Curtea Suprem\u0103 a SUA a pronun\u021bat o hot\u0103r\u00e2re referitoare la procesul de lung\u0103 durat\u0103, care dureaz\u0103 din 2010, \u201eOracle versus Google\u201d, legat de utilizarea API-ului Java pe platforma Android. Curtea suprem\u0103 a stat de partea Google \u0219i a recunoscut c\u0103 utilizarea API-ului Java se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een categoria utiliz\u0103rii de bun\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103 (fair use). <\/p>\n
Instan\u021ba a convenit c\u0103 scopul Google a fost crearea unui sistem diferit, destinat s\u0103 rezolve probleme pentru un mediu de calcul diferit (smartphone-uri), iar dezvoltarea platformei Android a ajutat la realizarea \u0219i popularizarea acestui scop. Istoria arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 diferite moduri prin care reimplementarea unei interfe\u021be poate contribui la dezvoltarea ulterioar\u0103 a programelor informatice. Inten\u021biile Google au fost axate pe atingerea acestui progres creativ, men\u021binerea c\u0103ruia este principalul scop al dreptului de autor. <\/p>\n
Compania Google a preluat aproximativ 11.500 de linii din descrierile structurilor API, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 doar 0,4% din \u00eentreaga implementare API, care num\u0103r\u0103 2,86 milioane de linii. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere volumul \u0219i semnifica\u021bia por\u021biunii de cod utilizate, cele 11.500 de linii au fost considerate de instan\u021b\u0103 ca o parte mic\u0103 dintr-un \u00eentreg mult mai mare. \u00cen cadrul interfe\u021bei de programare, liniile copiate sunt str\u00e2ns legate de alte coduri (care nu apar\u021bin Oracle), utilizate de programatori. Compania Google a copiat por\u021biunea de cod \u00een cauz\u0103 nu din cauza perfec\u021biunii sau avantajelor func\u021bionale, ci deoarece oferea programatorilor oportunitatea de a folosi abilit\u0103\u021bile existente \u00eentr-un nou mediu de calcul pentru smartphone-uri. <\/p>\n
Reamintim c\u0103, \u00een 2012, un judec\u0103tor cu experien\u021b\u0103 \u00een programare a fost de acord cu pozi\u021bia Google \u0219i a stabilit c\u0103 arborele de nume al API-ului este parte a structurii comenzilor \u2014 un set de simboluri legate de o anumit\u0103 func\u021bie. Un astfel de set de comenzi este interpretat de legea drepturilor de autor ca fiind \u00een afara domeniului de aplicare al dreptului de autor, deoarece duplicarea structurii comenzilor este o condi\u021bie esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru asigurarea compatibilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i portabilit\u0103\u021bii. Prin urmare, identitatea r\u00e2ndurilor cu declara\u021biile \u0219i descrierile metodei nu conteaz\u0103 \u2014 pentru a realiza o func\u021bionalitate similar\u0103, numele func\u021biilor API-ului trebuie s\u0103 se potriveasc\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 func\u021bionalitatea \u00een sine este implementat\u0103 diferit. Exist\u0103 doar un singur mod de a exprima o idee sau o func\u021bie, a\u0219a c\u0103 oricine este liber s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 declara\u021bii identice, iar nimeni nu poate monopoliza astfel de exprim\u0103ri. <\/p>\n
Compania Oracle a formulat o contesta\u021bie \u0219i a ob\u021binut de la Curtea de Apel Federal\u0103 a SUA anularea deciziei \u2014 instan\u021ba de apel a stabilit c\u0103 API-ul Java este proprietatea intelectual\u0103 a Oracle. Dup\u0103 aceea, Google \u0219i-a schimbat tactica \u0219i a \u00eencercat s\u0103 demonstreze c\u0103 implementarea API-ului Java pe platforma Android se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een categoria utiliz\u0103rii de bun\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103, iar aceast\u0103 \u00eencercare a avut succes. Pozi\u021bia Google era c\u0103 crearea de software portabil nu necesit\u0103 achizi\u021bionarea unei licen\u021be pentru API, iar repetarea API-ului pentru a crea clone func\u021bionale compatibile se refer\u0103 la \u201eutilizarea de bun\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103\u201d. \u00cen opinia Google, clasificarea API-ului ca proprietate intelectual\u0103 va afecta negativ industria, deoarece submineaz\u0103 dezvoltarea inova\u021biilor, iar crearea de clone func\u021bionale compatibile ale platformelor software ar putea deveni obiectul unor procese judiciare. <\/p>\n
Compania Oracle a depus pentru a doua oar\u0103 o apelare, iar din nou cazul a fost revizuit \u00een favoarea sa. Instan\u021ba a decis c\u0103 principiul \u201eutiliz\u0103rii de bun\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103\u201d nu se aplic\u0103 Android-ului, deoarece aceast\u0103 platform\u0103 este dezvoltat\u0103 de compania Google cu scopuri comerciale, realizate nu prin v\u00e2nzarea direct\u0103 a produsului software, ci prin controlul asupra serviciilor conexe \u0219i publicit\u0103\u021bii. \u00cen acest context, Google \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 controlul asupra utilizatorilor printr-un API proprietar pentru interac\u021biunea cu serviciile sale, care nu poate fi utilizat pentru a crea omologuri func\u021bionale, adic\u0103 utilizarea Java API nu se limiteaz\u0103 la aplicarea non-comercial\u0103. Ca reac\u021bie, compania Google a depus o cerere la instan\u021ba superioar\u0103, iar Curtea Suprem\u0103 a SUA a revenit asupra chestiunii privind apartenen\u021ba interfe\u021belor de programare (API) la proprietatea intelectual\u0103, lu\u00e2nd o decizie final\u0103 \u00een favoarea Google. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0441 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 «Oracle \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 Google», \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Java API \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 Android. \u0421\u0443\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 Google \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 Java API \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (fair use). \u0421\u0443\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e Google \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Google a ob\u021binut victoria \u00een disputa cu Oracle legat\u0103 de Java \u0219i Android | ProHoster","description":"Curtea Suprem\u0103 a Statelor 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Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"