{"id":99974,"date":"2021-04-20T16:22:51","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T14:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/soprotivlenie-vnedreniyu-api-floc-prodvigaemogo-google-vmesto-otslezhivayushhih-cookie"},"modified":"2026-02-14T18:35:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T16:35:58","slug":"soprotivlenie-vnedreniyu-api-floc-prodvigaemogo-google-vmesto-otslezhivayushhih-cookie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/soprotivlenie-vnedreniyu-api-floc-prodvigaemogo-google-vmesto-otslezhivayushhih-cookie","title":{"rendered":"Opozi\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de implementarea API-ului FLoC, promovat de Google \u00een locul cookie-urilor de urm\u0103rire","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Implementarea experimental\u0103 a tehnologiei FLoC, dezvoltat\u0103 de Google pentru a \u00eenlocui cookie-urile de urm\u0103rire, a fost lansat\u0103 \u00een Chrome 89, \u00eens\u0103 s-a confruntat cu opozi\u021bia din partea comunit\u0103\u021bii. Dup\u0103 integrarea FLoC, Google inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 complet suportul pentru cookie-urile ter\u021be \u00een Chrome\/Chromium, care sunt configurate atunci c\u00e2nd utilizatorii acceseaz\u0103 site-uri diferite de domeniul paginii curente. \u00cen prezent, FLoC este testat selectiv pe un procent mic de utilizatori Chrome 90, suportul pentru FLoC fiind inclus \u0219i \u00een baza de cod Chromium.       <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen opinia opozan\u021bilor implement\u0103rii FLoC, aceast\u0103 tehnologie nu face altceva dec\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 o form\u0103 de urm\u0103rire a utilizatorilor cu alta, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 rezolve unele probleme, dar gener\u00e2nd altele. De exemplu, FLoC creeaz\u0103 condi\u021bii pentru discriminarea utilizatorilor \u00een func\u021bie de preferin\u021bele \u0219i viziile lor.                     <\/p>\n<p>Reac\u021bia unor proiecte la integrarea FLoC \u00een baza de cod Chromium:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Unul dintre principalii dezvoltatori <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/hosting\/hosting-wordpress\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3264\">al sistemului de gestionare a con\u021binutului WordPress<\/a>, care ocup\u0103 aproximativ 40% din pia\u021ba CMS, a propus s\u0103 perceap\u0103 FLoC ca o amenin\u021bare la adresa securit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103 profite de posibilitatea oferit\u0103 \u00een specifica\u021bie de a interzice aplicarea FLoC \u0219i de a dezactiva colectarea informa\u021biilor despre interesele utilizatorilor pentru site-uri individuale. Renun\u021barea la FLoC poate fi activat\u0103 pe partea site-ului prin setarea antetului HTTP \u201ePermissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()\u201d. Aceast\u0103 interdic\u021bie FLoC se propune s\u0103 fie inclus\u0103 \u00een mod implicit \u00een toate instan\u021bele WordPress \u0219i s\u0103 fie aplicat\u0103 \u00eentr-una dintre actualiz\u0103rile care vor rezolva problemele de securitate.\n<p>Dac\u0103 propunerea va fi aprobat\u0103, pe toate site-urile care aplic\u0103 automat actualiz\u0103rile WordPress, FLoC va fi dezactivat \u00een mod implicit. Pentru cei care doresc s\u0103 utilizeze FLoC, va fi oferit\u0103 op\u021biunea de a dezactiva transmiterea antetului \u201ePermissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()\u201d. O interdic\u021bie similar\u0103 a FLoC a fost de asemenea propus\u0103 s\u0103 fie ad\u0103ugat\u0103 \u00een mod implicit \u00een versiunea semnificativ\u0103 WordPress 5.8, care este planificat\u0103 pentru luna iulie \u0219i ar putea s\u0103 nu ajung\u0103 \u00eenainte de activarea masiv\u0103 a FLoC, motiv pentru care se analizeaz\u0103 posibilitatea dezactiv\u0103rii FLoC printr-o actualizare intermediar\u0103.    <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen comentarii, nu toat\u0103 lumea a fost de acord cu oportunitatea lans\u0103rii unei astfel de actualiz\u0103ri, motiv\u00e2nd c\u0103 nu este bine s\u0103 amestec\u0103m problemele de securitate cu grija pentru respectarea confiden\u021bialit\u0103\u021bii. Abuzurile aduse de modific\u0103rile propuse \u00een actualiz\u0103rile automate pot duce la pierderea \u00eencrederii \u00een astfel de actualiz\u0103ri.        <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dezvoltatorii browserelor Vivaldi \u0219i Brave Browser au refuzat s\u0103 implementeze suportul pentru FLoC \u00een produsele lor, afirm\u00e2nd c\u0103 utilizatorii lor au dreptul la confiden\u021bialitate. Reprezentan\u021bii Vivaldi au subliniat de asemenea c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 numim lucrurile pe nume, iar FLoC \u2014 nu este o tehnologie de asigurare a confiden\u021bialit\u0103\u021bii, a\u0219a cum \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 o promoveze Google, ci o tehnologie de urm\u0103rire care \u00eencalc\u0103 confiden\u021bialitatea.\n<li class=\"l\"> Organiza\u021bia pentru drepturile omului EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation) a lansat site-ul amifloced.org, care permite utilizatorilor s\u0103 verifice dac\u0103 FLoC este activat \u00een browser, oferindu-le posibilitatea de a \u00een\u021belege dac\u0103 particip\u0103 la experimentul Google.\n<li class=\"l\"> Motorul de c\u0103utare DuckDuckGo a criticat FLoC \u0219i a ad\u0103ugat \u00een extensia Chrome DuckDuckGo Privacy Essentials blocarea FLoC, precum \u0219i a interzis utilizarea FLoC pe site-ul duckduckgo.com (DuckDuckGo Search) prin setarea antetului HTTP \u201ePermissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()\u201d.\n<li class=\"l\"> Compania Microsoft nu a inclus \u00eenc\u0103 FLoC \u00een browserul Edge, adopt\u00e2nd o pozi\u021bie de a\u0219teptare \u0219i \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 dezvolte propria tehnologie de urm\u0103rire a preferin\u021belor, PARAKEET (Private and Anonymized Requests for Ads that Keep Efficacy and Enhance Transparency). Esen\u021ba PARAKEET const\u0103 \u00een utilizarea unui proxy,<a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3704\">server<\/a>, care se afl\u0103 \u00eentre utilizator \u0219i re\u021beaua publicitar\u0103. Utilizatorului i se atribuie un identificator unic, dar informa\u021biile despre acesta sunt ob\u021binute doar de proxy, care transmite re\u021belei publicitare doar un set limitat de informa\u021bii anonimizate.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mozilla \u0219i Opera nu inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 adauge implementarea FLoC \u00een produsele lor. Compania Apple nu a luat \u00eenc\u0103 o decizie final\u0103 privind implementarea FLoC \u00een Safari.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen blocatorul de reclame uBlock, solicit\u0103rile FLoC sunt dezactivate \u00een mod implicit. O blocare similar\u0103 a FLoC a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 \u00een extensiile Adguard \u0219i Adblock Plus.        <\/ul>\n<p>Amintim c\u0103 API FLoC (Federated Learning of Cohorts) este destinat identific\u0103rii categoriei de interese ale utilizatorului f\u0103r\u0103 identificarea individual\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 leg\u0103tura cu istoria vizitelor pe site-uri specifice. FLoC permite gruparea utilizatorilor cu interese similare, f\u0103r\u0103 a identifica utilizatori individuali. Interesele utilizatorului sunt definite prin \u201ecohorte\u201d, etichete scurte care descriu diferite grupuri de interese. Cohorte sunt calculate la nivelul browserului prin utilizarea algoritmilor de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103 pe datele istoricului de vizite \u0219i pe con\u021binutul deschis \u00een browser. Detaliile r\u0103m\u00e2n de partea utilizatorului, iar \u00een exterior sunt transmise doar informa\u021bii generale despre cohorte, care reflect\u0103 interesele \u0219i permit livrarea de publicitate relevant\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a urm\u0103ri utilizatorul specific.      <\/p>\n<p>Principalele riscuri asociate cu implementarea FLoC:  <\/p>\n<ul>  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Discriminare pe baza preferin\u021belor utilizatorilor. De exemplu, ofertele de munc\u0103 \u0219i cele de creditare pot varia \u00een func\u021bie de etnia, religia, sexul \u0219i v\u00e2rsta utilizatorilor. Utilizatorilor care se confrunt\u0103 cu probleme financiare le pot fi impuse credite cu dob\u00e2nzi mari, iar determinarea datelor demografice \u0219i a preferin\u021belor politice poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru a spori credibilitatea dezinform\u0103rii. Utiliz\u00e2nd FLoC, informa\u021biile despre comportamentul utilizatorului vor urma utilizatorul de la un site la altul, iar datele despre activitatea precedent\u0103 pot fi folosite pentru a manipula utilizatorul \u00een momentul acces\u0103rii site-urilor.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nu este exclus\u0103 realizarea ingineriei inverse a istoricului vizitelor pe baza datelor despre cohort\u0103. Analiza algoritmului de atribuire a cohortelor va permite deducerea site-urilor pe care utilizatorul a fost probabil s\u0103 le viziteze. De asemenea, pe baza cohortelor se pot trasa concluzii despre v\u00e2rst\u0103, statut social, orientare de gen, preferin\u021be politice, dificult\u0103\u021bi financiare sau traume experimentate.\n<li class=\"l\"> Apari\u021bia unui factor suplimentar pentru identificarea ascuns\u0103 a browserului utilizatorului (\u201efingerprinting\u201d). Cu toate c\u0103 cohortele FLoC vor cuprinde mii de oameni, acestea pot fi utilizate pentru a spori acurate\u021bea identific\u0103rii browserului atunci c\u00e2nd sunt utilizate \u00een combina\u021bie cu alte date indirecte, cum ar fi rezolu\u021bia ecranului, lista tipurilor MIME acceptate, parametrii specifici din anteturi (HTTP\/2 \u0219i HTTPS), pluginurile instalate \u0219i fonturile, disponibilitatea anumitor API-uri Web, caracteristici specifice ale pl\u0103cilor grafice la redare prin intermediul WebGL \u0219i Canvas, manipularea CSS-ului, caracteristicile interac\u021biunii cu mouse-ul \u0219i tastatura.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Furnizarea de date personale suplimentare c\u0103tre trackeri care deja identific\u0103 utilizatorii. De exemplu, dac\u0103 un utilizator este identificat \u0219i s-a conectat la contul s\u0103u, serviciul poate corela explicit datele despre preferin\u021be men\u021bionate \u00een cohort\u0103 cu un anumit utilizator, iar \u00een cazul schimb\u0103rii cohortelor, poate urm\u0103ri transformarea preferin\u021belor.             <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De asemenea, se poate men\u021biona c\u0103, \u00een paralel, reprezentan\u021bii industriei publicitare dezvolt\u0103 \u0219i alte metode alternative de identificare care pot fi utilizate pentru a urm\u0103ri utilizatorii \u00een cazul bloc\u0103rii cookie-urilor ter\u021be \u00een Chrome. De exemplu, compania The Trade Desk a propus tehnologia UID2 (Identificator Unificat), care implementeaz\u0103 un mecanism de identificare a utilizatorilor, func\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00een cooperare cu proprietarii site-urilor. Identificatorul UID2 este generat pe baza informa\u021biilor furnizate de utilizator la \u00eenregistrarea pe site, cum ar fi emailul, num\u0103rul de telefon sau datele contului din re\u021belele sociale. Pe baza cript\u0103rii con\u021binutului UID2, coordonatorul infrastructurii creeaz\u0103 un token, pe care proprietarul site-ului \u00eel poate transmite re\u021belelor publicitare. Re\u021belele publicitare autorizate pot ob\u021bine cheile pentru decriptarea tokenului \u0219i ob\u021binerea UID2-ului original, care poate fi utilizat pentru construirea unui profil general al utilizatorului, agreg\u00e2nd informa\u021bii din locuri diferite.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54951\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 Chrome 89 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 FLoC, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Google \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Cookie, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f FLoC \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 Chrome\/Chromium \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 Cookie, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 FLoC \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 Chrome 89 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 FLoC, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Google \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b 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