{"id":99320,"date":"2021-03-03T16:22:39","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T14:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/trudnoustranimye-uyazvimosti-v-grub2-pozvolyayushhie-obojti-uefi-secure-boot"},"modified":"2021-03-03T16:22:39","modified_gmt":"2021-03-03T14:22:39","slug":"trudnoustranimye-uyazvimosti-v-grub2-pozvolyayushhie-obojti-uefi-secure-boot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/trudnoustranimye-uyazvimosti-v-grub2-pozvolyayushhie-obojti-uefi-secure-boot","title":{"rendered":"Vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi greu de remediat \u00een GRUB2, care permit ocolirea UEFI Secure Boot","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Informa\u021bii despre 8 vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103torul GRUB2 care permit ocolirea mecanismului UEFI Secure Boot \u0219i ini\u021bierea codului nevalidat, cum ar fi introducerea unui malware care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivel de \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tor sau kernel.      <\/p>\n<p>Amintim c\u0103, \u00een majoritatea distribu\u021biilor Linux, pentru \u00eenc\u0103rcarea verificat\u0103 \u00een modul UEFI Secure Boot se folose\u0219te un strat mic, shim, semnat digital de Microsoft. Acest strat verific\u0103 GRUB2 cu propriul certificat, permi\u021b\u00e2nd dezvoltatorilor de distribu\u021bii s\u0103 nu semneze fiecare actualizare a kernelului \u0219i GRUB cu Microsoft. Vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile din GRUB2 permit executarea codului propriu \u00een etapa de dup\u0103 verificarea cu succes a shim-ului, dar \u00eenainte de \u00eenc\u0103rcarea sistemului de operare, interpun\u00e2ndu-se \u00een lan\u021bul de \u00eencredere \u00een modul Secure Boot activ \u0219i ob\u021bin\u00e2nd control complet asupra procesului de \u00eenc\u0103rcare, inclusiv \u00eenc\u0103rcarea unei alte OS, modificarea componentelor sistemului de operare \u0219i ocolirea protec\u021biei Lockdown.     <\/p>\n<p>La fel ca \u00een cazul vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bii BootHole de anul trecut, actualizarea \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103torului nu este suficient\u0103 pentru a bloca problema, deoarece atacatorul, indiferent de sistemul de operare utilizat, poate compromite UEFI Secure Boot folosind un suport de boot cu o versiune veche vulnerabil\u0103 a GRUB2, semnat\u0103 digital. Problema se rezolv\u0103 doar prin actualizarea listei certificatelor revocate (dbx, UEFI Revocation List), dar \u00een acest caz se va pierde posibilitatea de a utiliza vechile suporturi de instalare cu Linux.         <\/p>\n<p>Pe sistemele cu firmware-uri \u00een care a fost actualizat\u0103 lista certificatelor revocate, \u00een modul UEFI Secure Boot se vor putea \u00eenc\u0103rca doar versiunile actualizate ale distribu\u021biilor Linux. Distribu\u021biile vor trebui s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i actualizeze instalatoarele, \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103toarele, pachetele cu kernel, firmware-urile fwupd \u0219i stratul shim, gener\u00e2nd pentru acestea noi semn\u0103turi digitale. Utilizatorii vor trebui s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i actualizeze imaginile de instalare \u0219i alte suporturi de boot, precum \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eencarce lista certificatelor revocate (dbx) \u00een firmware-ul UEFI. P\u00e2n\u0103 la actualizarea dbx \u00een UEFI, sistemul r\u0103m\u00e2ne vulnerabil, indiferent de actualiz\u0103rile instalate \u00een OS. Starea remedierii vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor poate fi evaluat\u0103 pe aceste pagini: Ubuntu, SUSE, RHEL, Debian.    <\/p>\n<p>Pentru a rezolva problemele ap\u0103rute din distribuirea certificatelor revocate, \u00een viitor este planificat\u0103 implicarea mecanismului SBAT (UEFI Secure Boot Advanced Targeting), suportul c\u0103ruia este implementat pentru GRUB2, shim \u0219i fwupd, \u0219i \u00eencep\u00e2nd de la urm\u0103toarele actualiz\u0103ri va fi folosit \u00een locul func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii oferite de pachetul dbxtool. SBAT a fost dezvoltat \u00een colaborare cu Microsoft \u0219i implic\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea \u00een fi\u0219ierele executabile ale componentelor UEFI a unor metadate noi, care includ informa\u021bii despre produc\u0103tor, produs, component\u0103 \u0219i versiune. Aceste metadate sunt semnate digital \u0219i pot fi incluse suplimentar \u00een listele componentelor permise sau blocate pentru UEFI Secure Boot. Astfel, SBAT va permite manipularea numerelor versiunilor componentelor la revocare, f\u0103r\u0103 a necesita regenerarea cheilor pentru Secure Boot \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 a crea semn\u0103turi noi pentru nucleu, shim, grub2 \u0219i fwupd.             <\/p>\n<p>Vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile identificate:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2020-14372 \u2014 prin intermediul comenzii acpi \u00een GRUB2, un utilizator privilegiat al sistemului local poate \u00eenc\u0103rca tabele ACPI modificate, plas\u00e2nd SSDT (Secondary System Description Table) \u00een directorul \/boot\/efi \u0219i modific\u00e2nd set\u0103rile din grub.cfg. \u00cen ciuda activ\u0103rii modului Secure Boot, SSDT propus va fi executat de nucleu \u0219i poate fi utilizat pentru a dezactiva protec\u021bia LockDown, care blocheaz\u0103 c\u0103ile de ocolire a UEFI Secure Boot. \u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, atacatorul poate reu\u0219i s\u0103 \u00eencarce modulul s\u0103u de nucleu sau s\u0103 execute cod prin mecanismul kexec, f\u0103r\u0103 verificarea semn\u0103turii digitale.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2020-25632 \u2014 accesul la o zon\u0103 de memorie deja eliberat\u0103 (use-after-free) \u00een implementarea comenzii rmmod, manifest\u00e2ndu-se \u00een \u00eencercarea de a desc\u0103rca orice modul f\u0103r\u0103 a \u021bine cont de dependen\u021bele asociate. Vulnerabilitatea nu exclude crearea unui exploit care ar putea duce la executarea codului f\u0103r\u0103 a respecta verificarea Secure Boot.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2020-25647 \u2014 scrierea \u00een afara limitelor bufferului \u00een func\u021bia grub_usb_device_initialize(), apelat\u0103 \u00een timpul ini\u021bializ\u0103rii dispozitivelor USB. Problema poate fi exploatat\u0103 prin conectarea unui dispozitiv USB preg\u0103tit special, care ofer\u0103 parametrii de dimensiuni diferite de cele ale buffer-ului alocat pentru structurile USB. Atacatorul poate reu\u0219i s\u0103 execute cod nevalidat \u00een Secure Boot prin manipul\u0103ri cu dispozitivele USB.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2020-27749 \u2014 dep\u0103\u0219irea bufferului \u00een func\u021bia grub_parser_split_cmdline(), care poate fi provocat\u0103 prin specificarea \u00een linia de comand\u0103 GRUB2 a variabilelor de peste 1 KB. Vulnerabilitatea permite executarea codului f\u0103r\u0103 a respecta Secure Boot.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2020-27779 \u2014 comanda cutmem permite unui atacator s\u0103 \u0219terg\u0103 un interval de adrese din memorie pentru a ocoli Secure Boot.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2021-3418 \u2014 modific\u0103rile din shim_lock au creat un vector suplimentar pentru exploatarea vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bii din anul trecut CVE-2020-15705. La instalarea unui certificat utilizat pentru semnarea GRUB2 \u00een dbx, GRUB2 a permis \u00eenc\u0103rcarea oric\u0103rui nucleu direct, f\u0103r\u0103 a verifica semn\u0103tura.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2021-20225 \u2014 posibilitatea de a scrie date \u00een afara bufferului la executarea comenzilor cu un num\u0103r foarte mare de op\u021biuni.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2021-20233 \u2014 posibilitatea de a scrie date \u00een afara bufferului din cauza unei calcule gre\u0219ite a dimensiunii bufferului la utilizarea ghilpelor. La calcularea dimensiunii, s-a presupus c\u0103 pentru escaparea unei apostrof este necesar\u0103 o dimensiune de trei caractere, \u00een timp ce de fapt sunt necesare patru.    <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54691\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e 8 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435 GRUB2, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c UEFI Secure Boot \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u041e, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 UEFI Secure Boot \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 shim, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e Microsoft. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 GRUB2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e 8 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435 GRUB2, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c UEFI Secure Boot \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f 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