Bola zverejnen\u00e1 nov\u00e1 stabiln\u00e1 verzia n\u00e1stroja Flatpak 1.14, ktor\u00fd poskytuje syst\u00e9m na zostavovanie samostatn\u00fdch bal\u00edkov, nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch od konkr\u00e9tnych distrib\u00faci\u00ed Linuxu a sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00fdch v \u0161peci\u00e1lnych kontajneroch, ktor\u00e9 izoluj\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu od zvy\u0161ku syst\u00e9mu. Podpora pre sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie bal\u00edkov Flatpak je zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 pre Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mageia, Linux Mint, Alt Linux a Ubuntu. Bal\u00edky Flatpak s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 v repozit\u00e1ri Fedora a s\u00fa podporovan\u00e9 v \u0161tandardnom spr\u00e1vcovi aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed GNOME. <\/p>\n
K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 novinky vo verzii Flatpak 1.14: <\/p>\n
Pripome\u0148me, \u017ee Flatpak poskytuje v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rom aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed mo\u017enos\u0165 zjednodu\u0161i\u0165 distrib\u00faciu svojich programov, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u0161tandardn\u00fdch repozit\u00e1rov distrib\u00faci\u00ed, zhotoven\u00edm jedn\u00e9ho univerz\u00e1lneho kontajnera bez potreby vytv\u00e1rania osobitn\u00fdch zost\u00e1v pre ka\u017ed\u00fa distrib\u00faciu. Pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, ktor\u00ed sa zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa o bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, Flatpak umo\u017e\u0148uje spusti\u0165 problematick\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu v kontajneri, ktor\u00fd poskytuje pr\u00edstup len k sie\u0165ov\u00fdm funkci\u00e1m a s\u00faborom s\u00favisiacim s aplik\u00e1ciou. Pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, ktor\u00ed sa zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa o novinky, Flatpak umo\u017e\u0148uje in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu najnov\u0161\u00edch testovac\u00edch a stabiln\u00fdch vydan\u00ed aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed bez nutnosti zasahovania do syst\u00e9mu. Napr\u00edklad, Flatpak bal\u00edky s\u00fa vytvoren\u00e9 pre LibreOffice, Midori, GIMP, Inkscape, Kdenlive, Steam, 0 A.D., Visual Studio Code, VLC, Slack, Skype, Telegram Desktop, Android Studio a in\u00e9. <\/p>\n
Aby sa zmen\u0161ila ve\u013ekos\u0165 bal\u00edka, obsahuje iba z\u00e1vislosti \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pre aplik\u00e1ciu, zatia\u013e \u010do z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 a grafick\u00e9 kni\u017enice (GTK, Qt, kni\u017enice GNOME a KDE a pod.) s\u00fa spracovan\u00e9 ako pripojite\u013en\u00e9 typov\u00e9 runtime prostredia. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd rozdiel medzi Flatpak a Snap spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee Snap vyu\u017e\u00edva komponenty prostredia hlavn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a izol\u00e1ciu na z\u00e1klade filtrovania syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed, zatia\u013e \u010do Flatpak vytv\u00e1ra samostatn\u00fd kontajner od syst\u00e9mu a manipuluje s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi runtime s\u00fapravami, poskytuj\u00fac ako z\u00e1vislosti nie bal\u00edky, ale typov\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 prostredia (napr\u00edklad v\u0161etky kni\u017enice potrebn\u00e9 na fungovanie programov GNOME alebo KDE). <\/p>\n
Okrem typick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho prostredia (runtime), ktor\u00e9 sa in\u0161taluje prostredn\u00edctvom \u0161peci\u00e1lneho repozit\u00e1ra, sa dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie z\u00e1vislosti (bundle), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na fungovanie aplik\u00e1cie. Spolo\u010dne runtime a bundle tvoria obsah kontajnera, pri\u010dom runtime sa in\u0161taluje samostatne a via\u017ee sa priamo na nieko\u013eko kontajnerov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa duplicite spolo\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch s\u00faborov pre kontajnery. V jednom syst\u00e9me m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nain\u0161talovan\u00fdch nieko\u013eko r\u00f4znych runtime (GNOME, KDE) alebo nieko\u013eko verzi\u00ed jedn\u00e9ho runtime (GNOME 3.40, GNOME 3.42). Kontajner s aplik\u00e1ciou ako z\u00e1vislos\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edva viazanie len k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu runtime, bez oh\u013eadu na jednotliv\u00e9 bal\u00edky, z ktor\u00fdch sa runtime sklad\u00e1. V\u0161etky ch\u00fdbaj\u00face prvky sa zbal\u00ed priamo spolu s aplik\u00e1ciou. Pri tvorbe kontajnera sa obsah runtime montuje ako oddiel \/usr, a bundle sa montuje do adres\u00e1ra \/app. <\/p>\n
Obsah runtime a kontajnerov aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed sa formuje pomocou technol\u00f3gie OSTree, pri ktorej sa obraz atom\u00e1rne aktualizuje z Git-podobn\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00faceho aplikova\u0165 met\u00f3dy verzionovania na komponenty distrib\u00facie (napr\u00edklad, syst\u00e9m mo\u017eno r\u00fdchlo vr\u00e1ti\u0165 do predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho stavu). RPM bal\u00edky sa transcibuj\u00fa do repozit\u00e1ra OSTree pomocou \u0161peci\u00e1lnej medzi\u010dl\u00e1nku rpm-ostree. Samostatn\u00e1 in\u0161tal\u00e1cia a aktualiz\u00e1cia bal\u00edkov v pracovnom prostred\u00ed nie je podporovan\u00e1, syst\u00e9m sa aktualizuje nie na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch komponentov, ale celkovo, atom\u00e1rne men\u00ed svoj stav. Poskytuj\u00fa sa prostriedky na inkrement\u00e1lne uplat\u0148ovanie aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zbavuj\u00fa potreby \u00faplnej v\u00fdmeny obrazu pri ka\u017edej aktualiz\u00e1cii. <\/p>\n
Tvoren\u00e9 izolovan\u00e9 prostredie je \u00faplne nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 od pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho distribu\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a pri spr\u00e1vnom nastaven\u00ed bal\u00edka nem\u00e1 pr\u00edstup k s\u00faborom a procesom pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea alebo hlavn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, nem\u00f4\u017ee priamo komunikova\u0165 s hardv\u00e9rom, okrem v\u00fdstupu cez DRI, a komunik\u00e1cie so sie\u0165ov\u00fdm subsyst\u00e9mom. V\u00fdstup grafiky a organiz\u00e1cia vstupu s\u00fa realizovan\u00e9 pomocou protokolu Wayland alebo cez prenos socketu X11. Interakcia s vonkaj\u0161\u00edm prostred\u00edm je postaven\u00e1 na syst\u00e9me v\u00fdmeny spr\u00e1v DBus a \u0161peci\u00e1lnom API Portals. <\/p>\n
Na izol\u00e1ciu sa pou\u017e\u00edva medzi\u010dl\u00e1nok Bubblewrap a tradi\u010dn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie kontajnerovej virtualiz\u00e1cie pre Linux, zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed cgroups, namespaces, Seccomp a SELinux. Na v\u00fdstup zvuku sa pou\u017e\u00edva PulseAudio. V pr\u00edpade potreby mo\u017eno izol\u00e1ciu vypn\u00fa\u0165, \u010do vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri mnoh\u00fdch popul\u00e1rnych bal\u00ed\u010dkov na z\u00edskanie pln\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k FS a v\u0161etk\u00fdm zariadeniam v syst\u00e9me. Napr\u00edklad bal\u00ed\u010dky GIMP, VSCodium, PyCharm, Octave, Inkscape, Audacity a VLC prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa s obmedzen\u00fdm re\u017eimom izol\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fd ponech\u00e1va pln\u00fd pr\u00edstup k domovsk\u00e9mu adres\u00e1ru. V pr\u00edpade kompromit\u00e1cie bal\u00edkov s pr\u00edstupom k domovsk\u00e9mu adres\u00e1ru, napriek tomu, \u017ee je v opise bal\u00edka uveden\u00e1 n\u00e1lepka «sandboxed», \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi na vykonanie svojho k\u00f3du sta\u010d\u00ed zmeni\u0165 s\u00fabor ~\\\/ .bashrc. Samostatnou t\u00e9mou je kontrola zmien v bal\u00edkoch a d\u00f4vera k bal\u00edk\u00e1rom, ktor\u00ed \u010dasto nie s\u00fa prepojen\u00ed s hlavn\u00fdm projektom alebo distrib\u00faciami. \u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f Flatpak 1.14, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c Linux \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Flatpak-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mageia, Linux Mint, Alt Linux \u0438 Ubuntu. \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441 Flatpak \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 Fedora […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Vydanie syst\u00e9mu samostatn\u00fdch bal\u00edkov Flatpak 1.14.0 | ProHoster","description":"Bola zverejnen\u00e1 nov\u00e1 stabiln\u00e1 vetva n\u00e1strojov Flatpak 1.14, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje syst\u00e9m na zostavovanie samostatn\u00fdch bal\u00edkov, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa viazan\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tne distrib\u00facie Linuxu a s\u00fa 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"