{"id":102963,"date":"2022-01-14T15:36:46","date_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/%d1%8d%d0%ba%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%82-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d1%81%d0%b8%d0%bc%d1%83%d0%bb%d1%8f%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%bc%d0%b5"},"modified":"2022-01-14T15:36:46","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:36:46","slug":"eksperiment-po-simulyaczii-polnorazme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/eksperiment-po-simulyaczii-polnorazme","title":{"rendered":"Experiment so simul\u00e1ciou plnohodnotnej siete Tor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vedci z Univerzity Waterloo a V\u00fdskumnej laborat\u00f3rium n\u00e1morn\u00edctva USA predstavili v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdvoja simul\u00e1tora siete Tor, ktor\u00fd sa po\u010dtom uzlov a pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov vyrovn\u00e1va hlavnej sieti Tor a umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 experimenty pribl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 k re\u00e1lnym podmienkam. N\u00e1stroje a metodol\u00f3gia vytvoren\u00e9 po\u010das experimentu umo\u017enili na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di s 4 TB RAM simulova\u0165 prev\u00e1dzku siete z 6489 uzlov Tor, ku ktorej sa s\u00fa\u010dasne prip\u00e1jalo 792 tis\u00edc virtu\u00e1lnych pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov.     <\/p>\n<p>Upozor\u0148uje sa, \u017ee ide o prv\u00fa plnohodnotn\u00fa simul\u00e1ciu siete Tor, ktorej po\u010det uzlov zodpoved\u00e1 skuto\u010dnej sieti (pracovn\u00e1 sie\u0165 Tor m\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 6 tis\u00edc uzlov a 2 mili\u00f3ny pripojen\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov). Plnohodnotn\u00e1 simul\u00e1cia siete Tor predstavuje z\u00e1ujem z poh\u013eadu odha\u013eovania \u00fazkych miest, modelovania spr\u00e1vania v d\u00f4sledku \u00fatokov, testovania nov\u00fdch met\u00f3d optimaliz\u00e1cie v re\u00e1lnych podmienkach a overovania konceptov s\u00favisiacich s zabezpe\u010den\u00edm bezpe\u010dnosti.     <\/p>\n<p>S pr\u00edtomnos\u0165ou plnohodnotn\u00e9ho simul\u00e1tora m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri Tor opusti\u0165 praktiku vykon\u00e1vania experimentov v hlavnej sieti alebo na jednotliv\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch uzloch, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa dodato\u010dn\u00e9 riziko naru\u0161enia d\u00f4vernosti pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov a nevylu\u010duj\u00fa vznik por\u00fach. Napr\u00edklad v najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch mesiacoch sa o\u010dak\u00e1va zavedenie podpory nov\u00e9ho protokolu riadenia pre\u0165a\u017eenia v Tori a simul\u00e1cia umo\u017en\u00ed d\u00f4kladne presk\u00fama\u0165 jeho fungovanie pred jeho nasaden\u00edm do re\u00e1lnej siete.    <\/p>\n<p>Okrem vyl\u00fa\u010denia vplyvu experimentov na d\u00f4vernos\u0165 a spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 hlavnej siete Tor, existencia samostatn\u00fdch testovac\u00edch siet\u00ed umo\u017en\u00ed r\u00fdchlo testova\u0165 a odla\u010fova\u0165 nov\u00fd k\u00f3d v procese v\u00fdvoja, okam\u017eite zav\u00e1dza\u0165 zmeny pre v\u0161etky uzly a pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov bez \u010dakania na dokon\u010denie dlh\u00fdch medzi-nasaden\u00ed, r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 a testova\u0165 prototypy s realiz\u00e1ciou nov\u00fdch n\u00e1padov.      <\/p>\n<p>Pracuje sa na vylep\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1strojov, ktor\u00e9 pod\u013ea vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov zn\u00ed\u017eia spotrebu zdrojov desa\u0165n\u00e1sobne a umo\u017enia na rovnakom zariaden\u00ed simulova\u0165 pr\u00e1cu siet\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 prevy\u0161uj\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00fa sie\u0165, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 na identifik\u00e1ciu mo\u017en\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov so \u0161k\u00e1lovan\u00edm Toru. Po\u010das pr\u00e1ce bolo taktie\u017e vytvoren\u00fdch nieko\u013eko nov\u00fdch met\u00f3d modelovania siete, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa predpoveda\u0165 zmeny stavu siete v priebehu \u010dasu a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pozadia gener\u00e1tory prev\u00e1dzky na simul\u00e1ciu aktivity pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov.        <\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00edci tie\u017e sk\u00famali s\u00favislos\u0165 medzi ve\u013ekos\u0165ou simulovanej siete a presnos\u0165ou projekcie v\u00fdsledkov experimentov na skuto\u010dn\u00fa sie\u0165. Po\u010das v\u00fdvoja Toru sa predbe\u017en\u00e1 kontrola zaveden\u00fdch zmien a optimaliz\u00e1ci\u00ed realizuje v mal\u00fdch testovac\u00edch sie\u0165ach, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa v\u00fdrazne menej uzlov a pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov ako skuto\u010dn\u00e1 sie\u0165. Zistilo sa, \u017ee \u0161tatistick\u00e9 chyby predpoved\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch pri realiz\u00e1cii mal\u00fdch simul\u00e1ci\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 kompenzova\u0165 opakovan\u00edm nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch experimentov s r\u00f4znymi sadami vstupn\u00fdch \u00fadajov, pri\u010dom \u010d\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia je simulovan\u00e1 sie\u0165, t\u00fdm menej opakovan\u00fdch testov je potrebn\u00fdch na z\u00edskanie \u0161tatisticky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch z\u00e1verov.    <\/p>\n<p>Pre modelovanie a simul\u00e1ciu siete Tor sa vyv\u00edja nieko\u013eko otvoren\u00fdch projektov, ktor\u00e9 sa \u0161\u00edria pod licenciou BSD:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Shadow \u2014 univerz\u00e1lny simul\u00e1tor siete, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje sp\u00fa\u0161ta\u0165 k\u00f3d skuto\u010dn\u00fdch sie\u0165ov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed na reprodukciu fungovania distribuovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov s tis\u00edckami sie\u0165ov\u00fdch procesov. Na simul\u00e1ciu syst\u00e9mov zalo\u017een\u00fdch na re\u00e1lnych nemodifikovan\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sa v Shadow pou\u017e\u00edva technika emul\u00e1cie syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed. Sie\u0165ov\u00e1 interakcia aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed v simulovanom prostred\u00ed sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje prostredn\u00edctvom nasadenia <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"196\">VPN<\/a> a vyu\u017eitie simul\u00e1torov typick\u00fdch sie\u0165ov\u00fdch protokolov (TCP, UDP). Podporuje sa prisp\u00f4sobite\u013en\u00e9 modelovanie vlastnost\u00ed virtu\u00e1lnej siete, ako je strata paketov a oneskorenia pri doru\u010den\u00ed. Okrem experimentov s Torom sa pok\u00fasili vyvin\u00fa\u0165 plugin pre Shadow na simul\u00e1ciu siete Bitcoin, av\u0161ak tento projekt sa nepokra\u010doval.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tornettools \u2014 n\u00e1stroj na generovanie realistick\u00fdch modelov siete Tor, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 spusten\u00e9 v prostred\u00ed Shadow, ako aj na sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie a nastavenie procesu simul\u00e1cie, zhroma\u017e\u010fovanie a vizualiz\u00e1ciu v\u00fdsledkov. Ako \u0161abl\u00f3ny na generovanie siete m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 metriky odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00face fungovanie re\u00e1lnej siete Tor.\n<li class=\"l\"> TGen \u2014 gener\u00e1tor tokov prev\u00e1dzky na z\u00e1klade parametrov zadan\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom (ve\u013ekos\u0165, oneskorenia, po\u010det tokov at\u010f.). Sch\u00e9my formovania prev\u00e1dzky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 definovan\u00e9 ako na z\u00e1klade \u0161peci\u00e1lnych scen\u00e1rov vo form\u00e1te GraphML, tak aj pomocou pravdepodobnostn\u00fdch Markovsk\u00fdch modelov rozdelenia TCP tokov a paketov.\n<li class=\"l\"> OnionTrace \u2014 n\u00e1stroj na sledovanie v\u00fdkonu a udalost\u00ed v simulovanej sieti Tor, ako aj na zaznamen\u00e1vanie a reprodukciu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o tvorbe re\u0165azcov uzlov Tor a ich prepojen\u00ed s tokmi prev\u00e1dzky.              <\/ul>\n<p>              <center>  <div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"CyCXtOmT9Cw\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/CyCXtOmT9Cw\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Prehrajte video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56507\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0423\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0443 \u0438 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 Tor, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e Tor \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441 4 \u0422\u0411 \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 6489 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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