{"id":103999,"date":"2022-05-10T21:36:45","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T19:36:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/predstavlen-distributiv-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9"},"modified":"2022-05-10T21:36:45","modified_gmt":"2022-05-10T19:36:45","slug":"predstavlen-distributiv-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/predstavlen-distributiv-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9","title":{"rendered":"Bol uveden\u00fd distribu\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Red Hat predstavila vydanie distrib\u00facie Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Hotov\u00e9 in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00e9 obrazy bud\u00fa \u010doskoro dostupn\u00e9 pre registrovan\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov Red Hat Customer Portal (na hodnotenie funk\u010dnosti je mo\u017en\u00e9 tie\u017e pou\u017ei\u0165 iso-obrazy CentOS Stream 9). Vydanie je vytvoren\u00e9 pre architekt\u00fary x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le a Aarch64 (ARM64). Zdrojov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy rpm-bal\u00edkov Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 v Git-repozit\u00e1ri CentOS. V s\u00falade s 10-ro\u010dn\u00fdm cyklom podpory distrib\u00facie bude RHEL 9 podporovan\u00fd a\u017e do roku 2032. Aktualiz\u00e1cie pre RHEL 7 bud\u00fa na\u010falej vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 do 30. j\u00fana 2024, RHEL 8 \u2014 do 31. m\u00e1ja 2029.     <\/p>\n<p>Distrib\u00facia Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 vynik\u00e1 prechodom na otvorenej\u0161\u00ed proces v\u00fdvoja. Na rozdiel od predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich vetiev, ako z\u00e1klad pre vytvorenie distrib\u00facie bola pou\u017eit\u00e1 bal\u00edkov\u00e1 z\u00e1klad\u0148a CentOS Stream 9. CentOS Stream je pozicionovan\u00fd ako upstream projekt pre RHEL, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje extern\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkom kontrolova\u0165 pr\u00edpravu bal\u00edkov pre RHEL, navrhova\u0165 svoje zmeny a ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 prij\u00edman\u00e9 rozhodnutia. Predt\u00fdm bol z\u00e1kladom pre nov\u00fa vetvu RHEL snapshot jednej z verzi\u00ed Fedora, ktor\u00e1 bola upravovan\u00e1 a stabilizovan\u00e1 za zavret\u00fdmi dverami, bez mo\u017enosti kontrolova\u0165 priebeh v\u00fdvoja a prij\u00edman\u00e9 rozhodnutia. Teraz je na z\u00e1klade snapshotu Fedora s \u00fa\u010das\u0165ou komunity formovan\u00e1 vetva CentOS Stream, v ktorej sa vykon\u00e1va pr\u00edpravn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca a formuje sa z\u00e1klad pre nov\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fa vetvu RHEL.        <\/p>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 zmeny:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Aktualizovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 prostredie a n\u00e1stroje na zostavovanie. Na zostavovanie bal\u00edkov bol pou\u017eit\u00fd GCC 11. \u0160tandardn\u00e1 C kni\u017enica bola aktualizovan\u00e1 na glibc 2.34. Bal\u00edk s jadrom Linux je postaven\u00fd na z\u00e1klade verzie 5.14. Spr\u00e1vca bal\u00edkov RPM bol aktualizovan\u00fd na verziu 4.16 s podporou kontroly integrity prostredn\u00edctvom fapolicyd.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Dokon\u010den\u00e1 migr\u00e1cia distrib\u00facie na Python 3. Predvolen\u00e1 verzia je Python 3.9. Dod\u00e1vka Python 2 bola preru\u0161en\u00e1.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Desktop je zalo\u017een na GNOME 40 (v RHEL 8 bol dodan\u00fd GNOME 3.28) a kni\u017enici GTK 4. V GNOME 40 s\u00fa virtu\u00e1lne pracovn\u00e9 plochy v re\u017eime preh\u013eadu (Activities Overview) preveden\u00e9 do horizont\u00e1lnej orient\u00e1cie a zobrazuj\u00fa sa ako nepretr\u017eite pos\u00favan\u00fd re\u0165azec sprava do\u013eava. Na ka\u017edej pracovnej ploche, ktor\u00e1 je zobrazen\u00e1 v preh\u013eadovom re\u017eime, s\u00fa jasne zobrazen\u00e9 otvoren\u00e9 okn\u00e1, na ktor\u00e9 sa aplikuje dynamick\u00e9 panor\u00e1movanie a pribl\u00ed\u017eenie pri interakcii pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Je zabezpe\u010den\u00fd plynul\u00fd prechod medzi zoznamom aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a virtu\u00e1lnymi pracovn\u00fdmi plochami.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V GNOME je zapojen\u00fd spracovate\u013e power-profiles-daemon, ktor\u00fd poskytuje mo\u017enos\u0165 prehupnutia na letm\u00e9 prep\u00ednanie medzi re\u017eimom \u00faspory energie, re\u017eimom vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho spotrebovania energie a re\u017eimom maxim\u00e1lneho v\u00fdkonu.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V\u0161etky zvukov\u00e9 toky s\u00fa preveden\u00e9 na multimedi\u00e1lny server PipeWire, ktor\u00fd sa teraz pou\u017e\u00edva ako predvolen\u00fd miesto PulseAudio a JACK. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie PipeWire umo\u017e\u0148uje v be\u017enej desktopovej ed\u00edcii poskytn\u00fa\u0165 mo\u017enosti profesion\u00e1lneho spracovania zvuku, zbavi\u0165 sa fragment\u00e1cie a zjednoti\u0165 zvukov\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru pre r\u00f4zne aplik\u00e1cie.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Predvolene je skryt\u00e9 zav\u00e1dzacie menu GRUB, ak je RHEL jedin\u00fdm distrib\u00faciou nain\u0161talovanou v syst\u00e9me a ak predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face zavedenie prebehlo bez ch\u00fdb. Na zobrazenie menu po\u010das zav\u00e1dzania sta\u010d\u00ed dr\u017ea\u0165 kl\u00e1ves Shift alebo nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t stla\u010di\u0165 kl\u00e1ves Esc alebo F8. Medzi zmenami v zav\u00e1dza\u010di je aj umiestnenie konfigura\u010dn\u00fdch s\u00faborov GRUB pre v\u0161etky architekt\u00fary do jedn\u00e9ho adres\u00e1ra \/boot\/grub2\/ (s\u00fabor \/boot\/efi\/EFI\/redhat\/grub.cfg je teraz symbolick\u00e1 referencia na \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg), t.j. t\u00fa ist\u00fa nain\u0161talovan\u00fa s\u00fastavu je mo\u017en\u00e9 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 ako s vyu\u017eit\u00edm EFI, tak aj BIOS.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Komponenty na podporu r\u00f4znych jazykov s\u00fa vy\u010dlenen\u00e9 do bal\u00ed\u010dkov langpacks, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa variabilitu \u00farovne in\u0161talovanej jazykovej podpory. Napr\u00edklad, v bal\u00ed\u010dku langpacks-core-font s\u00fa pon\u00fakan\u00e9 iba p\u00edsma, v langpacks-core - lokalita pre glibc, z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 p\u00edsmo a vstupn\u00e1 met\u00f3da, a v langpacks - preklady, \u010fal\u0161ie p\u00edsma a slovn\u00edky na kontrolu pravopisu.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Aktualizovan\u00e9 komponenty pre zabezpe\u010denie. V distrib\u00facii je zapojen\u00e1 nov\u00e1 vetva kryptografickej kni\u017enice OpenSSL 3.0. Predvolene s\u00fa zapnut\u00e9 modernej\u0161ie a spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ie kryptografick\u00e9 algoritmy (napr\u00edklad je zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 pou\u017eitie SHA-1 v TLS, DTLS, SSH, IKEv2 a Kerberos, vypnut\u00e9 s\u00fa TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, DTLS 1.0, RC4, Camellia, DSA, 3DES a FFDHE-1024). Bal\u00edk OpenSSH bol aktualizovan\u00fd na verziu 8.6p1. Cyrus SASL bol prelo\u017een\u00fd na backend GDBM namiesto Berkeley DB. V kni\u017eniciach NSS (Network Security Services) bola ukon\u010den\u00e1 podpora DBM form\u00e1tu (Berkeley DB). GnuTLS bol aktualizovan\u00fd na verziu 3.7.2.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V\u00fdrazne sa zv\u00fd\u0161il v\u00fdkon SELinux a zn\u00ed\u017eila pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165. V \/etc\/selinux\/config bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 podpora nastavenia \u201eSELINUX=disabled\u201c na vypnutie SELinuxu (uveden\u00e9 nastavenie teraz iba vyp\u00edna na\u010d\u00edtanie polit\u00edk, a na skuto\u010dn\u00e9 vypnutie funk\u010dnosti SELinuxu je teraz potrebn\u00e9 prenos do jadra parametru \u201eselinux=0\u201c).    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 experiment\u00e1lna podpora <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"210\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Predvolene je zak\u00e1zan\u00fd pr\u00edstup po SSH pod pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom root.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00e1stroje na spr\u00e1vu bal\u00edkov filtra iptables-nft (n\u00e1stroje iptables, ip6tables, ebtables a arptables) a ipset s\u00fa ozn\u00e1men\u00e9 ako zastaran\u00e9. Na spr\u00e1vu firewallu sa teraz odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 nftables.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zaveden\u00fd je nov\u00fd d\u00e9mon mptcpd na nastavenie MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), roz\u0161\u00edrenia protokolu TCP na organiz\u00e1ciu TCP pripojen\u00ed s dod\u00e1vkou paketov s\u00fa\u010dasne cez nieko\u013eko tr\u00e1s prostredn\u00edctvom r\u00f4znych sie\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed viazan\u00fdch na r\u00f4zne IP adresy. Pou\u017eitie mptcpd umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavi\u0165 MPTCP bez nutnosti pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 n\u00e1stroj iproute2.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bal\u00edk network-scripts bol odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd, na konfigur\u00e1ciu sie\u0165ov\u00fdch pripojen\u00ed sa m\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 NetworkManager. Podpora form\u00e1tu nastaven\u00ed ifcfg bola zachovan\u00e1, ale NetworkManager predvolene pou\u017e\u00edva form\u00e1t na b\u00e1ze s\u00faboru keyfile.          <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zaveden\u00e9 s\u00fa nov\u00e9 verzie kompil\u00e1torov a n\u00e1strojov pre v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov: GCC 11.2, LLVM\/Clang 12.0.1, Rust 1.54, Go 1.16.6, Node.js 16, OpenJDK 17, Perl 5.32, PHP 8.0, Python 3.9, Ruby 3.0, Git 2.31, Subversion 1.14, binutils 2.35, CMake 3.20.2, Maven 3.6, Ant 1.10.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Aktualizovan\u00e9 serverov\u00e9 bal\u00edky Apache HTTP Server 2.4.48, nginx 1.20, Varnish Cache 6.5, Squid 5.1.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Aktualizovan\u00e9 DBMS MariaDB 10.5, MySQL 8.0, PostgreSQL 13, Redis 6.2.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Na kompil\u00e1ciu emul\u00e1tora QEMU je predvolene pou\u017eit\u00fd Clang, \u010do umo\u017enilo implementova\u0165 v hyperv\u00edzore KVM niektor\u00e9 dodato\u010dn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 mechanizmy, ako je SafeStack na ochranu pred met\u00f3dami exploit\u00e1cie zalo\u017een\u00fdmi na n\u00e1vratovo orientovanom programovan\u00ed (ROP - Return-Oriented Programming).        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V SSSD (Daemon slu\u017eieb zabezpe\u010denia syst\u00e9mu) bola zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 podrobnos\u0165 protokolovania, napr\u00edklad k udalostiam je teraz priraden\u00fd \u010das dokon\u010denia \u00falohy a s\u00fa zobrazen\u00e9 autentifika\u010dn\u00e9 toky. Pridan\u00e9 funkcie vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania na anal\u00fdzu probl\u00e9mov s konfigur\u00e1ciou a v\u00fdkonom.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 podpora IMA (Architekt\u00fara merania integrity) na overovanie integrity komponentov opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu prostredn\u00edctvom digit\u00e1lnych podpisov a hashov.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jednotn\u00e1 unifikovan\u00e1 hierarchia cgroup (cgroup v2) je predvolene akt\u00edvna. Cgroups v2 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 napr\u00edklad na obmedzenie spotreby pam\u00e4te, CPU a vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm rozdielom medzi cgroups v2 a v1 je aplik\u00e1cia spolo\u010dnej hierarchie cgroups pre v\u0161etky druhy zdrojov, namiesto oddelen\u00fdch hierarchi\u00ed na rozde\u013eovanie zdrojov CPU, regul\u00e1ciu spotreby pam\u00e4te a pre vstup\/v\u00fdstup. Oddelen\u00e9 hierarchie viedli k \u0165a\u017ekostiam s organiz\u00e1ciou interakcie medzi spracovate\u013emi a k dodato\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1kladom na zdroje jadra pri aplikovan\u00ed pravidiel na procesy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v r\u00f4znych hierarchi\u00e1ch.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora synchroniz\u00e1cie presn\u00e9ho \u010dasu na z\u00e1klade protokolu NTS (Network Time Security), ktor\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edva prvky infra\u0161trukt\u00fary verejn\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov (PKI) a umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 TLS a autentifikovan\u00e9 \u0161ifrovanie AEAD (Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data) pre kryptografick\u00fa ochranu interakcie klienta a <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"servera\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3811\">servera<\/a> prostredn\u00edctvom protokolu NTP (Network Time Protocol). NTP server chrony bol aktualizovan\u00fd na verziu 4.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 experiment\u00e1lna (Technology Preview) podpora KTLS (realiz\u00e1cia TLS na \u00farovni jadra), Intel SGX (Software Guard Extensions), DAX (Direct Access) pre ext4 a XFS, podpora AMD SEV a SEV-ES v hyperv\u00edzore KVM.         <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57167\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. \u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 Red Hat Customer Portal (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c iso-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b CentOS Stream 9). \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le \u0438 Aarch64 (ARM64). \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b rpm-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Red Hat Enterprise [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta 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