{"id":102342,"date":"2021-11-20T15:36:48","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T13:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1"},"modified":"2021-11-20T15:36:48","modified_gmt":"2021-11-20T13:36:48","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie paketov\u00e9ho filtra nftables 1.0.1.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bol uvo\u013enen\u00fd bal\u00edk nfilter nftables 1.0.1, ktor\u00fd zjednocuje rozhrania pre filtrovanie paketov pre IPv4, IPv6, ARP a sie\u0165ov\u00e9 mosty (cielen\u00fd na nahradenie iptables, ip6tables, arptables a ebtables). Potrebn\u00e9 zmeny pre fungovanie verzie nftables 1.0.1 s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 v jadre Linux 5.16-rc1.      <\/p>\n<p>Bal\u00edk nftables zah\u0155\u0148a komponenty bal\u00edkov\u00e9ho filtra pracuj\u00face v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore, zatia\u013e \u010do na \u00farovni jadra zabezpe\u010duje \u010dinnos\u0165 subsyst\u00e9m nf_tables, ktor\u00fd je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou jadra Linux od verzie 3.13. Na \u00farovni jadra je poskytovan\u00e9 iba v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 rozhranie, nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 od konkr\u00e9tneho protokolu a poskytuj\u00face z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie na z\u00edskavanie \u00fadajov z paketov, vykon\u00e1vanie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s \u00fadajmi a riadenie toku.    <\/p>\n<p>Pravidl\u00e1 filtr\u00e1cie a \u0161pecifick\u00e9 spracovate\u013esk\u00e9 moduly pre protokoly s\u00fa kompilovan\u00e9 do bajtk\u00f3du v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore, po \u010dom je tento bajtk\u00f3d na\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd do jadra pomocou rozhrania Netlink a vykon\u00e1va sa v jadre na \u0161peci\u00e1lnom <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1lnom stroji\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4318\">virtu\u00e1lnom stroji<\/a>, pripom\u00ednaj\u00facom BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Tak\u00fdto pr\u00edstup umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdznamne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 ve\u013ekos\u0165 k\u00f3du filtr\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fd funguje na \u00farovni jadra a prenies\u0165 v\u0161etky funkcie parsovania pravidiel a logiky pr\u00e1ce s protokolmi do u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru.    <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 novinky:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165 pri na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00fdch zoznamov set a map.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zr\u00fdchlen\u00e9 op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edtanie zoznamov set a map.\n<li class=\"l\"> R\u00fdchlej\u0161ie zobrazenie vybran\u00fdch tabuliek a re\u0165azcov vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch s\u00faboroch pravidiel. Napr\u00edklad, \u010das vykonania pr\u00edkazu &#171;nft list ruleset&#187; na zobrazenie s\u00faboru pravidiel so 100 tis\u00edc riadkami je 3,049 sekundy, zatia\u013e \u010do pri zobrazen\u00ed len tabuliek nat a filter (&#171;nft list table nat&#187;, &#171;nft list table filter&#187;) sa skr\u00e1ti na 1,969 a 0,697 sekundy.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vykon\u00e1vanie dotazov s vo\u013ebou &#171;&#8212;terse&#187; bolo ur\u00fdchlen\u00e9 pri spracovan\u00ed pravidiel s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi set- a map-zoznamami.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 filtrovania prev\u00e1dzky z re\u0165azca &#171;egress&#187;, ktor\u00fd sa spracov\u00e1va na tej istej \u00farovni ako egress-spracovate\u013e v re\u0165azci netdev (hook egress), t.j. v \u0161t\u00e1diu, ke\u010f ovl\u00e1da\u010d prij\u00edma paket zo sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edka jadra.       table netdev filter {          chain egress {                  type filter hook egress devices = { eth0, eth1 } priority 0;                  meta priority set ip saddr map { 192.168.10.2 : abcd:2,   192.168.10.3 : abcd:3 }          }    }\n<li class=\"l\"> Povolen\u00e9 mapovanie a zmena bajtov v hlavi\u010dke a obsahu paketu na zadanom posune.      # nft add rule x y @ih,32,32 0x14000000 counter    # nft add rule x y @ih,32,32 set 0x14000000 counter    <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56192\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.1, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 1.0.1 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.16-rc1. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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