{"id":99713,"date":"2021-04-13T22:22:34","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T20:22:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-freebsd-13-0"},"modified":"2021-04-13T22:22:34","modified_gmt":"2021-04-13T20:22:34","slug":"reliz-freebsd-13-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/reliz-freebsd-13-0","title":{"rendered":"Lansare FreeBSD 13.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dup\u0103 aproximativ doi ani \u0219i jum\u0103tate de la formarea ramurii 12.x, a fost lansat\u0103 versiunea FreeBSD 13.0, care este preg\u0103tit\u0103 pentru arhitecturile amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 \u0219i riscv64. De asemenea, au fost create imagini pentru sistemele de virtualizare (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0219i pentru mediile cloud Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0219i Vagrant.        <\/p>\n<p>Nout\u0103\u021bi principale:    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost realizat\u0103 migrarea la implementarea unificat\u0103 c Linux a sistemului de fi\u0219iere ZFS din proiectul OpenZFS. Printre func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile disponibile acum \u00een FreeBSD dup\u0103 trecerea la OpenZFS se num\u0103r\u0103: sistem extins de cote, criptarea seturilor de date, selec\u021bia separat\u0103 a claselor de alocare a blocurilor (allocation classes), utilizarea instruc\u021biunilor procesorului vectorial pentru accelerarea implement\u0103rii RAIDZ \u0219i calcularea sumelor de control, suport pentru algoritmul de compresie ZSTD, modul multihost (MMP, Multi Modifier Protection), instrumente de linie de comand\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bite, \u0219i corectarea multor erori legate de condi\u021biile de competi\u021bie \u0219i blocajele.\n<li class=\"l\"> Portul pentru arhitectura ARM64 (AArch64) a fost trecut la primul nivel de suport (Tier 1), care se supune asisten\u021bei echipelor responsabile de eliminarea vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor, preg\u0103tirea lans\u0103rilor \u0219i men\u021binerea porturilor. Primul nivel de suport implic\u0103 crearea de configura\u021bii de instalare, actualiz\u0103ri binare \u0219i pachete gata preg\u0103tite, precum \u0219i oferirea unor garan\u021bii privind solu\u021bionarea problemelor specifice \u0219i men\u021binerea invariabilit\u0103\u021bii ABI pentru mediul utilizatorului \u0219i nucleu (cu excep\u021bia anumitor subsisteme).\n<li class=\"l\"> Arhitectura i386 a fost trecut\u0103 la al doilea nivel de suport al platformelor (Tier 2), care va continua s\u0103 creeze configura\u021bii de instalare, actualiz\u0103ri binare \u0219i pachete gata preg\u0103tite, dar nu garanteaz\u0103 solu\u021bionarea problemelor specifice. Tipul de CPU (CPUTYPE) pentru arhitectura i386 a fost schimbat implicit de la 486 la 686 (dac\u0103 este dorit, pot fi create configura\u021bii pentru i486 \u0219i i586).\n<li class=\"l\"> Componentele clang, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, llvm, libunwind \u0219i libc++ au fost actualizate la versiunea 11.        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dezvoltarea a fost mutat\u0103 din sistemul centralizat de gestionare a codului surs\u0103 Subversion \u00eentr-un sistem descentralizat Git.\n<li class=\"l\"> S-a realizat cur\u0103\u021barea sistemului de baz\u0103 de aplica\u021biile distribuite sub licen\u021ba GPL. \u00cen arborele surselor au fost eliminate binutils 2.17 \u0219i gcc 4.2.1, iar toate arhitecturile suportate au fost migrate la uneltele LLVM\/clang. Au fost incluse op\u021biuni ale utilitarelor grep \u0219i dtc (Device Tree Compiler) distribuite sub licen\u021ba BSD, care au \u00eenlocuit versiunile sub licen\u021ba GPL. Procesul de montare automat\u0103 amd a fost eliminat, iar func\u021bionalitatea sa este acum realizat\u0103 prin autofs. Utilitarul ctm a fost eliminat, fiind recomandat portul misc\/ctm.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost rescris stiva de rutare, care acum suport\u0103 obiecte nexthop ce stocheaz\u0103 informa\u021bii despre starea utilizat\u0103 pentru a transmite pachetele c\u0103tre destina\u021bia dorit\u0103. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a conecta algoritmi proprii de c\u0103utare a rutelor. Au fost incluse algoritmi de c\u0103utare a rutelor din DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit) librte, care permit optimizarea lucrului cu tabele de rutare foarte mari. Pentru solicit\u0103rile proxyarp a fost activat interfa\u021ba fib. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a modifica num\u0103rul fib \u00een mod dinamic prin sysctl net.fibs. A fost implementat suportul pentru rutele temporare pentru IPv4 \u0219i IPv6 (cu timp de via\u021b\u0103 setat).\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul pentru rutarea Multipath a fost rescris \u0219i f\u0103cut mai scalabil, \u00een care timpul de c\u0103utare nu depinde de dimensiunea listei (O(1)). Noua implementare a Multipath este acum legat\u0103 de parametrul kernel ROUTE_MPATH, care a \u00eenlocuit RADIX_MPATH \u0219i este inclus \u00een mod implicit. Pentru gestionarea Multipath a fost propus sysctl net.route.multipath.\n<li class=\"l\"> Frameworkul criptografic implementat la nivelul kernel-ului a fost ref\u0103cut, av\u00e2nd acum suport pentru algoritmi criptografici moderni \u0219i un interfa\u021b\u0103 simplificat\u0103 pentru utilizarea cript\u0103rii \u00een drivere \u0219i alte componente ale kernel-ului. Au fost eliminate algoritmii \u00eenvechi\u021bi ARC4, Blowfish, CAST128, DES, MD5-HMAC \u0219i Skipjack. \u00cen IPsec \u0219i Kerberos s-a \u00eencetat suportul pentru algoritmi declara\u021bi \u00eenvechi\u021bi \u00een RFC 8221 \u0219i RFC 6649\/8429, inclusiv 3DES. Algoritmii anterior declara\u021bi \u00eenvechi\u021bi \u00een subsistemul de criptare a discurilor geli \u0219i cryptodev au fost elimina\u021bi.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen kernel-ul GENERIC a fost inclus suport pentru driverele aesni \u0219i armv8crypto pentru accelerarea cript\u0103rii discurilor bazate pe geli folosind instruc\u021biuni AES-NI pentru arhitecturile amd64\/i386 \u0219i AES-XTS pentru ARM64.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat driverul qat pentru acceleratoarele criptografice Intel QuickAssist (QAT) \u0219i driverul ossl cu implementarea procedurilor de criptare software accelerate din OpenSSL, optimizate cu ajutorul codului \u00een assembler. \u00cen driverul armv8crypto a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suportul pentru AES-XTS \u0219i AES-GCM folosind instruc\u021biile corespunz\u0103toare ale procesoarelor ARMv8.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 implementarea TLS (kTLS), care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul kernelului FreeBSD, permi\u021b\u00e2nd o cre\u0219tere semnificativ\u0103 a performan\u021bei cript\u0103rii pentru socket-urile TCP. Sunt acceptate versiunile TLS de la 1.0 la 1.3. Pentru criptare se folosesc driverele criptografice ale kernelului cu suport pentru AES-CBC sau AES-GCM. Pentru a utiliza kTLS \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, este necesar\u0103 recompilarea OpenSSL cu op\u021biunea WITH_OPENSSL_KTLS.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat un nou tip de buffer de re\u021bea mbuf (buffer de date de re\u021bea), care poate reprezenta \u00eentr-un singur buffer mai multe pagini fizice de memorie ne\u00eenregistrate, ceea ce permite cre\u0219terea performan\u021bei apelului sendfile(2) prin mic\u0219orarea dimensiunii listelor mbuf \u00een buffer-ele socket-ului.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen stiva TCP a fost integrat suportul pentru algoritmul de reducere propor\u021bional\u0103 a intensit\u0103\u021bii trimiterii pachetelor (Proportional Rate Reduction, RFC 6937), permi\u021b\u00e2nd o recuperare mai rapid\u0103 a parametrilor optimi ai fluxului dup\u0103 probleme temporare de transmisie. Pentru dezactivarea PRR este disponibil sysctl net.inet.tcp.do_prr.\n<li class=\"l\"> Func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile hipervizorului Bhyve au fost extinse: a fost ad\u0103ugat suportul pentru partajarea fi\u0219ierelor prin VirtIO-9p (VirtFS). A fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea lucrului cu snapshot-uri. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ini virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2050\">ma\u0219ini virtuale<\/a>A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru dispozitive PCI HDAudio \u0219i porturi seriale suplimentare COM3 \u0219i COM4. Modelele de dispozitive bvmconsole \u0219i bvmdebug au fost eliminate. A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 stabilitatea lucrului cu clien\u021bii VNC, inclusiv aplica\u021bia macOS \u201eScreen Sharing\u201d.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen driverele VirtIO a fost ad\u0103ugat suportul pentru specifica\u021bia VirtIO V1, ceea ce a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit compatibilitatea sistemelor gazd\u0103 FreeBSD cu diferite emulatori \u0219i hipervizoare.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru procesele ata\u0219ate la medii jail s-a asigurat conversia leg\u0103turilor CPU (cpuset-ul ini\u021bial legat de proces va fi \u00eenlocuit av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere cpuset-ul jail-ului \u0219i restric\u021biile stabilite).      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103guit\u0103 posibilitatea de a compila sistemul de baz\u0103 FreeBSD \u00een medii bazate pe alte sisteme de operare. Necesitatea compil\u0103rii \u00een alte sisteme de operare este determinat\u0103 de dorin\u021ba de a utiliza instrumentele de integrare continu\u0103, legate de Linux sau macOS, pentru testarea FreeBSD.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost propus un nou stiv\u0103 MMC\/SD, bazat pe cadrul CAM, care permite conectarea dispozitivelor cu interfa\u021ba SDIO (Secure Digital I\/O). De exemplu, SDIO este utilizat \u00een modulele WiFi \u0219i Bluetooth pentru multe pl\u0103ci, cum ar fi Raspberry Pi 3. Noua stiv\u0103 permite, de asemenea, utilizarea interfe\u021bei CAM pentru a trimite comenzi SD din aplica\u021biile din spa\u021biul utilizatorului, ceea ce permite crearea de drivere de dispozitive care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivelul utilizatorului.       <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit func\u021bionarea stratului de compatibilitate cu Linux. Fi\u0219ierele DTS (Device Tree Sources) sunt sincronizate cu nucleul Linux 5.8.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103guit\u0103 suport pentru NFSv4.2 (RFC-7862) \u0219i a fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea de a lucra cu NFS peste un canal de comunicare criptat pe baza TLS 1.3, \u00een locul utiliz\u0103rii Kerberos (modul sec=krb5p), care era limitat la criptarea doar a mesajelor RPC \u0219i a fost implementat doar software.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost eliminat\u0103 versiunea veche a debuggerului GDB, care era anterior instalat\u0103 \u00een directorul \/usr\/libexec \u0219i era utilizat\u0103 \u00een utilitarul crashinfo. \u00cen locul GDB-ului preinstalat, pentru a ob\u021bine informa\u021bii detaliate despre cauzele c\u0103derii sistemului, acum se sugereaz\u0103 instalarea unei versiuni recente de GDB din porturi sau pachete. A fost oprit suportul pentru debugging-ul proceselor prin procfs. A fost ad\u0103ugat driverul netgdb, care permite accesarea debuggerului nucleului prin re\u021bea.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Func\u021bia nesigur\u0103 gets a fost eliminat\u0103 din libc (\u00eencep\u00e2nd cu standardul C11, aceast\u0103 func\u021bie a fost exclus\u0103 din specifica\u021bie) \u0219i a fost efectuat\u0103 o ajustare a porturilor care mai folosesc aceast\u0103 func\u021bie. Func\u021biile cap_random au fost eliminate (ar trebui utilizat getrandom).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103guit un nou apel de sistem copy_file_range, compatibil cu implementarea din nucleul Linux \u0219i care permite accelerarea copierii datelor dintr-un fi\u0219ier \u00een altul, datorit\u0103 execut\u0103rii opera\u021biei doar \u00een partea de nucleu, f\u0103r\u0103 citirea prealabil\u0103 a datelor \u00een memoria procesului. Apelul de sistem este, de asemenea, utilizat \u00een <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2622\">server<\/a> NFSv4.2 pentru executarea local\u0103 a opera\u021biunilor de copiere pe server (f\u0103r\u0103 a transmite clientului).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen mecanismul de intrare\/ie\u0219ire asincron\u0103 POSIX AIO este introdus suport pentru func\u021bii vectorizate. \u00cen special, sunt ad\u0103ugate apelurile de sistem aio_writev \u0219i aio_readv, care permit realizarea echivalentelor vectorizate ale func\u021biilor aio_read \u0219i aio_write.\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul pentru componentele spa\u021biului utilizator pentru suportul formatului de fi\u0219iere executabile a.out pe sistemele cu arhitectur\u0103 i386 a fost eliminat. Utilitarul elf2aout a fost \u0219ters.\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitarele ping \u0219i ping6 au fost consolidate. \u00cen ping a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a seta parametrii calit\u0103\u021bii serviciului (QoS) prin IP DSCP \u0219i Ethernet PCP.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen utilitarul freebsd-update a fost asigurat afi\u0219ajul progresului desc\u0103rc\u0103rii fi\u0219ierelor \u0219i au fost ad\u0103ugate comenzi pentru actualiz\u0103rile gata \u0219i pentru vizualizarea configura\u021biei.              <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> S-au depus eforturi considerabile pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea suportului sistemelor NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access).     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost actualizate driverele grafice \u0219i componentele stivei grafice. S-au rezolvat problemele de func\u021bionare a mediilor bazate pe protocolul Wayland.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 subsystema backlight pentru realizarea driverelor de control al luminozit\u0103\u021bii. A fost ad\u0103ugat driverul pwm-backlight pentru controlul luminozit\u0103\u021bii Pinebook \u0219i Pinebook Pro.\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul pentru protocolul SCTP a fost mutat \u00eentr-un modul separat sctp.ko, care este dezactivat \u00een mod implicit \u00een nucleul GENERIC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru dispozitivele de intrare a fost propus un nou driver usbhid, care utilizeaz\u0103 cadrul hid pentru a lucra cu dispozitivele USB HID, \u00een locul driverelor ukbd, ums \u0219i uhid.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen driverul cpufreq a fost implementat suportul pentru tehnologia Intel Speed Shift.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru noi pl\u0103ci bazate pe CPU ARMv8 de 64 de bi\u021bi, inclusiv SoC Broadcom BCM5871X \u0219i NXP LS1046A.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru arhitectura AMD64 a fost implementat suportul pentru adrese virtuale de 57 de bi\u021bi (LA57). A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru CPU x86 din China Hygon Dhyana bazat pe tehnologiile AMD.\n<li class=\"l\"> Portul pentru arhitectura powerpc64 a fost mutat la utilizarea LLVM \u0219i ABI ELFv2 (fi\u0219ierele binare din versiunile anterioare FreeBSD nu vor putea fi utilizate \u00een FreeBSD 13). Pentru powerpc64, au fost portate driverele virtio, ixl, mrsas, aacraid, cpld.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost eliminate driverele pentru adaptoarele Ethernet \u00eenvechite:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">    bm(4) BMAC\n<li class=\"l\">     cs(4) Crystal Semiconductor CS8900\/CS8920\n<li class=\"l\">    de(4) DEC DC21x4x\n<li class=\"l\">   ed(4) NE-2000 \u0219i WD-80\u00d73\n<li class=\"l\">     ep(4) 3Com Etherlink III (3c5x9) ISA\n<li class=\"l\">    ex(4) Intel EtherExpress Pro\/10 \u0219i Pro\/10+\n<li class=\"l\">    fe(4) Fujitsu MB86960A\/MB86965A\n<li class=\"l\">     hme(4) Sun Microelectronics STP2002-STQ\n<li class=\"l\">     pcn(4) AMD PCnet\n<li class=\"l\">    sf(4) Starfire\n<li class=\"l\">    sn(4) SMC 91Cxx\n<li class=\"l\">     tl(4) Texas Instruments ThunderLAN\n<li class=\"l\">     tx(4) SMC 83c17x\n<li class=\"l\">    txp(4) 3Com 3XP Typhoon\/Sidewinder (3CR990)\n<li class=\"l\">     vx(4) 3Com EtherLink III\/Fast EtherLink III (3c59x) PCI\n<li class=\"l\">     wb(4) Winbond W89C840F\n<li class=\"l\">     xe(4) Xircom PCMCIA  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost eliminate driverele ubsec (acelera\u021bi criptografici Broadcom BCM58xx), ufm (tunele FM cu interfa\u021b\u0103 USB), ctau (Cronix Tau), cx (Cronix Sigma) \u0219i vpo (SCSI pe port paralel).        <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54962\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 12.x \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 FreeBSD 13.0, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 \u0438 riscv64. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0438 Vagrant. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u041e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 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