{"id":102190,"date":"2021-11-02T21:36:39","date_gmt":"2021-11-02T19:36:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-15"},"modified":"2021-11-02T21:36:39","modified_gmt":"2021-11-02T19:36:39","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-15","title":{"rendered":"Release jadra Linux 5.15","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvoch mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja predstavil Linus Torvalds v\u00fdstup jadra Linux 5.15. Medzi najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edmi zmenami s\u00fa: nov\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d NTFS s podporou z\u00e1pisu, modul ksmbd so zaveden\u00edm SMB servera, subsyst\u00e9m DAMON na monitorovanie pr\u00edstupu k pam\u00e4ti, primit\u00edva z\u00e1mkov pre re\u00e1lny \u010das, podpora fs-verity v Btrfs, syst\u00e9mov\u00fd volanie process_mrelease pre syst\u00e9my reaguj\u00face na nedostatok pam\u00e4te, modul vzdialenej atest\u00e1cie dm-ima.        <\/p>\n<p>Do novej verzie bolo prijat\u00fdch 13499 opr\u00e1v od 1888 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, ve\u013ekos\u0165 patchu \u2013 42 MB (zmien sa dotklo 10895 s\u00faborov, pridalo sa 632522 riadkov k\u00f3du, odstr\u00e1nilo sa 299966 riadkov). Pribli\u017ene 45% v\u0161etk\u00fdch zmien predstaven\u00fdch vo verzii 5.15 sa t\u00fdka ovl\u00e1da\u010dov zariaden\u00ed, asi 14% zmien m\u00e1 s\u00favislos\u0165 s aktualiz\u00e1ciou k\u00f3du \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho pre hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 architekt\u00fary, 14% sa via\u017ee na sie\u0165ov\u00fd z\u00e1sobn\u00edk, 6% \u2013 na s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a 3% na vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 subsyst\u00e9my jadra.      <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 novinky:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, I\/O a s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jadra bola prijat\u00e1 nov\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu NTFS, ktor\u00fa otvorila spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Paragon Software. Nov\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d m\u00f4\u017ee pracova\u0165 v re\u017eime z\u00e1pisu a podporuje v\u0161etky mo\u017enosti aktu\u00e1lnej verzie NTFS 3.1, vr\u00e1tane roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch atrib\u00fatov s\u00faborov, zoznamov pr\u00edstupu (ACL), re\u017eimu kompresie d\u00e1t, efekt\u00edvnej pr\u00e1ce s pr\u00e1zdnotou v s\u00faboroch (sparse) a reprodukciu zmien z denn\u00edka na obnovu integrity po zlyhaniach.\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me Btrfs bola realizovan\u00e1 podpora mechanizmu fs-verity, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na transparentn\u00e9 sledovanie integrity a autentickosti jednotliv\u00fdch s\u00faborov pod\u013ea kryptografick\u00fdch hashov alebo k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov s\u00favisiacich so s\u00fabormi, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v oblasti metad\u00e1t. Predt\u00fdm bol fs-verity dostupn\u00fd iba pre FS Ext4 a F2fs.\n<p>V Btrfs bola tie\u017e pridan\u00e1 podpora mapovania identifik\u00e1torov pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov pre pripojen\u00e9 s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my (predt\u00fdm bola podporovan\u00e1 pre FS FAT, ext4 a XFS). Uveden\u00e1 funkcia umo\u017e\u0148uje priradenie s\u00faborov ur\u010dit\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea na pripojenom cudzom oddiele k in\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi v aktu\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me.   <\/p>\n<p>Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie zmeny v Btrfs patr\u00ed zr\u00fdchlenie prid\u00e1vania k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov do indexu adres\u00e1ra pre zv\u00fd\u0161enie v\u00fdkonu pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed s\u00faborov; mo\u017enos\u0165 prev\u00e1dzky raid0 s jedn\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm a raid10 s dvoma (napr\u00edklad pri prekonfigurovan\u00ed po\u013ea); mo\u017enos\u0165 \"rescue=ibadroots\" na ignorovanie nespr\u00e1vneho stromu extents; zr\u00fdchlenie oper\u00e1cie \"send\"; zn\u00ed\u017eenie konfliktov z\u00e1mkov po\u010das oper\u00e1ci\u00ed premenovania; mo\u017enos\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edvania sektorov 4K na syst\u00e9moch s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou str\u00e1nky pam\u00e4te 64K.        <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> V XFS bola stabilizovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvania FS d\u00e1t po roku 2038. Bol zaveden\u00fd mechanizmus oneskorenej deaktiv\u00e1cie inode a podpora oneskorenej in\u0161tal\u00e1cie a odstra\u0148ovania atrib\u00fatov s\u00faborov. Aby sa vyl\u00fa\u010dili probl\u00e9my, bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 vyp\u00ednania diskov\u00fdch kv\u00f3t pre u\u017e pripojen\u00e9 oddiely (je mo\u017en\u00e9 ich n\u00fatene vypn\u00fa\u0165, ale s\u00favisiace po\u010d\u00edtanie bude pokra\u010dova\u0165, tak\u017ee na pln\u00e9 vypnutie je potrebn\u00e9 op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 pripojenie).\n<li class=\"l\"> V EXT4 sa pracovalo na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu z\u00e1pisu do delalloc-bufferov a spracovania osiroten\u00fdch (orphan) s\u00faborov, ktor\u00e9 na\u010falej existuj\u00fa, preto\u017ee s\u00fa otvoren\u00e9, ale nie s\u00fa viazan\u00e9 na adres\u00e1r. Spracovanie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed discard bolo presunut\u00e9 z jbd2 vl\u00e1kna kthread, aby sa vyl\u00fa\u010dili blokovania oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s metad\u00e1tami.\n<li class=\"l\"> V F2FS bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 \"discard_unit=block|segment|section\" na viazanie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed discard (ozna\u010dovanie osloboden\u00fdch blokov, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e nie je potrebn\u00e9 fyzicky uchov\u00e1va\u0165) na zarovnanie vo vz\u0165ahu k bloku, sektoru, segmentu alebo sekcii. Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora sledovania zmien latenci\u00ed pri vstupe\/v\u00fdstupe.\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me EROFS (Extendable Read-Only File System) bola pridan\u00e1 podpora priameho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu pre s\u00fabory ulo\u017een\u00e9 bez kompresie, ako aj podpora fiemap.\n<li class=\"l\"> V OverlayFS bola implementovan\u00e1 spr\u00e1vna spr\u00e1va pr\u00edznakov pripojenia \"immutable\", \"append-only\", \"sync\" a \"noatime\".\n<li class=\"l\"> V NFS bola zlep\u0161en\u00e1 spr\u00e1va situ\u00e1ci\u00ed, ke\u010f server NFS prestal odpoveda\u0165 na po\u017eiadavky. Bolo pridan\u00e9 mo\u017enos\u0165 mont\u00e1\u017ee z u\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"servera\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3763\">servera<\/a>, ale dostupn\u00e9ho cez in\u00fd sie\u0165ov\u00fd adres.\n<li class=\"l\"> Za\u010dala sa pr\u00edprava na prep\u00edsanie subsyst\u00e9mu FSCACHE.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora EFI oddielov s netradi\u010dn\u00fdm umiestnen\u00edm tabuliek GPT.\n<li class=\"l\"> V mechanizme fanotify bol implementovan\u00fd nov\u00fd flag FAN_REPORT_PIDFD, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zahrn\u00fa\u0165 pidfd medzi vracan\u00e9 metad\u00e1ta. Pidfd pom\u00e1ha spracov\u00e1va\u0165 situ\u00e1cie s op\u00e4tovn\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm PID na presnej\u0161iu identifik\u00e1ciu procesov, ktor\u00e9 komunikuj\u00fa so sledovan\u00fdmi s\u00fabormi (pidfd je viazan\u00fd na konkr\u00e9tny proces a nezmen\u00ed sa, zatia\u013e \u010do PID m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 priraden\u00fd in\u00e9mu procesu po ukon\u010den\u00ed aktu\u00e1lneho procesu spojen\u00e9ho s t\u00fdmto PID).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania move_mount() bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 prid\u00e1vania bodov pripojenia do existuj\u00facich zdie\u013ean\u00fdch skup\u00edn, \u010do vyrie\u0161i probl\u00e9my so zachov\u00e1van\u00edm a obnovovan\u00edm stavu procesov v n\u00e1strojoch CRIU pri existencii viacer\u00fdch mont\u00e1\u017enych priestorov zdie\u013ean\u00fdch v izolovan\u00fdch kontajneroch.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 ochrana pred skryt\u00fdmi stavmi pretekania, ktor\u00e9 potenci\u00e1lne mohli vies\u0165 k po\u0161kodeniu s\u00faborov pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed z cache po\u010das spracovania medzier v s\u00faboroch.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola ukon\u010den\u00e1 podpora povinn\u00fdch (mandatory) blok\u00e1d s\u00faborov, implementovan\u00fdch cez syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 volania, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k zmene s\u00faboru. Z d\u00f4vodu mo\u017en\u00fdch stavov pretekania sa tieto blok\u00e1dy pova\u017eovali za nespo\u013eahliv\u00e9 a pred mnoh\u00fdmi rokmi boli vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 za zastaran\u00e9.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m LightNVM, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148oval priamy pr\u00edstup k SSD disku, obch\u00e1dzaj\u00fac emula\u010dn\u00fa vrstvu. LightNVM stratilo v\u00fdznam po vzniku \u0161tandardov NVMe, ktor\u00e9 predpokladaj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 z\u00f3novania (ZNS, Zoned Namespace).                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u00e4\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola implementovan\u00e1 subsyst\u00e9m DAMON (Data Access MONitor), ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje sledova\u0165 aktivitu s\u00favisiacu s pr\u00edstupom k \u00fadajom v opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4ti, viazan\u00fa na vybran\u00fd proces be\u017eiaci v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore. Subsyst\u00e9m umo\u017e\u0148uje analyzova\u0165, ku ktor\u00fdm oblastiam pam\u00e4te proces pristupoval po\u010das celej svojej \u010dinnosti a ak\u00e9 oblasti pam\u00e4te zostali nevyu\u017eit\u00e9. Medzi vlastnosti DAMON patr\u00ed n\u00edzka z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e na CPU, n\u00edzka spotreba pam\u00e4te, vysok\u00e1 presnos\u0165 a predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9 kon\u0161tantn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 od ve\u013ekosti. Subsyst\u00e9m m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd ako jadrom na optimaliz\u00e1ciu spr\u00e1vy pam\u00e4te, tak aj n\u00e1strojmi v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore na pochopenie toho, \u010do proces rob\u00ed a optimaliz\u00e1ciu vyu\u017eitia pam\u00e4te, napr\u00edklad na oslobodenie nadbyto\u010dnej pam\u00e4te pre syst\u00e9m.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol vykonan\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd hovor process_mrelease, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u00fdchli\u0165 proces oslobodenia pam\u00e4te procesu, ktor\u00fd kon\u010d\u00ed svoju \u010dinnos\u0165. Za norm\u00e1lnych podmienok sa uvo\u013enenie zdrojov a ukon\u010denie procesu neuskuto\u010d\u0148uje okam\u017eite a z r\u00f4znych d\u00f4vodov sa m\u00f4\u017ee oneskori\u0165, \u010do br\u00e1ni pr\u00e1ci funguj\u00facich syst\u00e9mov v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore pre v\u010dasn\u00e9 reakcie na nedostatok pam\u00e4te, ako s\u00fa oomd (poskytovan\u00e9 v systemd) a lmkd (pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v Android). Pomocou volania process_mrelease m\u00f4\u017eu tak\u00e9to syst\u00e9my predv\u00eddate\u013enej\u0161ie iniciova\u0165 n\u00e1vrat pam\u00e4te od n\u00fatene ukon\u010den\u00fdch procesov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Z vetvy jadra PREEMPT_RT, v ktorej sa vyv\u00edja podpora pr\u00e1ce v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase, boli prenesen\u00e9 varianty primit\u00edv pre organizovanie z\u00e1mkov mutex, ww_mutex, rw_semaphore, spinlock a rwlock, zalo\u017een\u00e9 na subsyst\u00e9me RT-Mutex. Do SLUB slabov\u00e9ho alok\u00e1tora boli pridan\u00e9 zmeny, ktor\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00fa pr\u00e1cu v re\u017eime PREEMPT_RT a zni\u017euj\u00fa vplyv na preru\u0161en\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do cgroup bola pridan\u00e1 podpora atrib\u00fatu pl\u00e1nova\u010da \u00faloh SCHED_IDLE, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje poskytn\u00fa\u0165 tento znak v\u0161etk\u00fdm procesom skupiny, ktor\u00e9 patr\u00ed do ur\u010ditej cgroup. T.j. tieto procesy sa spustia iba vtedy, ke\u010f v syst\u00e9me nie s\u00fa in\u00e9 \u00falohy, ktor\u00e9 \u010dakaj\u00fa na vykonanie. Na rozdiel od nastavovania atrib\u00fatu SCHED_IDLE pre ka\u017ed\u00fd proces jednotlivo, pri viazan\u00ed SCHED_IDLE na cgroup sa pri v\u00fdbere \u00falohy na vykonanie zoh\u013ead\u0148uje relat\u00edvna v\u00e1ha \u00faloh vn\u00fatri skupiny.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mechanizmus sledovania spotreby pam\u00e4te v cgroup bol roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd o mo\u017enos\u0165 sledovania \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u0161trukt\u00far d\u00e1t jadra, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 sa vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa pre poll-ing, spracovanie sign\u00e1lov a priestorov n\u00e1zvov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora asymetrick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1novania priradenia \u00faloh k procesorov\u00fdm jadrom na architekt\u00farach, kde niektor\u00e9 CPU umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vykon\u00e1vanie 32-bitov\u00fdch \u00faloh, zatia\u013e \u010do niektor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa iba v 64-bitovom re\u017eime (napr\u00edklad ARM). Nov\u00fd re\u017eim umo\u017e\u0148uje pri pl\u00e1novan\u00ed vykon\u00e1vania 32-bitov\u00fdch \u00faloh zoh\u013eadni\u0165 iba CPU, ktor\u00e9 podporuj\u00fa 32-bitov\u00e9 \u00falohy.\n<li class=\"l\"> V rozhran\u00ed asynchr\u00f3nneho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu io_uring bola pridan\u00e1 podpora pre otv\u00e1ranie s\u00faborov priamo v indexovej tabu\u013eke fixed-file, bez potreby pou\u017e\u00edvania s\u00faborov\u00e9ho deskriptora, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdznamne ur\u00fdchli\u0165 niektor\u00e9 typy oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, ale je to v rozpore s tradi\u010dn\u00fdm unixov\u00fdm procesom pou\u017e\u00edvania s\u00faborov\u00fdch deskriptorov pri otv\u00e1ran\u00ed s\u00faborov.\n<p>V io_uring pre subsyst\u00e9m BIO (Block I\/O Layer) bol implementovan\u00fd nov\u00fd mechanizmus recykl\u00e1cie (\"BIO recycling\"), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 re\u017eijn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady pri spr\u00e1ve vn\u00fatornej pam\u00e4te a pribli\u017ene o 10% zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 po\u010det spracovan\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu za sekundu. V io_uring bola tie\u017e pridan\u00e1 podpora syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed mkdirat(), symlinkat() a linkat().    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre programy BPF bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 po\u017eiadania a spracovania udalost\u00ed \u010dasova\u010da. Bol pridan\u00fd iter\u00e1tor pre UNIX sockety a tie\u017e bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 z\u00edskava\u0165 a nastavova\u0165 mo\u017enosti socketov pre setsockopt. Do BTF dumpera bola pridan\u00e1 podpora typovan\u00fdch \u00fadajov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na NUMA syst\u00e9moch s r\u00f4znymi typmi pam\u00e4te, ktor\u00e9 sa l\u00ed\u0161ia v\u00fdkonnos\u0165ou, bola v pr\u00edpade vy\u010derpan\u00e9ho vo\u013en\u00e9ho priestoru implementovan\u00e1 migr\u00e1cia vypudite\u013en\u00fdch str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te z dynamickej pam\u00e4te (DRAM) do pomal\u0161ej trvalej pam\u00e4te (Persistent Memory) namiesto ich vymazania. Testy preuk\u00e1zali, \u017ee t\u00e1to strat\u00e9gia zvy\u010dajne zlep\u0161uje v\u00fdkon na tak\u00fdchto syst\u00e9moch. Pre NUMA bola tie\u017e implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pride\u013eovania str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te pre proces z vybran\u00e9ho s\u00faboru uzlov NUMA.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00faru ARC bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora troj- a \u0161tvorizbov\u00fdch tabuliek str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te, \u010do nesk\u00f4r umo\u017en\u00ed podporu 64-bitov\u00fdch procesorov ARC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00faru s390 bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017eitia mechanizmu KFENCE na detekciu ch\u00fdb pri pr\u00e1ci s pam\u00e4\u0165ou, a tie\u017e bola pridan\u00e1 podpora detektora stavov pretekov KCSAN.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora indexovania zoznamu spr\u00e1v, ktor\u00e9 sa zobrazuj\u00fa prostredn\u00edctvom printk(), \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje naraz extrahova\u0165 v\u0161etky tak\u00e9to spr\u00e1vy a sledova\u0165 zmeny v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore.\n<li class=\"l\"> V mmap() bola zru\u0161en\u00e1 podpora pre mo\u017enos\u0165 VM_DENYWRITE a k\u00f3d jadra bol zbaven\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvania re\u017eimu MAP_DENYWRITE, \u010do zn\u00ed\u017eilo po\u010det situ\u00e1ci\u00ed ved\u00facich k blokovaniu z\u00e1pisu do s\u00faboru s chybou ETXTBSY.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu trasovania bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd typ kontrol \"Event probes\", ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pripoji\u0165 k existuj\u00facim udalostiam trasovania a definova\u0165 vlastn\u00fd form\u00e1t v\u00fdstupu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pri zostavovan\u00ed jadra pomocou preklada\u010da Clang sa teraz predvolene pou\u017e\u00edva zabudovan\u00fd assembler z projektu LLVM.\n<li class=\"l\"> V r\u00e1mci projektu na odstr\u00e1nenie k\u00f3du z jadra, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4soboval v\u00fdstup varovan\u00ed kompil\u00e1torom, bol vykonan\u00fd experiment so zapnut\u00edm re\u017eimu &#171;-Werror&#187; ako predvolen\u00e9ho, pri ktorom sa varovania kompil\u00e1tora sprac\u00favaj\u00fa ako chyby. Po\u010das pr\u00edpravy vydania 5.15 Linus za\u010dal akceptova\u0165 iba zmeny, ktor\u00e9 nesp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa varovania pri zostaven\u00ed jadra, a aktivoval zostavenie s &#171;-Werror&#187;, ale nesk\u00f4r s\u00fahlasil s n\u00e1zorom o pred\u010dasnosti tohto rozhodnutia a odlo\u017eil zapnutie &#171;-Werror&#187; ako predvolen\u00e9. Riadenie zapnutia parametra &#171;-Werror&#187; pri zostaven\u00ed sa vykon\u00e1va pomocou parametra WERROR, ktor\u00fd je predvolene nastaven\u00fd na hodnotu COMPILE_TEST, t. j. v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je zapnut\u00fd iba pri testovac\u00edch zostaveniach.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u00e1cia a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do Device Mapper (DM) bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd spracovate\u013e dm-ima s implement\u00e1ciou mechanizmu vzdialenej atest\u00e1cie zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na subsyst\u00e9me IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje extern\u00e9mu servisu overi\u0165 stav subsyst\u00e9mov jadra, aby sa zabezpe\u010dila ich autenticita. V praxi dm-ima umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 pomocou Device Mapper \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1 viazan\u00e9 na extern\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, v ktor\u00fdch pomocou IMA sa kontroluje d\u00f4veryhodnos\u0165 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anej konfigur\u00e1cie DM target.\n<li class=\"l\"> V prctl() bola implementovan\u00e1 nov\u00e1 vo\u013eba PR_SPEC_L1D_FLUSH, pri ktorej jadro za\u010d\u00edna maza\u0165 obsah cache prvej \u00farovne (L1D) v\u017edy, ke\u010f d\u00f4jde k prepn\u00fa\u0165 kontaxt. Tento re\u017eim umo\u017e\u0148uje selekt\u00edvne pre najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie procesy implementova\u0165 dodato\u010dn\u00fa ochranu pred \u00fatokmi bo\u010dn\u00fdmi kan\u00e1lmi, ktor\u00e9 sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa na ur\u010denie \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 sa usadili v cache v d\u00f4sledku zranite\u013enost\u00ed sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch \u0161pekulat\u00edvnym vykon\u00e1van\u00edm in\u0161trukci\u00ed v CPU. Cena za aktiv\u00e1ciu PR_SPEC_L1D_FLUSH (predvolene nie je aktivovan\u00fd) je podstatn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie v\u00fdkonu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 zostavenia jadra s pridan\u00edm do GCC parametra &#171;-fzero-call-used-regs=used-gpr&#187;, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje nulovanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch registrov pred n\u00e1vratom kontroly z funkcie. Uveden\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 umo\u017e\u0148uje chr\u00e1ni\u0165 sa pred \u00fanikom inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z funkci\u00ed a o 20% zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 po\u010det blokov vhodn\u00fdch na vytv\u00e1ranie ROP-gadgetov (Return-Oriented Programming) v exploit\u00e1ch.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 zostavenia jadier pre architekt\u00faru ARM64 vo forme klientov pre hyperv\u00edzor Hyper-V.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol navrhnut\u00fd nov\u00fd r\u00e1mec na v\u00fdvoj ovl\u00e1da\u010dov &#171;VDUSE&#187;, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje realiz\u00e1ciu virtu\u00e1lnych blokov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore a pou\u017eitie Virtio ako transportu na pr\u00edstup z hos\u0165ovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd Virtio ovl\u00e1da\u010d pre zbernicu I2C, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje emulova\u0165 ovl\u00e1da\u010de I2C v re\u017eime paravirtu\u00e1lneho strojov\u00e9ho prostredia s pou\u017eit\u00edm samostatn\u00fdch backendov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd Virtio ovl\u00e1da\u010d gpio-virtio, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje hos\u0165ovsk\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k GPIO link\u00e1m poskytovan\u00fdm hostite\u013esk\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 obmedzenia pr\u00edstupu k pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdm str\u00e1nkam pre ovl\u00e1da\u010de zariaden\u00ed s podporou DMA na syst\u00e9moch bez I\/O MMU (jednotka spr\u00e1vy pam\u00e4te).\n<li class=\"l\"> V hyperv\u00edzore KVM bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 v\u00fdstupu \u0161tatistiky vo forme line\u00e1rnych a logaritmick\u00fdch histogramov.          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sie\u0165ov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jadra bol pridan\u00fd modul ksmbd s implement\u00e1ciou s\u00faborov\u00e9ho servera, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva protokol SMB3. Modul dop\u013a\u0148a predt\u00fdm dostupn\u00fa implement\u00e1ciu klienta SMB v jadre a na rozdiel od SMB-servera funguj\u00faceho v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore je v\u00fdkonnej\u0161\u00ed z h\u013eadiska v\u00fdkonnosti, spotreby pam\u00e4te a integr\u00e1cie s roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami jadra. Ksmbd sa prezentuje ako vysoko v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 a pripraven\u00e9 na pou\u017eitie na zabudovan\u00fdch zariadeniach roz\u0161\u00edrenie k Samba, ktor\u00e9 je v pr\u00edpade potreby integrovan\u00e9 s n\u00e1strojmi a kni\u017enicami Samba. Medzi mo\u017enos\u0165ami ksmbd vynik\u00e1 vylep\u0161en\u00e1 podpora technol\u00f3gie distribuovan\u00e9ho cacheovania s\u00faborov (SMB leases) na lok\u00e1lnych syst\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 prev\u00e1dzku. V bud\u00facnosti pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa prida\u0165 podporu RDMA (&#171;smbdirect&#187;) a roz\u0161\u00edrenia protokolu s\u00favisiace s posilnen\u00edm spo\u013eahlivosti \u0161ifrovania a overovania digit\u00e1lnymi podpisami.\n<li class=\"l\"> V klientovi CIFS bola ukon\u010den\u00e1 podpora NTLM a menej spo\u013eahliv\u00fdch algoritmov autentifik\u00e1cie zalo\u017een\u00fdch na algoritme DES, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvali v protokole SMB1.\n<li class=\"l\"> V realiz\u00e1cii sie\u0165ov\u00fdch mostov pre vlan bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora multicastu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da bonding, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na agreg\u00e1ciu sie\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed, bola pridan\u00e1 podpora subsyst\u00e9mu XDP (eXpress Data Path), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje manipul\u00e1ciu so sie\u0165ov\u00fdmi paketmi pred ich spracovan\u00edm sie\u0165ov\u00fdm z\u00e1sobn\u00edkom jadra Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo wireless stacku mac80211 bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora 6GHZ STA (\u0160peci\u00e1lne do\u010dasn\u00e9 opr\u00e1vnenie) v re\u017eimoch LPI, SP a VLP, ako aj mo\u017enos\u0165 nastavenia samostatn\u00fdch TWT (Cie\u013eov\u00fd \u010das prebudenia) v re\u017eime pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora protokolu MCTP (Management Component Transport Protocol), ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na interakciu riadiacich ovl\u00e1da\u010dov a s nimi s\u00favisiacich zariaden\u00ed (host procesory, perif\u00e9rne zariadenia at\u010f.).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje integr\u00e1cia do jadra MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), roz\u0161\u00edrenia protokolu TCP pre organiz\u00e1ciu TCP spojenia s dod\u00e1vkou paketov s\u00fa\u010dasne po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch cez r\u00f4zne sie\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhrania, viazan\u00e9 na r\u00f4zne IP adresy. V novej verzii bola pridan\u00e1 podpora adries v re\u017eime fullmesh.\n<li class=\"l\"> V netfilter boli pridan\u00e9 spracovate\u013esk\u00e9 moduly pre sie\u0165ov\u00e9 pr\u00fady, inkapsulovan\u00e9 v protokole SRv6 (Segment Routing IPv6).\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora sockmap pre streamov\u00e9 Unix sockety.              <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Zariadenie<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di amdgpu je implementovan\u00e1 podpora pre APU Cyan Skillfish (vybaven\u00e9 GPU Navi 1x). Pre APU Yellow Carp je zaveden\u00e1 podpora video kodekov. Zlep\u0161en\u00e1 podpora GPU Aldebaran. Pridan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory kariet zalo\u017een\u00fdch na GPU Navi 24 \u00abBeige Goby\u00bb a RDNA2. Navrhnut\u00e9 vylep\u0161en\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vanie virtu\u00e1lnych obrazoviek (VKMS). Implementovan\u00e1 podpora sledovania teploty \u010dipov AMD Zen 3.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di amdkfd (pre diskr\u00e9tne GPU ako Polaris) bol implementovan\u00fd mana\u017e\u00e9r zdie\u013eanej virtu\u00e1lnej pam\u00e4te (SVM, shared virtual memory) na b\u00e1ze subsyst\u00e9mu HMM (Heterogeneous memory management), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017e\u00edvanie zariaden\u00ed s vlastn\u00fdmi pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdmi riadi\u010dmi (MMU, memory management unit), ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pristupova\u0165 k hlavnej pam\u00e4ti. Takisto pomocou HMM je mo\u017en\u00e9 organizova\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00fd adresn\u00fd priestor medzi GPU a CPU, v ktorom GPU m\u00f4\u017ee pristupova\u0165 k hlavnej pam\u00e4ti procesu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di i915 pre grafick\u00e9 karty Intel bola roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia mana\u017e\u00e9ra spr\u00e1vy video pam\u00e4te TTM a zapnut\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 spr\u00e1vy spotreby energie na b\u00e1ze GuC (Graphics micro Controller). Za\u010dala sa pr\u00edprava na implement\u00e1ciu podpory grafickej karty Intel ARC Alchemist a GPU Intel Xe-HP.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di nouveau je implementovan\u00e9 ovl\u00e1danie podsvietenia panelov eDP pomocou DPCD (DisplayPort Configuration Data).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da msm bola pridan\u00e1 podpora GPU Adreno 7c Gen 3 a Adreno 680.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre \u010dip Apple M1 bol implementovan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d IOMMU.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd zvukov\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d pre syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na APU AMD Van Gogh.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do vetvy staging bol pridan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d Realtek R8188EU, ktor\u00fd nahradil star\u0161iu verziu ovl\u00e1da\u010da (rtl8188eu) pre bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 \u010dipy Realtek RTL8188EU 802.11 b\/g\/n.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d ocp_pt pre PCIe kartu vyv\u00edjan\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Meta (Facebook) s implement\u00e1ciou mini atomov\u00fdch hod\u00edn a GNSS prij\u00edma\u010da, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 na organizovanie pr\u00e1ce samostatn\u00e9ho zosynchronizovania presn\u00e9ho \u010dasu. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/\"   title=\"serverov\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1616\">serverov<\/a> synchroniz\u00e1cie presn\u00e9ho \u010dasu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora smartf\u00f3nov Sony Xperia 10II (Snapdragon 665), Xiaomi Redmi 2 (Snapdragon MSM8916), Samsung Galaxy S3 (Snapdragon MSM8226), Samsung Gavini\/Codina\/Kyle.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora ARM SoC a platforiem NVIDIA Jetson TX2 NX Developer Kit, Sancloud BBE Lite, PicoITX, DRC02, SolidRun SolidSense, SKOV i.MX6, Nitrogen8, Traverse Ten64, GW7902, Microchip SAMA7, Qualcomm Snapdragon SDM636\/SM8150, Renesas R-Car H3e-2G\/M3e-2G, Marvell CN913x, ASpeed AST2600 (serverov\u00e9 dosky Facebook Cloudripper, Elbert a Fuji), 4KOpen STiH418-b2264.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora LCD panelov Gopher 2b, EDT ETM0350G0DH6\/ETMV570G2DHU, LOGIC Technologies LTTD800480070-L6WH-RT, Multi-Innotechnology MI1010AIT-1CP1, Innolux EJ030NA 3.0, ilitek ili9341, E Ink VB3300-KCA, Samsung ATNA33XC20, Samsung DB7430, WideChips WS2401.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d LiteETH s podporou Ethernet kontrol\u00e9rov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v softv\u00e9rov\u00fdch SoC LiteX (pre FPGA).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da usb-audio bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 lowlatency na riadenie zapnutia pr\u00e1ce v re\u017eime minim\u00e1lnych oneskoren\u00ed. Taktie\u017e bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 quirk_flags na prenos \u0161pecifick\u00fdch nastaven\u00ed pre zariadenie.      <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 latinskoamerick\u00fd Fond slobodn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru vytvoril variant \u00faplne slobodn\u00e9ho jadra 5.15 \u2014 Linux-libre 5.15-gnu, vy\u010disten\u00e9ho od prvkov firmv\u00e9ru a ovl\u00e1da\u010dov, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa nesl\u2000obodn\u00e9 komponenty alebo \u00faseky k\u00f3du, ktor\u00fdch oblas\u0165 pou\u017eitia je obmedzen\u00e1 v\u00fdrobcom. V novom vydan\u00ed je realizovan\u00e9 v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 hl\u00e1senie do logu o ukon\u010den\u00ed \u010distenia. Odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 probl\u00e9my pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed bal\u00edkov s pou\u017eit\u00edm mkspec, zlep\u0161en\u00e1 podpora bal\u00edkov snap. Odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 niektor\u00e9 varovania, ktor\u00e9 sa zobrazovali pri spracovan\u00ed hlavi\u010dkov\u00e9ho s\u00faboru firmware.h. Povolen\u00fd v\u00fdstup niektor\u00fdch typov varovan\u00ed (\u00abformat-extra-args\u00bb, koment\u00e1re, nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 funkcie a premenn\u00e9) pri kompil\u00e1cii v re\u017eime \u00ab-Werror\u00bb. Pridan\u00e9 \u010distenie ovl\u00e1da\u010da gehc-achc. Aktualizovan\u00fd k\u00f3d \u010distenia blobov v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch a subsyst\u00e9moch adreno, btusb, btintel, brcmfmac, aarch64 qcom. Preru\u0161en\u00e9 \u010distenie ovl\u00e1da\u010dov prism54 (odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9) a rtl8188eu (nahraden\u00e9 r8188eu).<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56079\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.15. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 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process_mrelease \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 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