{"id":104751,"date":"2022-08-01T09:36:42","date_gmt":"2022-08-01T07:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-19"},"modified":"2022-08-01T09:36:42","modified_gmt":"2022-08-01T07:36:42","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-19","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie jadra Linux 5.19","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvoch mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja Linus Torvalds predstavil vydanie jadra Linux 5.19. Medzi najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edmi zmenami s\u00fa: podpora procesorovej architekt\u00fary LoongArch, integr\u00e1cia z\u00e1plat \u201eBIG TCP\u201c, re\u017eim \u201eon-demand\u201c v fscache, odstr\u00e1nenie k\u00f3du pre podporu form\u00e1tu a.out, mo\u017enos\u0165 aplik\u00e1cie ZSTD na kompresiu firmv\u00e9rov, rozhranie na spr\u00e1vu vyra\u010fovania pam\u00e4te zo pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru, zlep\u0161enie spo\u013eahlivosti a v\u00fdkonu gener\u00e1tora pseudon\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, podpora roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed Intel IFS (In-Field Scan), AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging), Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions) a ARM SME (Scalable Matrix Extension).     <\/p>\n<p>V ozn\u00e1men\u00ed Linus uviedol, \u017ee pravdepodobne nasleduj\u00facemu vydaniu jadra bude pridelen\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo 6.0, preto\u017ee vo vetve 5.x sa nahromadili dostato\u010dn\u00e9 vydania na to, aby sa zmenilo prv\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo vo verzii. Zmena \u010d\u00edslovania sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje z estetick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov a predstavuje form\u00e1lny krok, ktor\u00fd odstra\u0148uje nepohodlie z hromadenia ve\u013ek\u00e9ho po\u010dtu vydan\u00ed v s\u00e9rii.     <\/p>\n<p>Linus tie\u017e spomenul, \u017ee na vytv\u00e1ranie vydania pou\u017eil notebook Apple zalo\u017een\u00fd na architekt\u00fare ARM64 (Apple Silicon) s Linuxov\u00fdm prostred\u00edm na z\u00e1klade distrib\u00facie Asahi Linux. Toto nie je jeho hlavn\u00e1 pracovn\u00e1 stanica, ale t\u00fato platformu pou\u017eil na overenie jej vhodnosti na pr\u00e1cu na jadre a aby si bol ist\u00fd, \u017ee bude schopn\u00fd vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 vydania jadra na cest\u00e1ch, pri\u010dom mal po ruke \u013eahk\u00fd notebook. Predt\u00fdm, pred mnoh\u00fdmi rokmi, mal Linus sk\u00fasenosti s pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm zariaden\u00ed Apple na v\u00fdvoj - kedysi pou\u017e\u00edval po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na b\u00e1ze CPU ppc970 a notebook Macbook Air.      <\/p>\n<p>Do novej verzie bolo prijat\u00fdch 16401 opr\u00e1v od 2190 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov (v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom vydan\u00ed bolo 16206 opr\u00e1v od 2127 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov), ve\u013ekos\u0165 z\u00e1platy je 90 MB (zmeny sa dotkli 13847 s\u00faborov, pridalo sa 1149456 riadkov k\u00f3du, odstr\u00e1nilo sa 349177 riadkov). Pribli\u017ene 39 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch zmien predstaven\u00fdch v 5.19 s\u00favis\u00ed s ovl\u00e1da\u010dmi zariaden\u00ed, pribli\u017ene 21 % zmien sa t\u00fdka aktualiz\u00e1cie k\u00f3du \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho pre hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 architekt\u00fary, 11 % s\u00favis\u00ed s sie\u0165ov\u00fdm z\u00e1sobn\u00edkom, 4 % s s\u00faborov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami a 3 % s intern\u00fdmi subsyst\u00e9mami jadra.                 <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 novinky v jadre 5.19:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, I\/O a s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> S\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m EROFS (Enhanced Read-Only File System), ur\u010den\u00fd na pou\u017e\u00edvanie na oddieloch pr\u00edstupn\u00fdch v re\u017eime iba na \u010d\u00edtanie, bol prelo\u017een\u00fd na pou\u017e\u00edvanie subsyst\u00e9mu fscache poskytuj\u00faceho cacheovanie \u00fadajov. T\u00e1to zmena umo\u017enila v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon syst\u00e9mov, v ktor\u00fdch sa z obrazu zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na EROFS sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a ve\u013ek\u00fd po\u010det kontajnerov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu fscache bol pridan\u00fd re\u017eim \u010d\u00edtania na po\u017eiadanie (\u201eon-demand\u201c), ktor\u00fd je aktivovan\u00fd pre optimaliz\u00e1ciu EROFS. Nov\u00fd re\u017eim umo\u017e\u0148uje organizova\u0165 vyrovn\u00e1vaciu pam\u00e4\u0165 pre \u010d\u00edtanie zo s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov nach\u00e1dzaj\u00facich sa v lok\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me. Na rozdiel od p\u00f4vodne dostupn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu, zameran\u00e9ho na vyrovn\u00e1vaciu pam\u00e4\u0165 vo lok\u00e1lnom s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me \u00fadajov pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fdch cez sie\u0165ov\u00e9 s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, re\u017eim \u201eon-demand\u201c deleguje funkcie extrakcie \u00fadajov a ich z\u00e1pisu do vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te samostatn\u00e9mu pozadiemu procesu, ktor\u00fd be\u017e\u00ed v pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore.\n<li class=\"l\"> V XFS bola zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 uchov\u00e1vania mili\u00e1rd roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch atrib\u00fatov v i-node. Maxim\u00e1lny po\u010det extentov pre jeden s\u00fabor bol zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd z 4 mili\u00e1rd na 247. Implementovan\u00fd bol re\u017eim pre atom\u00e1rne aktualizovanie viacer\u00fdch roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch atrib\u00fatov s\u00faboru.\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me Btrfs je optimalizovan\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca s blok\u00e1dami, \u010do umo\u017enilo dosiahnu\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161enie v\u00fdkonu pribli\u017ene o 7% pri priamej z\u00e1pise v re\u017eime nowait. V\u00fdkon oper\u00e1ci\u00ed v re\u017eime NOCOW (bez copy-on-write) bol zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd pribli\u017ene o 3%. Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e na str\u00e1nkovom cache pri pr\u00e1ci pr\u00edkazu &#171;send&#187;. Minim\u00e1lna ve\u013ekos\u0165 podstr\u00e1nok bola zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 z 64K na 4K (je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 podstr\u00e1nky men\u0161\u00edch rozmerov ako s\u00fa strany jadra). Bol uskuto\u010dnen\u00fd prechod z pou\u017e\u00edvania z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho stromu (radix tree) na algoritmus XArrays.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na NFS server bol pridan\u00fd re\u017eim predl\u017eenia uchov\u00e1vania stavu z\u00e1mku, ktor\u00fd bol nastaven\u00fd klientom, ktor\u00fd prestal reagova\u0165 na po\u017eiadavky. Nov\u00fd re\u017eim umo\u017e\u0148uje odlo\u017ei\u0165 vy\u010distenie z\u00e1mku a\u017e na jeden de\u0148, ak in\u00fd klient nepo\u017eaduje konkuruj\u00faci z\u00e1mok. V be\u017enom re\u017eime sa z\u00e1mok \u010dist\u00ed po 90 sekund\u00e1ch po tom, ako klient prestal reagova\u0165.\n<li class=\"l\"> V subsyst\u00e9me sledovania udalost\u00ed vo FS fanotify bol implementovan\u00fd flag FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE, pomocou ktor\u00e9ho je mo\u017en\u00e9 vypn\u00fa\u0165 fix\u00e1ciu cie\u013eov\u00fdch i-node v cache, napr\u00edklad na ignorovanie podvetiev bez ich \u010dast\u00ed v cache.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da pre s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m FAT32 bola pridan\u00e1 podpora z\u00edskavania inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o \u010dase vytvorenia s\u00faboru prostredn\u00edctvom syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania statx s realiz\u00e1ciou efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ej a funk\u010dnej\u0161ej verzie stat(), ktor\u00e1 vracia roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o s\u00fabore.\n<li class=\"l\"> Boli vykonan\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 optimaliz\u00e1cie v ovl\u00e1da\u010di exFAT, t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u010distenia skupiny sektorov pri akt\u00edvnom re\u017eime &#8216;dirsync&#8217;, namiesto sekven\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010distenia po sektoroch. Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm po\u010dtu po\u017eiadaviek na bloky po vykonan\u00ed optimaliz\u00e1cie sa v\u00fdkon vytv\u00e1rania ve\u013ek\u00e9ho po\u010dtu adres\u00e1rov na SD karte zv\u00fd\u0161il o viac ako 73-85% v z\u00e1vislosti od ve\u013ekosti klastera.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jadra bolo zahrnut\u00e9 prv\u00e9 opravn\u00e9 aktualizovanie ovl\u00e1da\u010da ntfs3. Od zapojenia ntfs3 do jadra 5.15 v okt\u00f3bri minul\u00e9ho roku ovl\u00e1da\u010d nebol aktualizovan\u00fd a spojenie s v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rmi bolo preru\u0161en\u00e9, ale teraz v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri obnovili publikovanie zmien. V navrhnut\u00fdch patchoch boli odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 chyby sp\u00f4sobuj\u00face \u00faniky pam\u00e4te a havarijn\u00e9 ukon\u010denia, vyrie\u0161en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s vykon\u00e1van\u00edm xfstests, vykonan\u00e9 \u010distenie nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho k\u00f3du a opraven\u00e9 pravopisn\u00e9 chyby.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre OverlayFS bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 mapovania identifik\u00e1torov pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov pripojen\u00fdch s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e1 je aplikovan\u00e1 na zhodovanie s\u00faborov ur\u010dit\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea na pripojenom cudzom oddiele s in\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom v aktu\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me.               <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u00e4\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e1 podpora architekt\u00fary sady pr\u00edkazov LoongArch, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva v procesoroch Loongson 3 5000 a implementuje nov\u00fd RISC ISA, podobn\u00fd MIPS a RISC-V. Architekt\u00fara LoongArch je dostupn\u00e1 v troch variant\u00e1ch: obmedzen\u00e1 32-bitov\u00e1 (LA32R), be\u017en\u00e1 32-bitov\u00e1 (LA32S) a 64-bitov\u00e1 (LA64).\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd k\u00f3d na podporu form\u00e1tu spustite\u013en\u00fdch s\u00faborov a.out, ktor\u00fd bol zaraden\u00fd medzi zastaran\u00e9 vo verzii 5.1. Form\u00e1t a.out sa u\u017e d\u00e1vno nepou\u017e\u00edva na syst\u00e9moch s Linuxom, a gener\u00e1cia s\u00faborov a.out nie je podporovan\u00e1 modern\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi v predvolenej konfigur\u00e1cii pre Linux. Na\u010d\u00edtava\u010d pre s\u00fabory a.out m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 realizovan\u00fd celkom v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola preru\u0161en\u00e1 podpora zav\u00e1dzac\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed \u0161pecifick\u00fdch pre architekt\u00faru x86: nosep, nosmap, nosmep, noexec a noclflush.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola preru\u0161en\u00e1 podpora zastaranej architekt\u00fary CPU h8300 (Renesas H8\/300), ktor\u00e1 u\u017e d\u00e1vno nem\u00e1 \u017eiadnu podporu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Boli roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 mo\u017enosti t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa reakcie na zistenie rozdelen\u00fdch blok\u00e1d (&#171;split lock&#187;), ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa pri pr\u00edstupe k nevyrovnan\u00fdm \u00fadajom v pam\u00e4ti, preto\u017ee pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed at\u00f3mov\u00fdch in\u0161trukci\u00ed \u00fadaje prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa cez dva cache riadky CPU. Tak\u00e9to blok\u00e1dy ved\u00fa k zna\u010dn\u00e9mu poklesu v\u00fdkonu. Ak predt\u00fdm jadro \u0161tandardne vyd\u00e1valo varovanie s inform\u00e1ciami o procese, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4soboval blok\u00e1ciu, teraz bude probl\u00e9mov\u00fd proces navy\u0161e spomalen\u00fd, aby sa zachoval v\u00fdkon zvy\u0161ku syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora mechanizmu IFS (In-Field Scan) implementovan\u00e9ho v procesoroch Intel, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 diagnostick\u00e9 testy CPU, schopn\u00e9 odha\u013eova\u0165 probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa identifikovan\u00e9 \u0161tandardn\u00fdmi prostriedkami na z\u00e1klade k\u00f3dov opravy ch\u00fdb (ECC) alebo paritn\u00fdch bitov. Vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 testy s\u00fa koncipovan\u00e9 ako s\u0165ahovate\u013en\u00fd firmv\u00e9r, podobne ako aktualiz\u00e1cie mikroprogramu. V\u00fdsledky testovania s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 cez sysfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 za\u010dlenenia s\u00faboru bootconfig do jadra, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje okrem volieb pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku definova\u0165 parametre fungovania jadra prostredn\u00edctvom s\u00faboru s nastaveniami. Za\u010dlenenie sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje pomocou mo\u017enosti zostavenia &#8216;CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED_FILE=&#187;\/PATH\/TO\/BOOTCONFIG\/FILE&#187;&#8216;. Predt\u00fdm bol bootconfig definovan\u00fd pripojen\u00edm k obrazu initrd. Za\u010dlenenie do jadra umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 bootconfig v konfigur\u00e1ci\u00e1ch bez initrd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Realizovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 na\u010d\u00edtania firmv\u00e9rov, komprimovan\u00fdch pomocou algoritmu Zstandard. Do sysfs bol pridan\u00fd s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m \/sys\/class\/firmware\/*, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje iniciova\u0165 na\u010d\u00edtanie firmv\u00e9rov z u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> V rozhran\u00ed asynchr\u00f3nneho I\/O io_uring bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd flag IORING_RECVSEND_POLL_FIRST, pri ktor\u00e9ho nastaven\u00ed sa sie\u0165ov\u00e1 oper\u00e1cia najprv spracuje pomocou polingu, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee u\u0161etri\u0165 zdroje v pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f je pr\u00edpustn\u00e9 spracovanie oper\u00e1cie s ur\u010ditou oneskoren\u00edm. V io_uring bola tie\u017e pridan\u00e1 podpora syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania socket(), predstaven\u00e9 nov\u00e9 flagy na zjednodu\u0161enie spr\u00e1vy s\u00faborov\u00fdch deskriptorov, pridan\u00fd re\u017eim \u201emulti-shot\u201c na prij\u00edmanie viacer\u00fdch pripojen\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 vo volan\u00ed accept(), pridan\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie na prenos pr\u00edkazov NVMe priamo do zariadenia.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00faru Xtensa bola zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 podpora n\u00e1stroja na ladenie KCSAN (Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer), ur\u010den\u00e9ho na dynamick\u00e9 odha\u013eovanie stavov\u00fdch z\u00e1vodov v jadre. Takisto bola pridan\u00e1 podpora sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu a koprocesorov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00faru m68k (Motorola 68000) bola realizovan\u00e1 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1lna ma\u0161ina\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4203\">virtu\u00e1lna ma\u0161ina<\/a> (simul\u00e1tor platformy), zalo\u017een\u00fd na emul\u00e1tore Android Goldfish.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00faru AArch64 bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed Armv9-A SME (Scalable Matrix Extension).\n<li class=\"l\"> V subsyst\u00e9me eBPF bolo povolen\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vanie typizovan\u00fdch ukazovate\u013eov v map-\u0161trukt\u00farach, ako aj bola pridan\u00e1 podpora dynamick\u00fdch ukazovate\u013eov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol navrhnut\u00fd nov\u00fd predpokladac\u00ed mechanizmus vyra\u010fovania pam\u00e4te, ktor\u00fd podporuje spr\u00e1vu z pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru pomocou s\u00faboru memory.reclaim. Zapisovanie \u010d\u00edsla do ur\u010den\u00e9ho s\u00faboru povedie k pokusu o vyra\u010fovanie pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho po\u010dtu bajtov z mno\u017einy sp\u00e1janej s cgroup.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 presnos\u0165 sledovania vyu\u017eitia pam\u00e4te pri kompresii d\u00e1t v swapovom oddiele pomocou mechanizmu zswap.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00faru RISC-V bola zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 podpora sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania 32-bitov\u00fdch spustite\u013en\u00fdch s\u00faborov na 64-bitov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, bol pridan\u00fd re\u017eim na viazanie obmedzuj\u00facich atrib\u00fatov k str\u00e1nkam pam\u00e4te (napr\u00edklad na z\u00e1kaz cachovania) a bola implementovan\u00e1 funkcia kexec_file_load().\n<li class=\"l\"> Implement\u00e1cia podpory 32-bitov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov Armv4T a Armv5 bola prisp\u00f4soben\u00e1 na pou\u017eitie v univerz\u00e1lnych multiplatformn\u00fdch zostaveniach jadra vhodn\u00fdch pre r\u00f4zne ARM syst\u00e9my.          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u00e1cia a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V subsyst\u00e9me EFI bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 d\u00f4vernej transmisie tajn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed hos\u0165uj\u00facim syst\u00e9mom bez ich odhalovania hostite\u013esk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu. \u00dadaje s\u00fa poskytovan\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom adres\u00e1ra security\/coco v securityfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> V re\u017eime ochrany Lockdown, ktor\u00fd obmedzuje pr\u00edstup pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea root k jadru a blokuje obch\u00e1dzanie cesty UEFI Secure Boot, bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 diera, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148ovala obch\u00e1dzanie ochrany manipul\u00e1ciou s debuggerom jadra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Boli zapnut\u00e9 patchy zameran\u00e9 na zv\u00fd\u0161enie spo\u013eahlivosti a v\u00fdkonu gener\u00e1tora pseudon\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pri zostavovan\u00ed pomocou Clang 15 bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora mechanizmu randomiz\u00e1cie \u0161trukt\u00far jadra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanizmu Landlock, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje obmedzi\u0165 interakciu skupiny procesov s vonkaj\u0161\u00edm prostred\u00edm, bola pridan\u00e1 podpora pravidiel, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa kontrolova\u0165 vykon\u00e1vanie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed premenovania s\u00faborov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Syst\u00e9m IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) na overovanie integrity komponentov opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pomocou digit\u00e1lnych podpisov a hashov bol prelo\u017een\u00fd na pou\u017e\u00edvanie modulu fs-verity na overovanie s\u00faborov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Logika akci\u00ed pri odpojen\u00ed neprivilegovan\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k subsyst\u00e9mu eBPF bola zmenen\u00e1 \u2014 sk\u00f4r sa zakazovali v\u0161etky pr\u00edkazy s\u00favisiace so syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm volan\u00edm bpf(), a od verzie 5.19 zostal pr\u00edstup k pr\u00edkazom, ktor\u00e9 nevytv\u00e1raj\u00fa objekty. Pri takomto spr\u00e1van\u00ed je na na\u010d\u00edtanie BPF programu potrebn\u00fd privilegovan\u00fd proces, ale po \u0148om m\u00f4\u017eu neprivilegovan\u00e9 procesy interagova\u0165 s t\u00fdmto programom.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora roz\u0161\u00edrenia AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging) bola pridan\u00e1 na zabezpe\u010den\u00fa pr\u00e1cu s vnoren\u00fdmi tabu\u013ekami str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te a na ochranu pred \u00fatokmi \u201eundeSErVed\u201c a \u201eSEVerity\u201c na procesoroch AMD EPYC, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa ob\u00eds\u0165 ochrann\u00fd mechanizmus AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora pre mechanizmus Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zablokova\u0165 pokusy o neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd pr\u00edstup k za\u0161ifrovanej pam\u00e4ti. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2112\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da virtio-blk, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na emul\u00e1ciu blokov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, bola pridan\u00e1 podpora pre vstup\/v\u00fdstup s vyu\u017eit\u00edm polingovania (polling), \u010do pod\u013ea vykonan\u00fdch testov umo\u017enilo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 latenciu o pribli\u017ene 10%.                 <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sie\u0165ov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00fa\u010dasti je zahrnut\u00e1 s\u00e9ria patchov BIG TCP, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 maxim\u00e1lnu ve\u013ekos\u0165 TCP paketu na 4GB na optimaliz\u00e1ciu pr\u00e1ce vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fdch intern\u00fdch siet\u00ed d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centier. Tak\u00e9to zv\u00fd\u0161enie ve\u013ekosti paketu pri 16-bitovej ve\u013ekosti po\u013ea v hlavi\u010dke sa dosahuje prostredn\u00edctvom implement\u00e1cie \u201ejumbo\u201c paketov, ktor\u00fdch ve\u013ekos\u0165 v IP hlavi\u010dke je nastaven\u00e1 na 0, a skuto\u010dn\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 je pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e1 v samostatnom 32-bitovom poli v pripojenej hlavi\u010dke. Pri testovan\u00ed v\u00fdkonu nastavenie ve\u013ekosti paketu na 185 KB umo\u017enilo zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 priepustnos\u0165 o 50% a v\u00fdrazne skr\u00e1ti\u0165 latenciu prenosu d\u00e1t.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pokra\u010dovan\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca na integr\u00e1cii do sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edka prostriedkov na sledovanie d\u00f4vodov zamietania paketov (k\u00f3dy reason). K\u00f3d d\u00f4vodu je zaslan\u00fd po\u010das oslobodenia pam\u00e4te s\u00favisiacej s paketom a umo\u017e\u0148uje bra\u0165 do \u00favahy situ\u00e1cie ako zamietanie paketu z d\u00f4vodu ch\u00fdb v poli hlavi\u010dky, odhalenie spoofingu filtrom rp_filter, nespr\u00e1vna kontroln\u00e1 suma, nedostatok pam\u00e4te, aktiv\u00e1cia pravidiel IPSec XFRM, nespr\u00e1vne \u010d\u00edslo sekvencie TCP a pod.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora pre prechod z MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) na pou\u017e\u00edvanie oby\u010dajn\u00e9ho TCP v situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ke\u010f ur\u010dit\u00e9 funkcie MPTCP nem\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9. MPTCP predstavuje roz\u0161\u00edrenie protokolu TCP na organiz\u00e1ciu TCP pripojenia s dod\u00e1van\u00edm paketov s\u00fa\u010dasne po viacer\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch cez r\u00f4zne sie\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhrania viazan\u00e9 na r\u00f4zne IP adresy. Pridan\u00e9 API na spr\u00e1vu MPTCP tokov z u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Zariadenie<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fdch viac ako 420 tis\u00edc riadkov k\u00f3du s\u00favisiacich s ovl\u00e1da\u010dom amdgpu, z ktor\u00fdch pribli\u017ene 400 tis\u00edc riadkov sa t\u00fdka automaticky generovan\u00fdch hlavi\u010dkov\u00fdch s\u00faborov s \u00fadajmi pre registre ASIC v ovl\u00e1da\u010di pre GPU AMD, a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 22,5 tis\u00edc riadkov zabezpe\u010duje po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fa implement\u00e1ciu podpory AMD SoC21. Celkov\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 ovl\u00e1da\u010da pre GPU AMD presiahla 4 mili\u00f3ny riadkov k\u00f3du. Okrem SoC21 ovl\u00e1da\u010d AMD zah\u0155\u0148a podporu SMU 13.x (System Management Unit), aktualizovan\u00fa podporu pre USB-C a GPUVM, a bol pripraven\u00fd na podporu nasleduj\u00facich gener\u00e1ci\u00ed platforiem RDNA3 (RX 7000) a CDNA (AMD Instinct).\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di i915 (Intel) s\u00fa roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 funkcie t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa spr\u00e1vy spotreby energie. Pridan\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory GPU Intel DG2 (Arc Alchemist), pou\u017eit\u00e9 na notebookoch, bola zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e1 podpora platformy Intel Raptor Lake-P (RPL-P), pridan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o grafick\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch Arctic Sound-M, realizovan\u00e9 ABI pre v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 motory, pre karty DG2 bola pridan\u00e1 podpora form\u00e1tu Tile4 a pre syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na mikroarchitekt\u00fare Haswell bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora DisplayPort HDR.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di Nouveau sa pre\u0161lo na pou\u017e\u00edvanie spracovate\u013ea drm_gem_plane_helper_prepare_fb, pre niektor\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary a premenn\u00e9 bola pou\u017eit\u00e1 statick\u00e1 alok\u00e1cia pam\u00e4te. \u010co sa t\u00fdka pou\u017eitia v Nouveau verejn\u00fdch zdrojov\u00fdch textov modulov jadra zo spolo\u010dnosti NVIDIA, pr\u00e1ca zatia\u013e spo\u010d\u00edva v odha\u013eovan\u00ed a odstra\u0148ovan\u00ed ch\u00fdb. V bud\u00facnosti sa pl\u00e1nuje vyu\u017eitie publikovanej firmv\u00e9ry na zv\u00fd\u0161enie v\u00fdkonu ovl\u00e1da\u010da.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d pre NVMe riadi\u010d pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch Apple zalo\u017een\u00fdch na \u010dipe M1.                    <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 latinskoamerick\u00fd Fond slobodn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru vytvoril variant plne vo\u013en\u00e9ho jadra 5.19 - Linux-libre 5.19-gnu, ktor\u00e9 bolo o\u010disten\u00e9 od prvkov firmv\u00e9ru a ovl\u00e1da\u010dov obsahuj\u00facich neslobodn\u00e9 komponenty alebo \u00faseky k\u00f3du, ktor\u00fdch pou\u017eitie je obmedzen\u00e9 v\u00fdrobcom. V novej verzii bola vykonan\u00e1 \u010distka ovl\u00e1da\u010dov pre pureLiFi X\/XL\/XC a TI AMx3 Wkup-M3 IPC. Aktualizovan\u00fd k\u00f3d \u010distenia blobov v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch a subsyst\u00e9moch Silicon Labs WFX, AMD amdgpu, Qualcomm WCNSS Peripheral Image Loader, Realtek Bluetooth, Mellanox Spectrum, Marvell WiFi-Ex, Intel AVS, IFS, pu3-imgu ovl\u00e1da\u010de. Implementovan\u00e1 podpora devicetree s\u00faborov Qualcomm AArch64. Pridan\u00e1 podpora pre nov\u00fa sch\u00e9mu pomenovania komponentov Sound Open Firmware. \u010cistenie ovl\u00e1da\u010da ATM Ambassador, ktor\u00fd bol odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd z jadra, bolo zastaven\u00e9. Spr\u00e1va \u010distenia blobov v HDCP a Mellanox Core bola presunut\u00e1 do samostatn\u00fdch tagov kconfig.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57449\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.19. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b LoongArch, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0439 &#171;BIG TCP&#187;, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c &#171;on-demand&#187; \u0432 fscache, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 a.out, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f ZSTD \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104751","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.19.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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