{"id":99353,"date":"2021-03-05T04:22:37","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T02:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12"},"modified":"2021-03-05T04:22:37","modified_gmt":"2021-03-05T02:22:39","slug":"google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12","title":{"rendered":"Google a prezentat cadrul Flutter 2 \u0219i limbajul Dart 2.12","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Compania Google a lansat framework-ul pentru construirea interfe\u021belor utilizator Flutter 2, care a marcat transformarea proiectului dintr-un framework pentru dezvoltarea aplica\u021biilor mobile \u00eentr-un framework universal pentru crearea oric\u0103rui tip de programe, inclusiv aplica\u021bii pentru sisteme desktop \u0219i aplica\u021bii web. <\/p>\n

Flutter este considerat o alternativ\u0103 la React Native \u0219i permite, pe baza unei singure baze de cod, lansarea de aplica\u021bii pentru diferite platforme, inclusiv iOS, Android, Windows, macOS \u0219i Linux, precum \u0219i aplica\u021bii care pot fi rulat\u0103 \u00een browsere. Aplica\u021biile mobile deja scrise \u00een Flutter 1 vor putea fi adaptate pentru utilizarea pe desktop \u0219i web \u00een urma tranzi\u021biei la Flutter 2, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi necesar\u0103 rescrierea codului. <\/p>\n

Partea principal\u0103 a codului Flutter este implementat\u0103 \u00een limbajul Dart, iar motorul runtime pentru executarea aplica\u021biilor este scris \u00een C++. Atunci c\u00e2nd se dezvolt\u0103 aplica\u021bii, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 limbajul nativ al Flutter, Dart, se poate utiliza interfa\u021ba Dart Foreign Function pentru a apela cod C\/C++. Performan\u021ba ridicat\u0103 a execu\u021biei este ob\u021binut\u0103 prin compilarea aplica\u021biilor \u00een cod ma\u0219in\u0103 pentru platformele \u021bint\u0103. \u00cen acest fel, programul nu trebuie s\u0103 fie recompilat dup\u0103 fiecare modificare \u2014 Dart ofer\u0103 un mod de re\u00eenc\u0103rcare \u00een timp real, care permite efectuarea de modific\u0103ri \u00eentr-o aplica\u021bie \u00een func\u021biune \u0219i evaluarea imediat\u0103 a rezultatului. <\/p>\n

Flutter 2 ofer\u0103 suport complet pentru crearea de aplica\u021bii web, adecvat pentru implement\u0103ri profesionale. Sunt men\u021bionate trei scenarii principale de utilizare a Flutter pentru web: dezvoltarea de aplica\u021bii web autonome (PWA, Aplica\u021bii Web Progresive), crearea de aplica\u021bii web cu o singur\u0103 pagin\u0103 (SPA, Aplica\u021bii cu o singur\u0103 pagin\u0103) \u0219i transformarea aplica\u021biilor mobile \u00een aplica\u021bii web. Printre caracteristicile instrumentelor de dezvoltare pentru web se num\u0103r\u0103 utilizarea mecanismelor de accelerare a red\u0103rii graficii 2D \u0219i 3D, organizarea flexibil\u0103 a elementelor pe ecran \u0219i motorul de redare CanvasKit compilat \u00een WebAssembly. <\/p>\n

Suportul pentru aplica\u021bii desktop se afl\u0103 \u00een faza de testare beta \u0219i va fi stabilizat \u00een acest an, \u00een una dintre urm\u0103toarele versiuni. Companiile Canonical, Microsoft \u0219i Toyota au anun\u021bat suport pentru dezvoltarea folosind Flutter. Canonical a ales Flutter ca principal framework pentru aplica\u021biile sale, aplic\u00e2ndu-l \u0219i \u00een dezvoltarea noului instalator pentru Ubuntu. Microsoft a adaptat Flutter pentru dispozitivele pliabile cu mai multe ecrane, cum ar fi Surface Duo. Toyota pl\u0103nuie\u0219te s\u0103 utilizeze Flutter pentru sistemele de infotainment auto. De asemenea, pe baza Flutter a fost construit\u0103 interfa\u021ba utilizator pentru sistemul de operare microkernel Fuchsia, dezvoltat de Google.

\"Google<\/center> <\/p>\n

De asemenea, a fost lansat\u0103 versiunea 2.12 a limbajului de programare Dart, \u00een care continu\u0103 dezvoltarea unei ramuri complet revizuite a Dart 2. Dart 2 se distinge de versiunea ini\u021bial\u0103 a limbajului Dart prin aplicarea tipiz\u0103rii statice puternice (tipurile pot fi inferate automat, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t specificarea acestora nu este obligatorie, \u00eens\u0103 tipizarea dinamic\u0103 nu mai este utilizat\u0103, iar tipul ini\u021bial calculat este asociat variabilei \u0219i supus unei verific\u0103ri stricte a tipului pe parcurs). <\/p>\n

Lansarea este remarcabil\u0103 prin stabilizarea modului de utilizare sigur al valorii \u201eNull\u201d (siguran\u021ba null), care permite evitarea pr\u0103bu\u0219irilor cauzate de \u00eencerc\u0103rile de a folosi variabile a c\u0103ror valoare nu este definit\u0103 \u0219i este setat\u0103 la \u201eNull\u201d. Modul implic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 variabilele nu pot avea valori nedefinite, dac\u0103 nu li se atribuie explicit valoarea null. \u00cen modul strict, se \u021bine cont de tipurile variabilelor, ceea ce permite compilatorului s\u0103 aplice optimiz\u0103ri suplimentare. Conformitatea tipurilor este verificat\u0103 \u00een etapa de compilare; de exemplu, \u00een cazul \u00eencerc\u0103rii de a atribui valoarea \u201eNull\u201d unei variabile de tip care nu permite o stare nedefinit\u0103, cum ar fi \u201eint\u201d, se va genera o eroare. <\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire important\u0103 a Dart 2.12 a fost implementarea stabil\u0103 a bibliotecii FFI, care permite crearea de cod performant, din care se poate accesa API-uri scrise \u00een limbajul C. Au fost efectuate optimiz\u0103ri de performan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i dimensiune. Au fost ad\u0103ugate instrumente pentru dezvoltatori \u0219i un sistem de profilare a codului scris folosind Flutter, precum \u0219i pluginuri noi pentru dezvoltarea aplica\u021biilor pe Dart \u0219i Flutter pentru Android Studio\/IntelliJ \u0219i VS Code.

\"Google<\/center>
\n
Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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