{"id":97071,"date":"2020-10-16T02:42:16","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T00:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/krupnejshaya-svobodnaya-elektronnaya-biblioteka-vyhodit-v-mezhplanetnoe-prostranstvo"},"modified":"2020-10-16T02:42:16","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T00:42:16","slug":"krupnejshaya-svobodnaya-elektronnaya-biblioteka-vyhodit-v-mezhplanetnoe-prostranstvo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/krupnejshaya-svobodnaya-elektronnaya-biblioteka-vyhodit-v-mezhplanetnoe-prostranstvo","title":{"rendered":"Cea mai mare bibliotec\u0103 electronic\u0103 liber\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i extinde orizonturile \u00een spa\u021biul interplanetar","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Cea<\/p>\n

Library Genesis \u2014 o veritabil\u0103 bijuterie a Internetului. Biblioteca online, care ofer\u0103 acces liber la peste 2,7 milioane de c\u0103r\u021bi, a f\u0103cut \u00een aceast\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 o mi\u0219care a\u0219teptat\u0103. Una dintre oglinzile web ale bibliotecii ofer\u0103 acum posibilitatea de a desc\u0103rca fi\u0219iere prin IPFS \u2014 un sistem de fi\u0219iere distribuit.<\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, colec\u021bia de c\u0103r\u021bi Library Genesis a fost \u00eenc\u0103rcat\u0103 \u00een IPFS, pinat\u0103 \u0219i conectat\u0103 la c\u0103utare. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 acum a devenit pu\u021bin mai greu s\u0103 le refuzi oamenilor accesul la mo\u0219tenirea noastr\u0103 cultural\u0103 \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 comun\u0103.<\/p>\n

Despre LibGen<\/h2>\n

La \u00eenceputul anilor 2000, \u00een internetul \u00eenc\u0103 liber de reglement\u0103ri existau zeci de colec\u021bii de c\u0103r\u021bi \u0219tiin\u021bifice. Cele mai mari colec\u021bii pe care mi le amintesc \u2014 KoLXo3, mehmat \u0219i mirknig \u2014 con\u021bineau p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2007 zeci de mii de manuale, publica\u021bii \u0219i alte importante fi\u0219iere djvu \u0219i pdf pentru studen\u021bi.<\/p>\n

La fel ca orice alte depozite de fi\u0219iere, aceste colec\u021bii sufereau de probleme comune de navigare. Biblioteca Colhoz, de exemplu, exista pe 20+ de CD-uri. Partea cea mai c\u0103utat\u0103 a bibliotecii era mutat\u0103 manual de seniori \u00een spa\u021biul de fi\u0219iere al c\u0103minului, iar dac\u0103 aveai nevoie de ceva rar, vai de tine! Cel pu\u021bin, ajungeai s\u0103 pl\u0103te\u0219ti pentru berea proprietarului discurilor.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, colec\u021biile erau totu\u0219i de dimensiuni considerabile. \u0218i de\u0219i c\u0103utarea dup\u0103 numele fi\u0219ierelor se \u00eempotmolea adesea \u00een creativitatea creatorului fi\u0219ierului, printr-o scanare manual\u0103 temeinic\u0103, putea fi extras\u0103 cartea dorit\u0103 dup\u0103 eforturi semnificative.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 2008, pe rutracker.ru (atunci torrents.ru), un entuziast a publicat torrente care au adunat colec\u021biile de c\u0103r\u021bi existente \u00eentr-o mare gr\u0103mad\u0103. \u00cen acest thread, s-a g\u0103sit o persoan\u0103 care a \u00eenceput o munc\u0103 laborioas\u0103 de sistematizare a fi\u0219ierelor postate \u0219i de creare a unei interfe\u021be web. A\u0219a a ap\u0103rut Library Genesis.<\/p>\n

De atunci, din 2008 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, LibGen a evoluat \u0219i \u0219i-a \u00eembog\u0103\u021bit rafturile de c\u0103r\u021bi cu ajutorul comunit\u0103\u021bii. Metadatele c\u0103r\u021bilor au fost editate \u0219i apoi salvate \u0219i distribuite sub form\u0103 de dump-uri MySQL pentru to\u021bi cei interesa\u021bi. Atitudinea altruist\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de metadate a dus la apari\u021bia unui num\u0103r mare de oglinzi \u0219i la cre\u0219terea viabilit\u0103\u021bii \u00eentregului proiect, \u00een ciuda fragment\u0103rii crescute.<\/p>\n

Un moment important \u00een via\u021ba bibliotecii a fost oglindirea bazei de date Sci-Hub, \u00eenceput\u0103 \u00een 2013. Datorit\u0103 colabor\u0103rii celor dou\u0103 sisteme, \u00eentr-un singur loc s-a concentrat un set de date f\u0103r\u0103 precedent ca \u0219i calitate \u2014 c\u0103r\u021bi \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i literare \u00eempreun\u0103 cu publica\u021bii \u0219tiin\u021bifice. Am o b\u0103nuial\u0103 c\u0103 un singur dump al bazei comune LibGen \u0219i Sci-Hub va fi suficient pentru a restabili progresul \u0219tiin\u021bific \u0219i tehnologic al civiliza\u021biei \u00een cazul unei pierderi \u00een urma unei catastrofe.<\/p>\n

Ast\u0103zi, biblioteca se men\u021bine destul de bine, av\u00e2nd o interfa\u021b\u0103 web care permite c\u0103utarea \u00een colec\u021bie \u0219i desc\u0103rcarea fi\u0219ierelor g\u0103site.<\/p>\n

LibGen \u00een IPFS<\/h2>\n

\u0218i de\u0219i semnifica\u021bia social\u0103 a LibGen este evident\u0103, la fel de evidente sunt motivele pentru care biblioteca se afl\u0103 constant sub amenin\u021barea \u00eenchiderii. Acest lucru \u00eei determin\u0103 pe \u00eentre\u021bin\u0103torii oglinzilor s\u0103 caute noi modalit\u0103\u021bi de a asigura sustenabilitatea. Una dintre aceste modalit\u0103\u021bi a fost publicarea colec\u021biei \u00een IPFS.<\/p>\n

IPFS a ap\u0103rut relativ de mult. La tehnologia sa, la apari\u021bie, s-au pus mari speran\u021be \u0219i nu toate s-au \u00eendeplinit. Cu toate acestea, dezvoltarea re\u021belei continu\u0103, iar apari\u021bia LibGen \u00een cadrul acesteia poate \u00eencuraja influxul de for\u021be noi \u0219i poate beneficia re\u021beaua \u00eens\u0103\u0219i.<\/p>\n

Simplific\u00e2nd la maximum, IPFS poate fi numit\u0103 un sistem de fi\u0219iere \u00eentins pe un num\u0103r nelimitat de noduri din re\u021bea. Participan\u021bii la re\u021beaua peering pot salva fi\u0219iere la ei \u00een\u0219i\u0219i \u0219i le pot distribui celor din jur. Adresarea fi\u0219ierelor se realizeaz\u0103 nu prin c\u0103i, ci prin hash-ul con\u021binutului fi\u0219ierului. <\/p>\n

Cu ceva timp \u00een urm\u0103, participan\u021bii LibGen au anun\u021bat hash-urile IPFS \u0219i au \u00eenceput s\u0103 distribuie fi\u0219iere. \u00cen aceast\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, linkurile c\u0103tre fi\u0219iere \u00een IPFS au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 \u00een rezultatele de c\u0103utare ale unor oglinzi LibGen. \u00cen plus, datorit\u0103 ac\u021biunilor activi\u0219tilor echipei Internet Archive \u0219i acoperirii evenimentelor pe reddit, acum se observ\u0103 un influx de seeduri suplimentare at\u00e2t \u00een IPFS, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru a distribui torrenturile originale.<\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103 nu este clar dac\u0103 hash-urile IPFS vor ap\u0103rea \u00een dumps-urile bazei LibGen, dar pare c\u0103 acest lucru este de a\u0219teptat. Posibilitatea de a desc\u0103rca metadatele colec\u021biei \u00eempreun\u0103 cu hash-urile IPFS va reduce pragmaticitatea cre\u0103rii unei oglinzi proprii, va spori stabilitatea \u00eentregii biblioteci \u0219i va aduce mai aproape de realizarea visului fondatorilor bibliotecii.<\/p>\n

P.S. Pentru cei care doresc s\u0103 ajute proiectul, a fost creat un resource freeread.org<\/a><\/noindex>, unde exist\u0103 instruc\u021biuni despre cum s\u0103 configurezi IPFS.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Library Genesis — \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043a 2.7 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433, \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 IPFS — \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 Library Genesis \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 IPFS, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0410 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":97072,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Cea mai mare bibliotec\u0103 electronic\u0103 liber\u0103 ajunge \u00een spa\u021biul interplanetar | 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