hat-razvivaet-novuyu-fs-nvfs-effektivnuyu-dlya-nvm-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Red Hat dezvolt\u0103 un nou sistem de fi\u0219iere NVFS, eficient pentru memoriile NVM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, unul dintre dezvoltatorii LVM \u0219i autor al mai multor inven\u021bii<\/a><\/noindex>, legate de optimizarea func\u021bion\u0103rii sistemelor de stocare, care lucreaz\u0103 la compania Red Hat, a prezentat<\/a><\/noindex> a anun\u021bat pe lista de coresponden\u021b\u0103 a dezvoltatorilor nucleului Linux un nou sistem de fi\u0219iere NVFS<\/a><\/noindex>, destinat cre\u0103rii unui FS compact \u0219i rapid pentru cipurile de memorie nevolatil\u0103 (NVM, non-volatile memory, de exemplu NVDIMM), care combin\u0103 performan\u021ba RAM-ului cu capacitatea de stocare permanent\u0103 a con\u021binutului. <\/p>\n

\u00cen dezvoltarea NVFS s-a luat \u00een considerare experien\u021ba FS NOVA<\/a><\/noindex>, creat \u00een 2017 special pentru memoriile NVM, dar care nu a fost acceptat \u00een nucleul Linux \u0219i limitat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> suportul nucleelor Linux de la 4.13 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 5.1.
\nSistemul de fi\u0219iere propus NVFS este semnificativ mai simplu dec\u00e2t NOVA (4972 linii de cod fa\u021b\u0103 de 21459), ofer\u0103 un utilitar fsck, are o performan\u021b\u0103 mai bun\u0103, suport\u0103 atribute extinse (xattrs), etichete de securitate, ACL \u0219i cote, dar nu suport\u0103 instantanee. Arhitectura<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS este apropiat\u0103 de
\nFS Ext4 \u0219i se integreaz\u0103 bine \u00een modelul sistemelor de fi\u0219iere bazate pe subsistemul VFS, ceea ce permite minimizarea num\u0103rului de straturi \u0219i utilizarea unui modul care nu necesit\u0103 patch-uri \u00een nucleu.<\/p>\n

NVFS utilizeaz\u0103 interfa\u021ba nucleului DAX<\/a><\/noindex> pentru acces direct la dispozitivele de memorie permanent\u0103, ocolind cache-ul paginilor. Pentru optimizarea lucrului cu memoria NVM, \u00een care se utilizeaz\u0103 adresarea pe octe\u021bi, con\u021binutul stoc\u0103rii este mapat \u00een spa\u021biul de adres\u0103 liniar al nucleului f\u0103r\u0103 a utiliza nivelul tradi\u021bional al dispozitivelor bloc \u0219i cache-ul intermediar. Pentru stocarea con\u021binutului directoarelor se folose\u0219te un arbore de baz\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> (radix tree), \u00een care fiecare nume de fi\u0219ier este hash-uit, iar valoarea hash-ului este utilizat\u0103 la c\u0103utarea \u00een arbore.<\/p>\n

Integritatea datelor este asigurat\u0103 prin intermediul mecanismului \u201eactualiz\u0103ri soft<\/a><\/noindex>\u201e (a\u0219a cum este \u00een UFS din FreeBSD \u0219i \u00een FFS din OpenBSD) f\u0103r\u0103 a utiliza jurnalizarea. Pentru a evita deteriorarea fi\u0219ierelor \u00een NVFS, opera\u021biile de modificare a datelor sunt grupate \u00een a\u0219a fel \u00eenc\u00e2t o defec\u021biune s\u0103 nu poat\u0103 duce la pierderea de blocuri sau inode, iar integritatea structurilor este restabilit\u0103 prin intermediul utilitarului fsck. Utilitarul fsck func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een modul multi-thread \u0219i asigur\u0103 o performan\u021b\u0103 de aproximativ 1,6 milioane inode pe secund\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen teste de performan\u021b\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> NVFS a efectuat opera\u021biunea de copiere a arborelui cu textele de baz\u0103 Linux \u00een memorie NVM cu aproximativ 10% mai repede dec\u00e2t NOVA, cu 30% mai repede dec\u00e2t ext4 \u0219i cu 37% mai repede dec\u00e2t XFS. \u00cen testul de c\u0103utare a datelor, FS NVFS s-a dovedit a fi mai rapid dec\u00e2t NOVA cu 3%, iar ext4 \u0219i XFS cu 15% (dar, cu un cache pe disc activ, NOVA a fost mai lent\u0103 cu 15%).
\n\u00cen testul a un milion de opera\u021biuni cu directoare, NVFS a dep\u0103\u0219it NOVA cu 40%, ext4 cu 22% \u0219i XFS cu 46%. \u00cen simularea activit\u0103\u021bii SGBD, sistemul de fi\u0219iere NVFS a dep\u0103\u0219it NOVA cu 20%, ext4 de 18 ori \u0219i XFS de 5 ori. \u00cen testul fs_mark, rezultatele NVFS \u0219i NOVA au fost aproximativ la acela\u0219i nivel, iar ext4 \u0219i XFS au r\u0103mas \u00een urm\u0103 de aproximativ 3 ori.<\/p>\n

\u00cent\u00e2rzierea sistemelor de fi\u0219iere tradi\u021bionale pe memoria NVM este cauzat\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 acestea nu sunt concepute pentru adresarea pe byte, utilizat\u0103 \u00een memoriile non-volatile, care arat\u0103 ca o memorie RAM obi\u0219nuit\u0103. Citirea de pe unit\u0103\u021bi obi\u0219nuite asigur\u0103 atomicitatea opera\u021biunii la nivelul citirii\/scrierii sectorului, \u00een timp ce memoria NVM permite accesul la nivelul cuvintelor ma\u0219inii individuale. \u00cen plus, sistemele de fi\u0219iere tradi\u021bionale \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 reduc\u0103 intensitatea accesului la suport, care este considerat a fi \u00een mod evident mai lent dec\u00e2t memoria RAM, \u0219i de asemenea \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 grupeze opera\u021biunile pentru a asigura citirea secven\u021bial\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se utilizeaz\u0103 hard disk-uri, gestioneaz\u0103 cozile de cereri, combate fragmentarea \u0219i separ\u0103 priorit\u0103\u021bile execu\u021biei diferitelor opera\u021biuni. Pentru memoria NVM, astfel de complica\u021bii sunt inutile, deoarece viteza de acces la date este comparabil\u0103 cu RAM-ul, iar ordinea accesului nu conteaz\u0103.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0448 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 (Mikuláš Patočka), \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 LVM \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Red Hat, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 NVFS, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (NVM, non-volatile memory, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 NVDIMM), \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Red Hat dezvolt\u0103 un nou sistem de fi\u0219iere NVFS, eficient pentru memoria NVM | ProHoster","description":"Mikul\u00e1\u0161 Pato\u010dka, unul dintre dezvoltatorii LVM \u0219i autor al mai multor inven\u021bii legate de 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