{"id":97104,"date":"2020-10-16T08:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T06:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov"},"modified":"2020-10-16T08:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T06:42:19","slug":"packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/packet-tracer-laboratornaya-rabota-nastrojka-plavayushhih-staticheskih-marshrutov","title":{"rendered":"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Topologia re\u021belei<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/d60e4594ba0528414e58fff3ccb1e8cd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Sarcini<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Crearea rutei statice principale implicite<\/li>\n<li>Implementarea rutei statice plutitoare<\/li>\n<li>Verificarea comut\u0103rii la ruta static\u0103 plutitoare \u00een cazul unei defec\u021biuni a rutei principale<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Informa\u021bii generale<\/h2>\n<p>\nDeci, pentru \u00eenceput, c\u00e2teva cuvinte despre ce este o rut\u0103 static\u0103, \u0219i \u00een plus plutitoare. Spre deosebire de rutarea dinamic\u0103, rutarea static\u0103 necesit\u0103 construirea manual\u0103 a rutei c\u0103tre o re\u021bea specific\u0103. Ruta static\u0103 plutitoare ofer\u0103 o cale de rezerv\u0103 c\u0103tre re\u021beaua de destina\u021bie \u00een caz de e\u0219ec a rutei principale.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen exemplul nostru, routerul \u201eEdge\u201d are doar rute direct conectate la re\u021belele ISP1, ISP2, LAN_1 \u0219i LAN_2.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/a696205f8c9e062d9ada51fda3de9e21.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Crearea rutei statice principale implicite<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cenainte de a vorbi despre ruta de rezerv\u0103, trebuie, mai \u00eent\u00e2i, s\u0103 construim ruta principal\u0103. S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 ruta principal\u0103 de la routerul de frontier\u0103 va trece prin ISP1 c\u0103tre re\u021beaua Internet, \u00een timp ce ruta prin ISP2 va fi de rezerv\u0103. Pentru aceasta, pe routerul de frontier\u0103, \u00een modul de configurare global\u0103, vom defini ruta static\u0103 implicit\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#conf t\nEdge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0\/0\/0 \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nunde:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>primele 32 de bi\u021bi de zero \u2014 adresa re\u021belei de destina\u021bie; <\/li>\n<li>cei din urm\u0103 32 de bi\u021bi de zero \u2014 masca de re\u021bea; <\/li>\n<li>s0\/0\/0 \u2014 interfa\u021ba de ie\u0219ire a routerului de frontier\u0103, care este conectat\u0103 la re\u021beaua ISP1. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAceast\u0103 \u00eenregistrare spune c\u0103, dac\u0103 pachetele care ajung la routerul de frontier\u0103 din re\u021belele LAN_1 sau LAN_2 con\u021bin adresa re\u021belei de destina\u021bie, care nu este \u00een tabela de rutare, vor fi trimise prin interfa\u021ba s0\/0\/0. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/bc28d8bfebe2fc75d81ab0817588ba15.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nS\u0103 verific\u0103m tabela de rutare a routerului de frontier\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 trimitem o solicitare de ecou pe <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/\"   title=\"server web\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1158\">server web<\/a> de la PC-A sau PC-B:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/9cad9e3ba223c822c5e8d5f87e55e5b9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/f38b705b02f9c820bc1eb6db23276e19.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nObserv\u0103m c\u0103 \u00een tabela de rutare a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o \u00eenregistrare a rutei statice implicite (ceea ce demonstreaz\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea S*). Vom efectua o urm\u0103rire a rutei de la PC-A sau PC-B p\u00e2n\u0103 la site-ul web-<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3663\">server<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/449b5e7228c87f188d421378a5e2465c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPrimul salt se face de la PC-B la adresa IP local\u0103 a routerului de frontier\u0103 192.168.11.1. Al doilea salt \u2014 de la routerul de frontier\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10.10.10.1 (ISP1). Am re\u021binut, mai departe vom compara s\u0103riturile.<\/p>\n<h2>Implementarea rutei statice plutitoare<\/h2>\n<p>\nDeci, ruta static\u0103 principal\u0103 a fost creat\u0103. Apoi, vom crea ruta static\u0103 flotant\u0103 prin re\u021beaua ISP2. Procesul de creare a rutei statice flotante nu difer\u0103 de cel al rutei statice standard, cu excep\u021bia faptului c\u0103, \u00een primul caz, se specific\u0103 suplimentar distan\u021ba administrativ\u0103. Distan\u021ba administrativ\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 gradul de fiabilitate al rutei. Distan\u021ba administrativ\u0103 a rutei statice este de 1, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 prioritate absolut\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de protocoalele de rutare dinamic\u0103, care au o distan\u021b\u0103 administrativ\u0103 mult mai mare, cu excep\u021bia rutelor locale - pentru care distan\u021ba administrativ\u0103 este 0. Astfel, atunci c\u00e2nd se creeaz\u0103 o rut\u0103 static\u0103 flotant\u0103, ar trebui s\u0103 se indique o distan\u021b\u0103 administrativ\u0103 mai mare de 1, de exemplu, 5. \u00cen acest fel, ruta flotant\u0103 nu va avea prioritate fa\u021b\u0103 de ruta static\u0103 principal\u0103, dar \u00een momentul \u00een care aceasta devine inaccesibil\u0103, ruta implicit\u0103 va fi considerat\u0103 principal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/9929fbcf1bb5d27609d41cb1355142d9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSintaxa pentru configurarea rutei statice flotante este urm\u0103toarea:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0\/0\/1 5<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nunde: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 este valoarea distan\u021bei administrative;<\/li>\n<li>s0\/0\/1 este interfa\u021ba de ie\u0219ire a routerului de frontier\u0103, conectat\u0103 la re\u021beaua ISP2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVreau s\u0103 men\u021bionez c\u0103 <u>at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t ruta principal\u0103 este activ\u0103, ruta static\u0103 flotant\u0103 nu va fi afi\u0219at\u0103 \u00een tabela de rutare.<\/u>Pentru a fi mai conving\u0103tor, s\u0103 afi\u0219\u0103m con\u021binutul tabelului de rutare \u00een momentul \u00een care ruta principal\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 corect:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/e2d4a77200450fcee35a9046c2c6998f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSe observ\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een tabela de rutare este \u00een continuare afi\u0219at\u0103 ruta static\u0103 principal\u0103 implicit\u0103 cu interfa\u021ba de ie\u0219ire Serial0\/0\/0 \u0219i nu apare nicio alt\u0103 rut\u0103 static\u0103 \u00een tabela de rutare.<\/p>\n<h2>Verificarea comut\u0103rii la ruta static\u0103 plutitoare \u00een cazul unei defec\u021biuni a rutei principale<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Acum vine partea interesant\u0103:<\/b> s\u0103 simul\u0103m o defec\u021biune a rutei principale. Acest lucru poate fi realizat dezactiv\u00e2nd interfa\u021ba la nivel software sau pur \u0219i simplu rup\u00e2nd conexiunea dintre router \u0219i ISP1. Dezactiv\u0103m interfa\u021ba Serial0\/0\/0 a rutei principale:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#conf t\nEdge_Router(config)#int s0\/0\/0\nEdge_Router(config-if)#shutdown\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u2026 \u0219i imediat mergem s\u0103 verific\u0103m tabela de rutare:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/961f636462173a5551194c78378782e1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00cen imaginea de mai sus, se poate observa c\u0103, dup\u0103 o defec\u021biune a rutei statice principale, interfa\u021ba de ie\u0219ire Serial0\/0\/0 s-a schimbat \u00een Serial0\/0\/1. La prima trasare pe care am efectuat-o anterior, urm\u0103torul salt de la routerul de frontier\u0103 a fost c\u0103tre adresa IP 10.10.10.1. S\u0103 compar\u0103m tranzi\u021biile, efectu\u00e2nd o trasare repetat\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd ruta de rezerv\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/5b204b0a79c5ea416622b3ff5c954bee.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAcum, trecerea de la routerul de frontier\u0103 la serverul web se face prin adresa IP 10.10.10.5 (ISP2).<\/p>\n<p>Desigur, rutele statice pot fi vizualizate afi\u0219\u00e2nd configura\u021bia curent\u0103 a routerului:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">Edge_Router&gt;en\nEdge_Router#show run\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Packet Tracer. Lucru de laborator: Configurarea rutelor statice plutitoare\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/a4bca44fd296c69f69b6e75c421c0ab0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/523534\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":97105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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