{"id":96584,"date":"2020-10-12T19:43:37","date_gmt":"2020-10-12T17:43:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sravnenie-uslug-colocation"},"modified":"2020-10-12T19:43:37","modified_gmt":"2020-10-12T17:43:37","slug":"sravnenie-uslug-colocation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sravnenie-uslug-colocation","title":{"rendered":"Compararea serviciilor de colocation","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Realiz\u0103m \u00een mod regulat studii de pia\u021b\u0103, \u00eentocmim tabele cu pre\u021buri \u0219i o mul\u021bime de parametri pentru zeci de centre de date. Ne-am g\u00e2ndit c\u0103 nu ar trebui s\u0103 l\u0103s\u0103m aceste date s\u0103 se piard\u0103. Unele persoane pot g\u0103si utile datele \u00een sine, iar altele pot folosi structura ca baz\u0103. \u00cen tabele <\/u><\/a><\/noindex>sunt prezente date din 2016. Dar au fost pu\u021bine tabele, a\u0219a c\u0103 am realizat \u0219i grafice \u0219i calculator de tarife pentru g\u0103zduirea serverelor<\/u><\/a><\/noindex>, plus c\u0103 am completat cu date deschise din agen\u021bia fiscal\u0103 despre cifrele de afaceri, impozite \u0219i angaja\u021bi, date din RIPE (statut LIR, subre\u021bele \u0219i num\u0103rul total de IPv4) \u0219i date din clasamentul ping-admin (Uptime \u0219i incidente).<\/p>\n

Cine a fost inclus \u00een selec\u021bie<\/h3>\n

\u00cen tabelul din septembrie 2020 au fost incluse toate companiile care se afl\u0103 \u00een TOP-20 \u00een Yandex \u0219i Google, care sunt prezente acolo \u00een locurile de publicitate \u0219i care au pre\u021buri pe site. Dac\u0103 o companie nu este activ\u0103 sau nu are pre\u021buri disponibile la cerere, atunci cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu poate fi considerat\u0103 o concuren\u021b\u0103 pe pia\u021ba deschis\u0103. O asemenea companie poate avea chiar comenzi mari, de exemplu, de la stat, dar aceasta este o c\u00e2ntare separat\u0103, acolo poate fi chiar lider, dar acest lucru nu are leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu competi\u021bia de pe pia\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 o parte din pre\u021buri sunt ascunse, datele nu sunt afi\u0219ate \u00een acest interval. De exemplu, dac\u0103 se spune c\u0103 \u00een tarif este inclus 350W sau 100Mbit\/s sau 1 adres\u0103 IP \u0219i nu sunt pre\u021buri pentru puterea suplimentar\u0103, l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 sau adrese IPv4 suplimentare.<\/p>\n

Problemele form\u0103rii pre\u021burilor<\/h3>\n

Ceea ce i-a deranjat cel mai mult pe clien\u021bi \u00een pre\u021burile pentru serviciile de colocation erau costurile ascunse. A fost o problem\u0103 uria\u0219\u0103 \u00een anii 2000 cu traficul. Nimeni nu \u0219tia dinainte c\u00e2t va fi traficul s\u0103u \u0219i to\u021bi se temeau s\u0103 \"aib\u0103 probleme\". Dar, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, nu exist\u0103 minuni. Costul de 100Mbit atunci era de aproximativ 50 000 de ruble. Acum gigabitul cost\u0103 deja mai pu\u021bin. Timpul trece, iar formarea pre\u021burilor este \u00eenc\u0103 foarte neclar\u0103 pentru mul\u021bi, iar pe site-urile furnizorilor nu exist\u0103 o list\u0103 de pre\u021buri exhaustiv\u0103. Tarifele sunt stabilite diferit, \u00een func\u021bie de anumi\u021bi parametri, pot fi mai avantajoase la un furnizor, iar la cre\u0219terea parametrilor, devin mai avantajoase la altul. <\/p>\n

\u0218i, desigur, nu trebuie uitat c\u0103 pre\u021bul nu este singurul indicator. Trebuie s\u0103 ne uit\u0103m \u0219i la altele, de\u0219i este mai complicat de comparat. Ihor a ajuns cumva \u00een tabelul nostru. Nu am vrut s\u0103-l adaug chiar \u00een baz\u0103. Dar apoi m-am g\u00e2ndit c\u0103 ar fi un exemplu negativ, o companie cu un singur angajat, 22 de mii taxe \u0219i 43 de mii contribu\u021bii, destul de reprezentativ. Dar, \u201eoameni consum\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tendin\u021bele \u0219i problemele generale ale pie\u021bei<\/h3>\n

Graficele arat\u0103 vizual tendin\u021ba general\u0103 a pie\u021bei.<\/p>\n

\"Compararea<\/p>\n

Primul grafic arat\u0103 dependen\u021ba costului de putere, av\u00e2nd acelea\u0219i celelalte parametri. Puterea este o tem\u0103 delicat\u0103 at\u00e2t pentru clien\u021bi, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru centrele de date. Electricitatea este unul dintre principalele componente ale cheltuielilor lunare ale centrelor de date, iar tarifele pentru aceasta sunt constant crescute de guvern. De\u0219i electricitatea ieftin\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, produc\u021bie, locuri de munc\u0103 \u0219i taxe. Se pare c\u0103 suntem o superputere energetic\u0103, dar nu se poate spune c\u0103 avem pre\u021buri foarte competitive \u00een compara\u021bie cu centrele de date occidentale.<\/p>\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, banii sunt percepu\u021bi pentru aer, deoarece se calculeaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de puterea nominal\u0103, nu de cea consumat\u0103. Este complicat \u0219i costisitor s\u0103 se calculeze puterea consumat\u0103 a unui server, este nevoie de un contor pe fiecare priz\u0103. Dar, pe de alt\u0103 parte, un server ar putea func\u021biona aproape la \u00eentreaga capacitate a sursei de alimentare. De asemenea, trebuie s\u0103 \u021binem cont c\u0103 la puterea consumat\u0103 a serverului trebuie s\u0103 ad\u0103ug\u0103m 30% pentru r\u0103cire, 10% pentru UPS-uri industriale \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 10% pentru iluminat \u0219i nevoi de birou. Dar v\u0103 voi dezv\u0103lui un secret, \u00een medie, un server consum\u0103 100W, deoarece la rack se aloc\u0103 5kW \u0219i aceasta este suficient. <\/p>\n

Marea majoritate a providerilor de g\u0103zduire percep taxe pentru putere. Dar pe pia\u021b\u0103 exist\u0103 \u0219i cei care nu percep. Evident, presa are totu\u0219i o limit\u0103. Nu se poate ob\u021bine un megawatt la pre\u021bul de plasare a unei unit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n

La unii dintre cei care nu percep taxe pentru putere, pe site-uri \u00eent\u00e2lnim men\u021biuni c\u0103 serverele GPU, blade-urile \u0219i alte echipamente sunt plasate la tarife separate.<\/p>\n

\"Compararea<\/p>\n

Al doilea grafic arat\u0103 dependen\u021ba costului de viteza portului. Viteza canalelor este \u0219i ea un subiect mai complicat dec\u00e2t electricitatea. Elecricitatea nu are no\u021biunea de calitate. Poate s\u0103 fluctueze, dar pentru asta exist\u0103 UPS+DG. \u00cens\u0103 dou\u0103 canale de dou\u0103 gigabi\u021bi pot avea calit\u0103\u021bi foarte diferite. Unul poate redirec\u021biona totul c\u0103tre un schimb, av\u00e2nd o vizibilitate slab\u0103, laten\u021be mari \u0219i restric\u021bii pentru traficul interna\u021bional. Iar pentru canale nu exist\u0103 nici UPS, nici DG pentru astfel de situa\u021bii. Prin urmare, compararea pre\u021burilor pentru canale este o activitate practic inutil\u0103. <\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd am realizat cercet\u0103ri de pia\u021b\u0103 cu privire la costul unui gigabit \u00een Moscova, ni s-au pus \u00eentreb\u0103ri: \u201eCe tip de trafic va fi?\u201d, \u201eCe v\u00e2rfuri sunt?\u201d. <\/p>\n

La nivel interoperator, exist\u0103 de asemenea haos cu pre\u021burile. Canalele sunt foarte diferite at\u00e2t \u00een costuri, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een calitate.<\/p>\n

Ce trebuie s\u0103 ave\u021bi \u00een vedere<\/h3>\n

Trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103, desigur, nu poate exista o opinie corect\u0103 unic\u0103, totul depinde de sarcin\u0103, \u0219i chiar \u0219i \u00een astfel de sarcini, fiecare decide, \u00een final, care riscuri \u00ee\u0219i asum\u0103 \u0219i care nu. <\/p>\n

\u00cen opinia noastr\u0103, certificarea Tier III conteaz\u0103. \u0218i nu doar \u00een opinia noastr\u0103, deoarece reclame sunt pline de Tier III. Pute\u021bi c\u0103uta \u00een Yandex: \u201eplasarea serverului \u00een centru de date\u201d, ap\u0103sa\u021bi Ctrl+F \u0219i num\u0103ra\u021bi c\u00e2te ori apare cuv\u00e2ntul Tier. <\/p>\n

\u00cens\u0103 cu aceast\u0103 certificare \u0219i pozi\u021bionarea ca Tier III, mul\u021bi au c\u0103zut \u00eentr-o capcan\u0103. Un centru de date normal pe Tier III este acela care are trei certificate: pentru proiect, pentru capacit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i pentru operare, iar ultimul trebuie confirmat la fiecare doi ani. Iar mul\u021bi nu au nici m\u0103car certificatul pentru proiect. <\/p>\n

Cifra de afaceri este reprezentat\u0103 de companii mari \u0219i mici. De ce nu exist\u0103 companii medii? Avantajele \u0219i dezavantajele companiilor mari \u0219i mici sunt clare. Multe companii mari, de altfel, nu se ocup\u0103 deloc cu retailul de mici dimensiuni. Ele sunt orientate c\u0103tre clien\u021bi mari \u0219i v\u00e2nd serviciul de colocation doar pe baz\u0103 de rack-uri. \u0218i este corect. C\u00e2nd am fost \u00een BST, erau mereu deranja\u021bi de marketingul nostru. Pur \u0219i simplu nu erau capabili \u0219i nu puteau oferi un bun serviciu de retail. Acesta este un business \u0219i servicii diferite. Nu po\u021bi bate cuie de pantof cu un ciocan. Din partea mea, a\u0219 spune c\u0103, \u00een condi\u021bii egale, sus\u021bine\u021bi micile afaceri pentru diversitate \u0219i competi\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Concluzie<\/h3>\n

Nu to\u021bi au fost inclu\u0219i \u00een baza de date. Prin urmare, pute\u021bi trimite date despre cine ar trebui s\u0103 fie ad\u0103ugat. Dar cei care doresc s\u0103 fie inclu\u0219i trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 pre\u021buri pe site.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 cunoa\u0219te\u021bi alte surse de date care ar trebui \u00eenc\u0103rcate, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 ne anun\u021ba\u021bi, vom \u00eencerca s\u0103 le ad\u0103ug\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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