Organiz\u00e1cia Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), ktor\u00e1 zabezpe\u010duje pr\u00e1vnu ochranu slobodn\u00fdm projektom a obhajuje potrebnos\u0165 dodr\u017eiavania licencie GPL, ozn\u00e1mila ukon\u010denie ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek vyu\u017e\u00edvania platformy pre spolo\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj k\u00f3du GitHub a vyzvala v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov in\u00fdch otvoren\u00fdch projektov, aby ju nasledovali. Organiz\u00e1cia tie\u017e spustila iniciat\u00edvu zameran\u00fa na zjednodu\u0161enie migr\u00e1cie projektov z GitHub na otvorenej\u0161ie alternat\u00edvy, ako s\u00fa CodeBerg (postaven\u00fd na Gitea) a SourceHut, alebo zavedenie vlastn\u00fdch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb na svojich serveroch zalo\u017een\u00fdch na otvoren\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch, ako s\u00fa Gitea alebo GitLab Community Edition. <\/p>\n
K vzniku iniciat\u00edvy organiz\u00e1ciu SFC podnietilo nechcenie GitHub a Microsoftu zaobera\u0165 sa etick\u00fdmi a pr\u00e1vnymi nuansami vyu\u017e\u00edvania zdrojov\u00fdch textov slobodn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru ako z\u00e1kladu na vybudovanie modelu strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia v komer\u010dnej slu\u017ebe GitHub Copilot. Z\u00e1stupcovia SFC sa sna\u017eili zisti\u0165, \u010di je vytvoren\u00fd model strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia objektom autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, a ak \u00e1no, komu tieto pr\u00e1va patria a ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s pr\u00e1vami na k\u00f3d, na ktorom je model postaven\u00fd. Taktie\u017e nie je jasn\u00e9, \u010di m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 blok k\u00f3du, generovan\u00fd v GitHub Copilot a opakuj\u00faci k\u00f3d pou\u017eit\u00fd pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed modelu, pova\u017eovan\u00fd za odvoden\u00e9 dielo, a \u010di m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zaradenie tak\u00fdchto blokov do propriet\u00e1rneho softv\u00e9ru pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za poru\u0161enie copyleft licenci\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Z\u00e1stupcom Microsoftu a GitHubu boli polo\u017een\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o tom, na ak\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne normy sa odvol\u00e1val riadite\u013e GitHubu, ke\u010f vyhl\u00e1sil, \u017ee tr\u00e9ning modelu strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia na verejne dostupn\u00fdch \u00fadajoch spad\u00e1 do kateg\u00f3rie f\u00e9rov\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania a spracovanie k\u00f3du v GitHub Copilot je mo\u017en\u00e9 pova\u017eova\u0165 za podobn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaniu kompil\u00e1tora. Navy\u0161e, Microsoft bol po\u017eiadan\u00fd o poskytnutie zoznamu licenci\u00ed a preh\u013eadu n\u00e1zvov repozit\u00e1rov, ktor\u00e9 boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 pri \u0161koliacom procese modelu. <\/p>\n
Bola tie\u017e polo\u017een\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, ako sa vyrovn\u00e1va tvrdenie, \u017ee model m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tr\u00e9novan\u00fd na akomko\u013evek k\u00f3de bez oh\u013eadu na pou\u017eit\u00e9 licencie s t\u00fdm, \u017ee pre tr\u00e9ning GitHub Copilot bol pou\u017eit\u00fd len k\u00f3d odvozen\u00fd z otvoren\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru a tr\u00e9ning sa net\u00fdka k\u00f3du uzavret\u00fdch repozit\u00e1rov a propriet\u00e1rnych produktov spolo\u010dnosti, ako s\u00fa Windows a MS Office. Ak je tr\u00e9ning modelu na akomko\u013evek k\u00f3de spravodliv\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm, pre\u010do si Microsoft cen\u00ed svoj du\u0161evn\u00fd majetok viac ako du\u0161evn\u00fd majetok v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov otvoren\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru. <\/p>\n
Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Microsoft sa vyhla odpovediam a neposkytla pr\u00e1vnu anal\u00fdzu, ktor\u00e1 by potvrdila legit\u00edmnos\u0165 jej tvrden\u00ed o spravodlivom pou\u017eit\u00ed. Pokusy z\u00edska\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie sa uskuto\u010d\u0148ovali od j\u00fala minul\u00e9ho roka. Najprv z\u00e1stupcovia Microsoftu a GitHubu s\u013e\u00fabili, \u017ee odpovedia v bl\u00edzkej dobe, ale nakoniec sa neozvali. Po polroku sa iniciovalo verejn\u00e9 rokovanie o potenci\u00e1lnych pr\u00e1vnych a etick\u00fdch probl\u00e9moch v syst\u00e9moch strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia, ale z\u00e1stupcovia Microsoftu ignorovali pozvanie z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 sa na \u0148om. Nakoniec, po roku, z\u00e1stupcovia Microsoftu priamo odmietli diskutova\u0165 t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku, pri\u010dom vysvetlili, \u017ee diskusia je nezmyseln\u00e1, preto\u017ee pravdepodobne nezmen\u00ed postoj SFC. <\/p>\n
Okrem s\u0165a\u017enost\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s projektom GitHub Copilot sa uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa aj nasleduj\u00face probl\u00e9my GitHub: <\/p>\n
Okrem toho sa uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee organiz\u00e1cia SFC pozastavila prij\u00edmanie nov\u00fdch projektov, ktor\u00e9 nepl\u00e1nuj\u00fa migrova\u0165 z GitHubu. Pre u\u017e existuj\u00face projekty v SFC nie je odchod z GitHubu n\u00faten\u00fd, ale organiz\u00e1cia je pripraven\u00e1 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 im v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 zdroje a podporu, ak sa rozhodn\u00fa prejs\u0165 na in\u00fa platformu. Okrem \u010dinnosti na ochranu pr\u00e1v sa organiz\u00e1cia SFC zaober\u00e1 akumulovan\u00edm sponzorsk\u00fdch prostriedkov a poskytovan\u00edm pr\u00e1vnej ochrany pre otvoren\u00e9 projekty, preberaj\u00fac funkcie zbierania darov a spr\u00e1vy akt\u00edv projektov, \u010do odbremen\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov od osobnej zodpovednosti v pr\u00edpade s\u00fadnych sporov. Medzi projekty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vyv\u00edjan\u00e9 s podporou SFC, patr\u00ed Git, CoreBoot, Wine, Samba, OpenWrt, QEMU, Mercurial, BusyBox, Inkscape a \u010fal\u0161ie pribli\u017ene tucet otvoren\u00fdch projektov. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438 GPL, 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"