{"id":94771,"date":"2020-09-21T13:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T11:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/predstavlena-platforma-precursor-dlya-sozdaniya-svobodnyh-mobilnyh-ustrojstv"},"modified":"2020-09-21T13:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-09-21T11:42:19","slug":"predstavlena-platforma-precursor-dlya-sozdaniya-svobodnyh-mobilnyh-ustrojstv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/predstavlena-platforma-precursor-dlya-sozdaniya-svobodnyh-mobilnyh-ustrojstv","title":{"rendered":"A fost prezentat\u0103 platforma Precursor pentru crearea de dispozitive mobile libere","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Andrew Huang (Andrew Huang<\/a><\/noindex>), cunoscut activist pentru promovarea ideilor de hardware liber, distins cu premiul Premiul EFF Pioneer 2012<\/a><\/noindex>, a prezentat<\/a><\/noindex> platforma deschis\u0103 «Precursor<\/a><\/noindex>«, destinat\u0103 cre\u0103rii conceptelor de noi dispozitive mobile. La fel cum Raspberry Pi \u0219i Arduino permit dezvoltarea dispozitivelor pentru internetul obiectelor, Precursor \u00ee\u0219i propune s\u0103 ofere oportunitatea de a proiecta \u0219i asambla manual diverse dispozitive mobile pentru a-\u0219i atinge scopurile.<\/p>\n

Spre deosebire de alte proiecte, Precursor ofer\u0103 entuzia\u0219tilor nu doar o plac\u0103, ci un prototip complet de dispozitiv portabil cu un corp din aluminiu de dimensiuni 69 x 138 x 7.2 mm, un ecran LCD (336×536), baterie (1100 mAh Li-Ion), tastatur\u0103 miniatural\u0103, difuzor, motor vibrator, accelerometru \u0219i giroscop. Modulul de calcul nu vine cu un procesor gata preg\u0103tit, ci cu un SoC programabil bazat pe FPGA Xilinx XC7S50, pe baza c\u0103ruia este organizat\u0103 simularea unui CPU RISC-V pe 32 de bi\u021bi care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la 100MHz. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, nu exist\u0103 restric\u021bii \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te simularea altor componente hardware, de exemplu, poate fi simulat\u0103 func\u021bionarea diferitelor procesoare, de la 6502 \u0219i Z-80 la AVR \u0219i ARM, precum \u0219i a chipurilor audio \u0219i diferitelor controale. Placa include 16 MB SRAM, 128 MB Flash, Wi-Fi Silicon Labs WF200C, USB type C, SPI, I\u00b2C, GPIO.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Printre caracteristicile legate de securitate se remarc\u0103 prezen\u021ba a dou\u0103 generatoare hardware de numere pseudo-aleatorii. Este interesant de men\u021bionat c\u0103 dispozitivul este livrat \u00een principiu f\u0103r\u0103 un microfon \u00eencorporat - se preconizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 recep\u021bia sunetului este posibil\u0103 doar prin conectarea explicit\u0103 a unei c\u0103\u0219ti, iar dac\u0103 c\u0103\u0219tile sunt deconectate, este imposibil din punct de vedere fizic s\u0103 se organizeze ascultarea, chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul \u00een care software-ul dispozitivului a fost compromis. <\/p>\n

Chip-ul pentru comunica\u021bii wireless (Wi-Fi) este izolat fizic de restul platformei \u0219i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentr-un mediu separat. Pentru a proteja \u00eempotriva accesului neautorizat, este folosit \u0219i un carcasa \u00eenchis\u0103, un RTC separat pentru monitorizarea integrit\u0103\u021bii, monitorizarea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor \u00een modul de standby (accelerometru \u0219i giroscop mereu active). Este prev\u0103zut\u0103 de asemenea o circuit de autodistrugere \u0219i \u0219tergere instantanee a tuturor datelor, activat\u0103 cu ajutorul unei chei AES.<\/p>\n

Pentru descrierea componentelor hardware se folose\u0219te limbajul FHDL Migen<\/a><\/noindex> (Fragmentat Hardware Description Language), bazat pe Python. Migen face parte din cadrul LiteX<\/a><\/noindex>, care ofer\u0103 infrastructura pentru crearea de circuite electronice. Pe baza Precursor, folosind FPGA \u0219i LiteX, a fost preg\u0103tit un SoC de referin\u021b\u0103 Betrusted<\/a><\/noindex>, care include un CPU VexRISC-V RV32IMAC de 100 MHz, precum \u0219i un controller \u00eencorporat
\nBetrusted-EC cu un nucleu de 18 MHz LiteX VexRISC-V RV32I.
\n

\"A<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

\u00cen SoC Betrusted este inclus un set \u00eencorporat de primitive criptografice, cum ar fi generatorul de numere aleatoare, AES-128, -192, -256 \u00een modurile ECB, CBC \u0219i CTR, SHA-2 \u0219i SHA-512, motor criptografic<\/a><\/noindex> bazat pe curbe eliptice Curve25519. Motorul criptografic este scris \u00een SystemVerilog \u0219i se bazeaz\u0103 pe nucleele criptografice ale proiectului Google OpenTitan<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Precursor este pozi\u021bionat ca o platform\u0103 pentru crearea \u0219i verificarea prototipurilor, \u00een timp ce Betrusted reprezint\u0103 unul dintre dispozitivele mobile gata de utilizare, create pe baza Precursor. Deoarece enclavele tradi\u021bionale, utilizate pentru stocarea izolat\u0103 a cheilor criptografice, nu protejeaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva atacurilor de nivel \u00eenalt, cum ar fi colectarea parolelor prin intermediul keylogger-elor sau accesul la mesaje prin capturi de ecran, \u00een Betrusted implementarea enclavei include elemente de interac\u021biune cu utilizatorul (HCI<\/a><\/noindex>, Interac\u021biune Om-Machine), garant\u00e2nd c\u0103 datele secrete pe care le poate citi o persoan\u0103 nu vor fi niciodat\u0103 salvate, afi\u0219ate sau transmise \u00een afara dispozitivului protejat. <\/p>\n

Betrusted nu \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 un telefon mobil, ci formeaz\u0103 doar o enclav\u0103 sigur\u0103 cu intr\u0103ri \u0219i ie\u0219iri disponibile pentru audit. De exemplu, un smartphone extern poate fi utilizat prin Wi-Fi ca un canal de transmisie nesigur, dar mesajele criptate transmise sunt introduse doar pe tastatura \u00eencorporat\u0103 a dispozitivului Betrusted, iar mesajele primite sunt afi\u0219ate doar pe ecranul \u00eencorporat.<\/p>\n

Toate componentele Precursor \u0219i Betrusted sunt deschise \u0219i disponibile pentru modific\u0103ri \u0219i experimente sub licen\u021ba Open Hardware Licence 1.2<\/a><\/noindex>, care impune publicarea tuturor lucr\u0103rilor derivate sub aceea\u0219i licen\u021b\u0103. De asemenea, sunt disponibile scheme<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i documenta\u021bia complet\u0103 de proiectare pentru pl\u0103cile principale \u0219i auxiliare<\/a><\/noindex>, implementarea gata SoC Betrusted<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i controlerului<\/a><\/noindex> (EC<\/a><\/noindex>). Sunt disponibile modele pentru imprimarea 3D a carcasei. Sub form\u0103 de proiecte deschise se dezvolt\u0103 de asemenea un set de firmware-uri<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i specializatul sistem de operare<\/a><\/noindex> Xous pe baz\u0103 de microkernel.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u042d\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044e \u0425\u0443\u0430\u043d (Andrew Huang), \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 EFF Pioneer Award 2012, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 «Precursor«, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041f\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a Raspberry Pi \u0438 Arduino \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439, Precursor \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":94772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47 A fost lansat\u0103 platforma Precursor pentru crearea de dispozitive mobile libere | ProHoster","description":"Andrew Huang, cunoscut activist pentru promovarea ideilor de hardware liber, a fost 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