{"id":96089,"date":"2020-10-08T01:42:23","date_gmt":"2020-10-07T23:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii"},"modified":"2020-10-08T01:42:23","modified_gmt":"2020-10-07T23:42:23","slug":"gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii","title":{"rendered":"GitOps: un alt termen la mod\u0103 sau o bre\u0219\u0103 \u00een automatizare?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: un alt termen la mod\u0103 sau o bre\u0219\u0103 \u00een automatizare?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e42c60efdb714359314bcb597a7132e4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cei mai mul\u021bi dintre noi, observ\u00e2nd un nou termen \u00een blogosfera IT sau la o conferin\u021b\u0103, mai devreme sau mai t\u00e2rziu se \u00eentreab\u0103: \u201cCe \u00eenseamn\u0103 asta? Un cuv\u00e2nt la mod\u0103 sau cu adev\u0103rat ceva ce merit\u0103 aten\u021bie, studiu \u0219i promite noi orizonturi?\u201d Acel lucru mi s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u0219i mie cu termenul <em>GitOps<\/em> . \u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u00e2nd dintr-o mul\u021bime de articole existente \u0219i folosindu-m\u0103 de cuno\u0219tin\u021bele colegilor din companie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/\">GitLab<\/a><\/noindex>, am \u00eencercat s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleg ce este acest concept \u0219i cum poate fi aplicat \u00een practic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Apropo, despre noutatea termenului <em>GitOps<\/em> vorbe\u0219te \u0219i un sondaj pe care l-am realizat recent: mai mult de jum\u0103tate dintre responden\u021bi nu au \u00eenceput s\u0103 lucreze cu principiile acestuia.<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/embedd.srv.habr.com\/iframe\/5f7c326d51ad1fc9585b089c\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, problema gestion\u0103rii infrastructurii nu este nou\u0103. Numero\u0219i furnizori de servicii cloud sunt disponibili publicului de mai bine de un deceniu \u0219i, \u00een aparen\u021b\u0103, ar fi trebuit s\u0103 fac\u0103 munca echipelor responsabile cu infrastructura u\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i lipsit\u0103 de complica\u021bii. Totu\u0219i, comparativ cu procesul de dezvoltare a aplica\u021biilor (unde nivelul de automatizare atinge noi \u0219i noi culmi), proiectele de infrastructur\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 includ frecvent multe sarcini efectuate manual \u0219i necesit\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u0219i speciali\u0219ti specializa\u021bi, mai ales av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere cerin\u021bele moderne privind rezilien\u021ba, flexibilitatea, scalabilitatea \u0219i elasticitatea.<\/p>\n<p>Serviciile cloud au \u00eendeplinit cu succes aceste cerin\u021be \u0219i anume ele au dat un impuls semnificativ dezvolt\u0103rii abord\u0103rii <em>IaC<\/em>. Este u\u0219or de \u00een\u021beles. \u00centruc\u00e2t ele au oferit posibilitatea de a configura un centru de date complet virtual: f\u0103r\u0103 servere fizice, rack-uri, componente de re\u021bea; \u00eentreaga infrastructur\u0103 poate fi descris\u0103 prin scripturi \u0219i fi\u0219iere de configurare.<\/p>\n<p>Deci, care este de fapt diferen\u021ba <em>GitOps<\/em> de la <em>IaC<\/em>? \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>GitOps<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>IaC<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00centregul cod este stocat \u00een repository-ul git<\/p>\n<p>Versionarea codului nu este obligatorie<\/p>\n<p>Descrierea declarativ\u0103 a codului \/ Idempotent<\/p>\n<p>Se accept\u0103 at\u00e2t descrierea declarativ\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i cea imperativ\u0103 <\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103rile intr\u0103 \u00een vigoare folosind mecanisme de Merge Request \/ Pull Request <\/p>\n<p>Aprobarea, confirmarea \u0219i colaborarea nu sunt obligatorii<\/p>\n<p>Procesul de implementare a actualiz\u0103rilor este automatizat<\/p>\n<p>Procesul de implementare a actualiz\u0103rilor nu este normalizat (automat, manual, copiere de fi\u0219iere, utiliz\u00e2nd linia de comand\u0103 etc.)<\/p>\n<p>Cu alte cuvinte <em>GitOps<\/em> a ap\u0103rut \u00een lume datorit\u0103 aplic\u0103rii principiilor <em>IaC<\/em>. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, infrastructura \u0219i configura\u021biile puteau acum fi stocate exact ca aplica\u021biile. Codul este u\u0219or de p\u0103strat, de distribuit, de comparat \u0219i de utilizat cu caracteristicile versiunii. Versiuni, ramuri, istorie. \u0218i toate acestea \u00eentr-un spa\u021biu accesibil \u00eentregii echipe. De aceea, utilizarea sistemelor de control al versiunilor a fost o dezvoltare logic\u0103. \u00cen special, git, ca fiind cel mai popular.<\/p>\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, a ap\u0103rut posibilitatea de a automatiza procesele de gestionare a infrastructurii. Acum acest lucru poate fi realizat mai repede, mai sigur \u0219i mai ieftin. Cu at\u00e2t mai mult cu c\u00e2t principiile CI\/CD erau deja cunoscute \u0219i populare \u00een r\u00e2ndul dezvoltatorilor de software. Era nevoie doar s\u0103 transfer\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 aplic\u0103m cuno\u0219tin\u021bele \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bile deja cunoscute \u00een noua cale. Aceste practici, totu\u0219i, dep\u0103\u0219eau defini\u021bia standard a Infrastructurii ca text, de unde a ap\u0103rut termenul <em>GitOps<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: un alt termen la mod\u0103 sau o bre\u0219\u0103 \u00een automatizare?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/aadc2dede7df79dd439ba2cd2b269268.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Curiozitatea <em>GitOps<\/em>, desigur, const\u0103 \u0219i \u00een faptul c\u0103 acesta nu este un produs, un plugin sau o platform\u0103 legat\u0103 de vreun vendor. Este mai degrab\u0103 o paradigm\u0103 \u0219i un set de principii, similar cu alt termen familiar: DevOps.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen compania <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/\">GitLab<\/a><\/noindex> am dezvoltat dou\u0103 defini\u021bii pentru acest nou termen: teoretic\u0103 \u0219i practic\u0103. S\u0103 \u00eencepem cu cea teoretic\u0103:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>GitOps \u2014 este o metodologie care utilizeaz\u0103 principii avansate de DevOps, aplicate \u00een dezvoltarea aplica\u021biilor, cum ar fi controlul versiunilor, colaborarea, acordul, CI\/CD, \u0219i le aplic\u0103 pentru a solu\u021biona sarcinile de automatizare a gestion\u0103rii infrastructurii.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Toate procesele <em>GitOps<\/em> func\u021bioneaz\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd instrumentele deja existente. Tot codul infrastructurii este stocat \u00een deja familiarul repository git, modific\u0103rile trec prin acela\u0219i proces de armonizare ca orice alt cod software, iar procesul de release este automatizat, ceea ce permite minimizarea erorilor umane, sporind fiabilitatea \u0219i reproducibilitatea.<\/p>\n<p>Din punct de vedere practic, descriem <em>GitOps<\/em> \u00een urm\u0103torul mod:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: un alt termen la mod\u0103 sau o bre\u0219\u0103 \u00een automatizare?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/899036066a7c3f48d3b2077b3898c2a8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Infrastructura ca text am discutat deja ca una dintre componentele cheie ale acestei formule. S\u0103-i imagin\u0103m pe ceilal\u021bi participan\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>Merge Request (cunoscut \u0219i sub denumirea de Pull Request). \u00cen cadrul procesului MR \u2014 este o solicitare de aplicare a modific\u0103rilor de cod \u0219i de ulterioare fuziuni ale ramurilor. Dar, \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te instrumentele pe care le folosim \u2014 este mai degrab\u0103 o oportunitate de a ob\u021bine o imagine de ansamblu a tuturor modific\u0103rilor aduse: nu doar dif-ul de cod, compilat dintr-un anumit num\u0103r de comitere, ci \u0219i contextul, rezultatele testelor, rezultatul final a\u0219teptat. Dac\u0103 discut\u0103m despre codul infrastructural, atunci suntem interesa\u021bi de modul \u00een care se va schimba infrastructura, c\u00e2te resurse noi vor fi ad\u0103ugate sau \u0219terse, modificate. Ar fi de dorit s\u0103 fie \u00eentr-un format mai convenabil \u0219i u\u0219or de citit. \u00cen cazul furnizorilor de cloud, ar fi bine s\u0103 \u0219tim ce consecin\u021be financiare va avea aceast\u0103 modificare.<\/p>\n<p>Dar MR \u2014 este \u0219i un mijloc de colaborare, interac\u021biune, comunicare. Locul unde intr\u0103 \u00een ac\u021biune sistemul de echilibrare a puterii. De la comentarii simple p\u00e2n\u0103 la aprob\u0103ri formale \u0219i valid\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i ultima component\u0103: CI\/CD, a\u0219a cum \u0219tim deja, ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a automatiza procesul de modificare a infrastructurii, testarea (de la verificarea simpl\u0103 a sintaxei p\u00e2n\u0103 la analizele statice mai complexe ale codului). De asemenea, \u00een continuare, identificarea derapajului: diferen\u021bele dintre starea real\u0103 \u0219i cea dorit\u0103 a sistemului. De exemplu, \u00een urma modific\u0103rilor manuale neautorizate sau a defec\u021biunilor sistemului.<\/p>\n<p>Da, termenul <em>GitOps<\/em> nu ne introduce \u00een nimic absolut nou, nu reinventeaz\u0103 roata, ci pur \u0219i simplu aplic\u0103 experien\u021ba acumulat\u0103 \u00een domenii noi. Dar acesta este tocmai puterea sa.<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i dac\u0103, dintr-o dat\u0103, ve\u021bi fi interesa\u021bi s\u0103 vede\u021bi cum arat\u0103 totul \u00een practic\u0103, v\u0103 invit s\u0103 viziona\u021bi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/34tRpwZ\">atelierul nostru<\/a><\/noindex>, \u00een care explic pas cu pas cum, cu ajutorul GitLab:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>S\u0103 implement\u0103m principiile de baz\u0103 ale GitOps<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>S\u0103 cre\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 facem modific\u0103ri \u00een infrastructura cloud (pe exemplul Yandex Cloud)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>S\u0103 automatiz\u0103m detectarea derapajului sistemului de la starea dorit\u0103 cu ajutorul monitoriz\u0103rii active<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"GitOps: un alt termen la mod\u0103 sau o bre\u0219\u0103 \u00een automatizare?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/7e9b9d0ffab214371578edbb56e209be.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>https:\/\/bit.ly\/34tRpwZ<\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/gitlab\/blog\/522236\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0432 IT \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c: \u201c\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e? \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u201cbuzzword\u201d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u044b?\u201d \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c GitOps \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":96090,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044f.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/gitops-ocherednoj-modnyj-termin-ili-proryv-v-avtomatizaczii\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47GitOps: \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438? 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