{"id":97403,"date":"2020-10-18T02:42:36","date_gmt":"2020-10-18T00:42:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/turing-pi-klasternaya-plata-dlya-self-hosted-prilozhenij-i-servisov"},"modified":"2020-10-18T02:42:36","modified_gmt":"2020-10-18T00:42:36","slug":"turing-pi-klasternaya-plata-dlya-self-hosted-prilozhenij-i-servisov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/turing-pi-klasternaya-plata-dlya-self-hosted-prilozhenij-i-servisov","title":{"rendered":"Turing Pi is a cluster board for self-hosted applications and services.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Turing
\n
\nTuring Pi este o solu\u021bie pentru aplica\u021bii self-hosted construit\u0103 pe principiul rack-urilor din centrele de date, dar pe o plac\u0103 de baz\u0103 compact\u0103. Solu\u021bia este orientat\u0103 spre construirea unei infrastructuri locale pentru dezvoltarea local\u0103 \u0219i g\u0103zduirea aplica\u021biilor \u0219i serviciilor. Pe scurt, este ca AWS EC2, dar pentru edge.<\/p>\n

Suntem o echip\u0103 mic\u0103 de dezvoltatori care am decis s\u0103 cre\u0103m o solu\u021bie pentru construirea de clustere bare-metal \u00een edge \u0219i am numit proiectul Turing Pi. Produsul a \u00eenceput ca un experiment, dar acum, pentru verificarea conceptelor sale, a fost comandat de departamentele de dezvoltare de la Red Hat, Rancher (SUSE), Toyota Connected, Sony, Electrolux, Facebook \u0219i atrage o audien\u021b\u0103 de aproape 10K de dezvoltatori. <\/p>\n

Dar totul a \u00eenceput cu o descoperire.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Descoperirea produsului<\/h2>\n

\nC\u00e2ndva am realizat c\u0103 nu invent\u0103m nimic. Toate lucrurile existente \u00een aceast\u0103 lume sunt descoperite. Descoperim c\u0103 anumite p\u0103r\u021bi pot fi combinate \u00eempreun\u0103, ob\u021bin\u00e2nd noi propriet\u0103\u021bi ale produselor sau descoperim legi \u0219i apoi combin\u0103m din nou. Nu putem inventa nimic, dar putem descoperi \u00een timpul cercet\u0103rii. Din punctul meu de vedere, inventarea este rezultatul observa\u021biilor constante, experimentelor \u0219i c\u0103ut\u0103rii + combina\u021biei de cuno\u0219tin\u021be.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ultimul deceniu, am observat cum cre\u0219te mi\u0219carea amatorilor de homelab (resurse subreddit<\/a><\/noindex>), self-hosted (resurse subreddit<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i awesome-selfhosted<\/a><\/noindex>), computere cu un singur placaj, cum cre\u0219te interesul pentru rularea containerelor pe computere cu un singur placaj de tip Raspberry Pi, \u0219i cum se dezvolt\u0103 mi\u0219carea de a construi clustere din computere cu un singur placaj. Treptat, ideea Kubernetes a \u00eenceput s\u0103 capteze interesul. A ap\u0103rut deja o versiune u\u0219oar\u0103, k3s, axat\u0103 pe Edge\/IoT. O mare re\u021bea de restaurante de tip fast-food, Chick-fil-A, este printre primele din lume care au implementat clustere Kubernetes \u00een buc\u0103t\u0103riile lor. kubectl make me a sandwich<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

O v\u0103d ca pe un bulg\u0103re de z\u0103pad\u0103, cum o tehnologie se \u00eenv\u00e2rte \u00een jurul alteia, cre\u00e2nd un sistem mai complex. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, nu exist\u0103 haos, ci mai degrab\u0103 pare a fi un fractal de tehnologii. \u00centr-unul dintre momentele destul de dificile din via\u021ba mea, am v\u0103zut valoarea clustrelor construite din computere cu un singur placaj de dezvoltatori amatori \u0219i am \u00eenceput s\u0103 lucrez la crearea unei pl\u0103ci de cluster.<\/p>\n

Ast\u0103zi, placa noastr\u0103 de cluster este foarte simpl\u0103 \u0219i este orientat\u0103 \u00een principal spre cei care iubesc tehnologiile cloud native, care doresc s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be lucruri noi \u0219i s\u0103 experimenteze.<\/p>\n

Blocuri de construc\u021bie (Building Blocks)<\/h2>\n

\nA\u0219adar, ce reprezint\u0103 aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie, care este esen\u021ba. Esen\u021ba este de a oferi un constructor, blocuri de construc\u021bie (Building Blocks) din care se poate crea o infrastructur\u0103 edge mai ieftin\u0103 dec\u00e2t pe servere clasice, mobil\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 casete metalice voluminoase, nepreten\u021bioas\u0103 la condi\u021bii speciale de exploatare, cum ar fi cele de server, eficient\u0103 din punct de vedere energetic, standardizat\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te modulele \u0219i cu posibilitatea de scalare rapid\u0103 la zeci \u0219i sute de noduri de calcul (procesoare).<\/p>\n

Placa Cluster (Clusterboard)<\/b><\/p>\n

Placa Mini ITX une\u0219te mai multe module de calcul printr-o re\u021bea pe plac\u0103, oferind interfe\u021be periferice \u0219i control asupra modulelor<\/p>\n

Modul de calcul (Compute Module)<\/b><\/p>\n

Plac\u0103 \u00een format SO-DIMM care con\u021bine procesorul \u0219i memorie RAM, op\u021bional flash-memorii pentru stocarea sistemului de operare<\/p>\n

\"Turing
\nUna dintre configura\u021biile proiectate pentru versiunea Turing V2<\/p>\n

\"Turing<\/p>\n

Combin\u00e2nd placa cluster \u0219i modulele de calcul, este u\u0219or s\u0103 creezi o infrastructur\u0103, de exemplu, cu 20+ procesoare (exemple mai jos), silen\u021bioas\u0103 \u0219i cu un consum de energie redus. Placa cluster \u00een sine cre\u0219te eficien\u021ba volumului utilizat. Exemple de clustere pentru compara\u021bie<\/p>\n

Bazat pe SBC*
\n\"Turing
\n24 CPU-uri
\nAutor Afkham Azeez<\/p>\n

Bazat pe Turing Pi
\n\"Turing
\n21 CPU-uri
\nAutor th3st0rmtr00p3r<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

* SBC \u2014 Computer pe o singur\u0103 plac\u0103<\/p>\n

Co-fondator al Rancher Labs \u0219i autor al k3s, acest concept nu l-a l\u0103sat indiferent<\/p>\n

\"Turing
\n
\nMai departe, detalii despre blocurile de construc\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Modul de Calcul (Compute Module)<\/h2>\n

\nPentru verificarea conceptului, am ales Raspberry Pi Compute Module, aceasta fiind configura\u021bia ideal\u0103 pentru start. Comunitatea RPi este activ\u0103, nu sunt probleme legate de software, iar modulul \u00een format SO-DIMM (6 x 3 cm) este accesibil, con\u021bin\u00e2nd un CPU cu 4 nuclee, 1 GB RAM \u0219i op\u021bional memorie flash de 8, 16 sau 32 GB pentru sistemul de operare \u0219i alte necesit\u0103\u021bi sistemice. Acest tip de format este folosit frecvent \u00een solu\u021bii IoT industriale.<\/p>\n

Raspberry Pi 1\/3\/3+ Compute Module<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Turing
\n
\nDar modelul CM3 are \u0219i limit\u0103ri serioase \u2014 max. 1 GB RAM \u0219i Ethernet prin HUB USB cu o vitez\u0103 maxim\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 100 Mbps. De aceea, a doua versiune Turing va sus\u021bine Raspberry Pi 4 \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la 8 GB de memorie RAM pe modul. Mai jos un exemplu de module Nvidia Jetson pentru sarcini de calcul accelerate. Este posibil s\u0103 le suport\u0103m \u00een a doua versiune, dac\u0103 putem rezolva anumite probleme tehnice, atunci putem mixa modulele.<\/p>\n

Module de Calcul Nvidia Jetson<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Turing
\n
\nModulele ascund cea mai important\u0103 posibilitate, care la prima vedere nu este evident\u0103. Posibilitatea de a crea alte module \u00eentr-un format similar cu diferite configura\u021bii de CPU, RAM \u0219i eMMC, pentru diferite tipuri de sarcini, de la calcul general p\u00e2n\u0103 la calcul intens pentru \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea ma\u0219inii. Acest lucru este foarte asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu instan\u021bele AWS EC2, dar doar pentru edge. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, placa de cluster r\u0103m\u00e2ne neschimbat\u0103 sau cu modific\u0103ri minore.<\/p>\n

Placa Cluster (Clusterboard)<\/h2>\n

\nO mai po\u021bi numi plac\u0103 de baz\u0103 sau plac\u0103 de mother, un domeniu destul de nou \u0219i produc\u0103torii de solu\u021bii similare sunt pu\u021bini \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 la un nivel destul de incipient, printre ei num\u0103r\u00e2ndu-se Pine64, MiniNodes, Clover Pi, Bitscope Blade, PicoCluster (clustere SBC). Placa de cluster conecteaz\u0103 modulele prin re\u021bea, asigur\u0103 alimentarea \u0219i ofer\u0103 un bus de gestionare a clusterului (Cluster Management Bus), cel pu\u021bin acest bus am decis s\u0103-l ad\u0103ug\u0103m \u0219i pare c\u0103 a prins bine.<\/p>\n

Frontal
\n\"Turing<\/p>\n

Spate
\n\"Turing<\/p>\n

L\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a backplane-ului 12 Gbps
\nSloturi SD pentru module f\u0103r\u0103 eMMC, de exemplu, po\u021bi p\u0103stra c\u00e2teva module cu SD pentru un acces rapid la datele nodului<\/p>\n

La baz\u0103 pl\u0103cii de cluster se afl\u0103 un chip switch pentru a asigura conectivitatea re\u021belei modulelor \u0219i accesul la re\u021beaua extern\u0103. \u00cen versiunea actual\u0103, folosim un unmanaged switch deoarece nu a fost timp pentru a efectua un R&D complet, dar \u00een a doua versiune am ales un managed switch de bun\u0103 calitate. Este posibil\u0103 configurarea \u00eentr-un mod 'nod principal ca router' pentru a distribui re\u021beaua c\u0103tre plac\u0103, dac\u0103 se necesit\u0103 un nivel mai ridicat de securitate \u0219i izolarea lucr\u0103torilor de accesul extern, \u00een acest caz, pe nodul principal trebuie s\u0103 men\u021binem de asemenea un server DHCP.<\/p>\n

Aplicare<\/h2>\n

\nVersiunea curent\u0103 este experimental\u0103 \u0219i o pozi\u021bion\u0103m ca o solu\u021bie de nivel de \u00eenceput pentru a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba ce sunt clusterele, pentru a lucra cu software-ul sau ca testare a ipotezelor \u00een organiza\u021bii, c\u0103ut\u00e2nd idei noi, \u00een general o astfel de versiune Lite.<\/p>\n

Pentru a \u00eencepe, recomand\u0103m seria unuia extraordinar, Jeff Geerling, care a citit despre noi pe Y Combinator, el este autorul bestseller-ului Ansible for DevOps. A fost at\u00e2t de inspirat \u00eenc\u00e2t a realizat un review \u00een 6 episoade \u00eencep\u00e2nd de la ideea de clustering \u00een general p\u00e2n\u0103 la exemple practice de lucru cu placa, \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u00e2nd Kubernetes \u0219i ce software poate fi instalat.<\/p>\n

Seria despre instalarea k3s pe cluster<\/b>
\n

\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

De fapt, recomand s\u0103 urm\u0103ri\u021bi de la prima, acolo este vorba \u00een general despre clustering \u0219i Kubernetes, \u00eentr-un limbaj accesibil. \u0218i pu\u021bin imagini din comunitate.<\/p>\n

\"Turing
\n<\/p>\n

Ce urmeaz\u0103?<\/h2>\n

\n\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, sper foarte mult c\u0103 a fost interesant. Acesta este un con\u021binut complet original, o \u00eencercare de a privi dincolo de orizont. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, inten\u021bionez s\u0103 scriu a doua parte despre proiectarea Turing V2. Cum a avut loc c\u0103utarea produsului, ra\u021bionamentele logice, identificarea caracteristicilor principale care sunt importante. Articolul va con\u021bine schi\u021be ale produsului de la cele mai timpurii p\u00e2n\u0103 la cele finale. A doua parte va fi deosebit de interesant\u0103 pentru cei care se ocup\u0103 de produse \u0219i dezvoltarea acestora \u00een companii.<\/p>\n

\u0218i cel mai probabil va fi un adev\u0103rat long read.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Turing Pi \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f self-hosted \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 rack \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a AWS EC2 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f edge. \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f bare-metal \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 edge […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":97404,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Turing Pi \u2014 plac\u0103 de cluster pentru aplica\u021bii \u0219i servicii self-hosted | ProHoster","description":"Turing Pi este o 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