{"id":94735,"date":"2020-09-20T19:42:23","date_gmt":"2020-09-20T17:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/osobennosti-obnovlenij-proshivki-mobilnyh-ustrojstv"},"modified":"2020-09-20T19:42:23","modified_gmt":"2020-09-20T17:42:23","slug":"osobennosti-obnovlenij-proshivki-mobilnyh-ustrojstv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/osobennosti-obnovlenij-proshivki-mobilnyh-ustrojstv","title":{"rendered":"Caracteristicile actualiz\u0103rilor firmware-ului pentru dispozitive mobile","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Fiecare decide pentru sine dac\u0103 s\u0103 actualizeze sau nu firmware-ul pe telefonul personal. <br \/>\nUnii instaleaz\u0103 CyanogenMod, al\u021bii nu se simt st\u0103p\u00e2ni pe dispozitiv f\u0103r\u0103 TWRP sau jailbreak. <br \/>\n\u00cen cazul actualiz\u0103rii telefoanelor mobile de serviciu, procesul trebuie s\u0103 fie relativ uniform, altfel IT-i\u0219tii ar putea considera chiar \u0219i Ragnarok drept o distrac\u021bie. <\/p>\n<p>Despre cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 acest lucru \u00een lumea \u201ecorpora\u021biilor\u201d, citi\u021bi mai departe.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristicile actualiz\u0103rilor firmware-ului pentru dispozitive mobile\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/468d8920a368290637ed7e9afe748a75.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>O scurt\u0103 introducere<\/h2>\n<p>\nDispozitivele mobile bazate pe iOS primesc actualiz\u0103ri regulate similar cu dispozitivele pe Windows, dar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>actualiz\u0103rile apar mai rar; <\/li>\n<li>marea majoritate a dispozitivelor prime\u0219te actualiz\u0103ri, dar nu toate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nApple lanseaz\u0103 actualizarea iOS simultan pentru majoritatea dispozitivelor sale, cu excep\u021bia celor care nu mai sunt suportate. Totodat\u0103, Apple \u00ee\u0219i sus\u021bine dispozitivele suficient de mult timp. De exemplu, actualizarea iOS 14 va fi disponibil\u0103 chiar \u0219i pentru iPhone 6s, lansat \u00een 2015. Desigur, apar \u0219i unele probleme, cum ar fi \u00eencetinirea for\u021bat\u0103 a aparatelor mai vechi, care, conform afirma\u021biilor, a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 nu pentru a obliga utilizatorii s\u0103 cumpere un telefon nou, ci pentru a prelungi durata de via\u021b\u0103 a bateriei vechi\u2026 Dar, \u00een orice caz, este mai bine dec\u00e2t situa\u021bia cu Android.<\/p>\n<p>Android este, \u00een esen\u021ba sa, o franciz\u0103. Android-ul original de la Google se g\u0103se\u0219te doar pe dispozitivele din linia Pixel \u0219i pe dispozitivele bugetare care particip\u0103 \u00een programul Android One. Pe alte dispozitive se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc doar derivate din Android \u2013 EMUI, Flyme OS, MIUI, One UI etc. Aceast\u0103 diversitate reprezint\u0103 o mare problem\u0103 pentru securitatea dispozitivelor mobile. <br \/>\nDe exemplu, \u201ecomunitatea\u201d identific\u0103 o nou\u0103 vulnerabilitate \u00een Android sau \u00een componentele sistemului pe care se bazeaz\u0103. Apoi, vulnerabilitatea prime\u0219te un num\u0103r \u00een baza CVE, cel care a g\u0103sit-o prime\u0219te o recompens\u0103 prin unul dintre programele de bug bounty de la Google, iar ulterior Google lanseaz\u0103 un patch \u0219i \u00eel include \u00een urm\u0103toarea versiune a Android. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cel va primi telefonul dvs. dac\u0103 nu este Pixel sau nu particip\u0103 \u00een programul Android One? <br \/>\nDac\u0103 a\u021bi cump\u0103rat un dispozitiv nou acum un an, probabil c\u0103 da, dar nu imediat. Produc\u0103torul dispozitivului dvs. trebuie s\u0103 integreze patch-ul Google \u00een propria sa versiune de Android \u0219i s\u0103-l testeze pe modelele de dispozitive suportate. Modelele de top sunt sus\u021binute pu\u021bin mai mult timp. Toate celelalte trebuie s\u0103 se mul\u021bumeasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 nu citeasc\u0103 diminea\u021ba baza CVE, pentru a-\u0219i p\u0103stra apetit. <\/p>\n<p>Situa\u021bia actual\u0103 cu actualiz\u0103rile majore Android este, de obicei, \u0219i mai grav\u0103. \u00cen medie, o nou\u0103 versiune major\u0103 ajunge pe dispozitivele mobile cu Android personalizat \u00eentr-un interval de timp de cel pu\u021bin un trimestru, dac\u0103 nu mai mult. De exemplu, actualizarea Android 10 de la Google a fost lansat\u0103 \u00een septembrie 2019, iar dispozitivele diferitelor m\u0103rci care au avut norocul s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 actualizarea au \u00eenceput s\u0103 o primeasc\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een vara anului 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Produc\u0103torii pot fi \u00een\u021bele\u0219i. Lansarea \u0219i testarea noilor firmware-uri reprezint\u0103 costuri considerabile. \u0218i, fiindc\u0103 dispozitivele au fost deja cump\u0103rate, nu mai pot ob\u021bine bani suplimentari de la noi. <br \/>\nR\u0103m\u00e2ne \u2026 s\u0103 ne for\u021beze s\u0103 cump\u0103r\u0103m dispozitive noi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristicile actualiz\u0103rilor firmware-ului pentru dispozitive mobile\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/90565fa08911214d51ae5aa774c6e0c4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nVulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile firmware-urilor Android ale unor produc\u0103tori au condus la schimbarea arhitecturii Android de c\u0103tre Google pentru a putea livra actualiz\u0103rile critice singur. Proiectul a primit numele de Google Project Zero, despre care s-a scris pe Habr \u00een urm\u0103 cu aproximativ un an. Aceast\u0103 func\u021bionalitate este relativ nou\u0103, dar este integrat\u0103 \u00een toate dispozitivele din 2019 care au servicii Google. Mul\u021bi \u0219tiu c\u0103 aceste servicii sunt pl\u0103tite pentru produc\u0103torii de dispozitive, care pl\u0103tesc drepturi de autor c\u0103tre Google, dar pu\u021bini \u0219tiu c\u0103 problema nu se limiteaz\u0103 la comercializare. Pentru a ob\u021bine permisiunea de a folosi serviciile Google pe un dispozitiv specific, produc\u0103torul trebuie s\u0103 trimit\u0103 firmware-ul s\u0103u la Google pentru verificare. Google nu accept\u0103 firmware-uri bazate pe versiuni vechi de Android pentru verificare. Acest lucru le permite celor de la Google s\u0103 impun\u0103 pe pia\u021b\u0103 Project Zero, ceea ce, sper\u0103m, va face dispozitivele Android mai sigure.<\/p>\n<h2>Recomand\u0103ri pentru utilizatorii corporativi<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen lumea corporativ\u0103, nu sunt utilizate doar aplica\u021bii publice, disponibile \u00een Google Play \u0219i App Store, ci \u0219i aplica\u021bii dezvoltate intern. Uneori, ciclul de via\u021b\u0103 al acestor aplica\u021bii \u00eenceteaz\u0103 \u00een momentul semn\u0103rii actului de predare-primire \u0219i al pl\u0103\u021bii serviciilor dezvoltatorului conform contractului. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest caz, instalarea unei noi actualiz\u0103ri majore a sistemului de operare duce adesea la \u00eentreruperea func\u021bion\u0103rii acestor aplica\u021bii job-is-done. Procesele de afaceri se opresc, iar dezvoltatorii sunt angaja\u021bi din nou p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103toarea problem\u0103. Aceea\u0219i situa\u021bie apare atunci c\u00e2nd dezvoltatorii corporativi nu reu\u0219esc s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i adapteze la timp aplica\u021biile pentru noul sistem de operare sau c\u00e2nd o nou\u0103 versiune a aplica\u021biei este deja disponibil\u0103, dar utilizatorii nu au instalat-o \u00eenc\u0103. Printre solu\u021biile men\u021bionate se num\u0103r\u0103 sistemele de tip <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/safe-phone.ru\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=article_519670&amp;utm_term=UEM&amp;utm_campaign=blogpost_habr\">UEM<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>Sistemele UEM asigur\u0103 gestionarea eficient\u0103 a smartphone-urilor \u0219i tabletelor, instal\u00e2nd \u0219i actualiz\u00e2nd la timp aplica\u021biile pe dispozitivele angaja\u021bilor mobili. \u00cen plus, ele pot reveni la o versiune anterioar\u0103 a aplica\u021biei, dac\u0103 este necesar. Posibilitatea de a reveni la o versiune anterioar\u0103 este o caracteristic\u0103 exclusiv\u0103 a sistemelor UEM. Nici Google Play, nici App Store nu ofer\u0103 aceast\u0103 op\u021biune.<\/p>\n<p>Sistemele UEM pot bloca de la distan\u021b\u0103 sau am\u00e2na actualizarea firmware-ului dispozitivelor mobile. Comportamentul depinde de platform\u0103 \u0219i de produc\u0103torul dispozitivelor. Pe iOS, \u00een modul supervised (despre acest mod citi\u021bi \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/safe-phone.ru\/faq\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=article_519670&amp;utm_term=FAQ&amp;utm_campaign=blogpost_habr\">\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/a><\/noindex>), actualizarea poate fi am\u00e2nat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 90 de zile. Pentru aceasta, este suficient s\u0103 configura\u021bi politica de securitate corespunz\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<p>Pe dispozitivele Android produse de Samsung, actualizarea firmware-ului poate fi interzis\u0103 gratuit sau se poate folosi un serviciu suplimentar pl\u0103tit E-FOTA One, care permite specificarea actualiz\u0103rilor OS ce urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie instalate pe dispozitive. Aceasta le ofer\u0103 administratorilor ocazia de a verifica \u00een prealabil comportamentul aplica\u021biilor corporative pe noile firmware-uri ale dispozitivelor lor. \u00cen\u021beleg\u00e2nd complexitatea acestui proces, oferim clien\u021bilor no\u0219tri un serviciu bazat pe Samsung E-FOTA One, care include servicii de verificare a func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii aplica\u021biilor de afaceri \u021bint\u0103 pe modelele de dispozitive folosite de client. <\/p>\n<p>Pe dispozitivele Android ale altor produc\u0103tori, din p\u0103cate, o func\u021bionalitate similar\u0103 nu exist\u0103. <br \/>\nInterzicerea sau am\u00e2narea actualiz\u0103rii acestora se poate face doar prin intermediul unor amenin\u021b\u0103ri de tipul: <br \/>\n<i>\u201eStima\u021bi utilizatori! Nu actualiza\u021bi dispozitivele dumneavoastr\u0103. Acest lucru poate duce la nefunc\u021bionarea aplica\u021biilor. \u00cen cazul nerespect\u0103rii acestei reguli, solicit\u0103rile dumneavoastr\u0103 c\u0103tre serviciul de asisten\u021b\u0103 tehnic\u0103 nu vor fi considerate\/ascultate!\u201d<\/i>.<\/p>\n<h3>O alt\u0103 recomandare<\/h3>\n<p>\nFi\u021bi la curent cu \u0219tirile \u0219i blogurile corporative ale produc\u0103torilor de sisteme de operare, dispozitive \u0219i platforme UEM. Anul acesta, Google a decis <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.google\/products\/android-enterprise\/work-profile-new-standard-employee-privacy\/\">s\u0103 renun\u021be<\/a><\/noindex> la suportul uneia dintre strategiile mobile posibile, \u0219i anume dispozitivul complet gestionat cu profil de lucru. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen spatele acestui nume lung se afl\u0103 urm\u0103torul scenariu: <\/p>\n<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 la Android 10, sistemele UEM gestionau complet <i>dispozitivul<\/i> <b>\u0218i<\/b> profilul <i>de lucru (container)<\/i>, \u00een care sunt con\u021binute aplica\u021biile \u0219i datele corporative. <br \/>\n\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu Android 11, este posibil un control complet asupra <b>SAU<\/b> <i>dispozitivul<\/i> <b>SAU<\/b> <i>profilului de lucru (containerului)<\/i>. <\/p>\n<p>Google explic\u0103 noile modific\u0103ri cu privire la protec\u021bia datelor utilizatorilor \u0219i la propriile sale interese financiare. Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 un container, datele utilizatorului trebuie s\u0103 fie \u00een afara vederii \u0219i controlului angajatorului. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen practic\u0103, acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 nu mai este posibil s\u0103 se determine loca\u021bia dispozitivelor corporative sau s\u0103 se instaleze aplica\u021bii necesare utilizatorului pentru munc\u0103, dar care nu necesit\u0103 s\u0103 fie plasate \u00een container pentru a proteja datele corporative. Fie trebuie s\u0103 renun\u021b\u0103m la container...<\/p>\n<p>Google sus\u021bine c\u0103 un astfel de acces la spa\u021biul personal a \u00eendep\u0103rtat 38% dintre utilizatori de la instalarea UEM. Acum, furnizorii de UEM trebuie s\u0103 accepte ceea ce li se ofer\u0103. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristicile actualiz\u0103rilor firmware-ului pentru dispozitive mobile\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/ddb3ddb67c928881811afe7ef96c4c2f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNe-am preg\u0103tit din timp pentru noile modific\u0103ri \u0219i anul acesta vom oferi o versiune nou\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/safe-phone.ru\/?utm_source=habr&amp;utm_medium=article_519670&amp;utm_term=SafePhone&amp;utm_campaign=blogpost_habr\">SafePhone<\/a><\/noindex>, care va \u021bine cont de noile cerin\u021be ale Google. <\/p>\n<h2>Fapte mai pu\u021bin cunoscute<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen \u00eencheiere, \u00eenc\u0103 c\u00e2teva fapte pu\u021bin cunoscute despre actualizarea sistemelor de operare mobile.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Firmware-ul pe dispozitivele mobile poate fi uneori restaurat. Analiz\u00e2nd termenii de c\u0103utare, fraza \u201ecum s\u0103 restaurez Android\u201d este c\u0103utat\u0103 mai frecvent dec\u00e2t \u201eactualizarea Android\u201d. Pare imposibil, dar uneori este totu\u0219i posibil. Tehnic, protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva restaur\u0103rii se bazeaz\u0103 pe un contor intern, care nu cre\u0219te cu fiecare versiune de firmware. \u00cen cadrul acelea\u0219i valori a acestui contor, restaurarea devine posibil\u0103. Aceasta se refer\u0103 la Android. \u00cen iOS, situa\u021bia este pu\u021bin diferit\u0103. De pe site-ul produc\u0103torului (sau din numeroasele sale oglinzi) po\u021bi desc\u0103rca o imagine iOS pentru o versiune specific\u0103 a unui model specific. Pentru a-l instala prin cablu folosind iTunes, Apple trebuie s\u0103 semneze firmware-ul. De obicei, \u00een primele c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni dup\u0103 lansarea unei noi versiuni de iOS, Apple semneaz\u0103 versiunile anterioare ale firmware-ului, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t utilizatorii ale c\u0103ror dispozitive au probleme dup\u0103 actualizare s\u0103 poat\u0103 reveni la o versiune mai stabil\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen vremurile \u00een care comunitatea jailbreak nu s-a dispersat \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eentre companii mari, era posibil s\u0103 modifici versiunea afi\u0219at\u0103 a iOS \u00een unul dintre plist-urile sistemului. Astfel, era posibil, de exemplu, s\u0103 faci iOS 6.2 din iOS 6.3 \u0219i invers. De ce era nevoie de acest lucru, vom explica \u00eentr-unul dintre urm\u0103toarele articole.<\/li>\n<li>Este evident\u0103 dragostea general\u0103 a produc\u0103torilor pentru programul de flashing pentru smartphone-uri Odin. Nu s-a creat \u00eenc\u0103 un instrument mai bun pentru flashing. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nScrie\u021bi-ne, discut\u0103m... poate v\u0103 putem ajuta.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/niisokb\/blog\/519670\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 CyanogenMod, \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 TWRP \u0438\u043b\u0438 jailbreak. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 IT-\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0451\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0439. \u041e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u00bb \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041b\u0438\u043a\u0411\u0435\u0437 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":94736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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Unii aleg s\u0103 instaleze CyanogenMod, \u00een timp ce al\u021bii nu se simt st\u0103p\u00e2ni pe dispozitive f\u0103r\u0103 TWRP sau jailbreak.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/osobennosti-obnovlenij-proshivki-mobilnyh-ustrojstv","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0438 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