{"id":105238,"date":"2022-10-02T15:36:41","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:36:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah"},"modified":"2022-10-02T15:36:41","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:36:41","slug":"razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/razrabotchiki-debian-utverdili-postavku-proprietarnyh-proshivok-v-ustanovochnyh-nositelyah","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri Debian schv\u00e1lili dodanie propriet\u00e1rnych firmv\u00e9rov v in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00e1ch","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Boli zverejnen\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho hlasovania (GR, general resolution) v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov projektu Debian, ktor\u00ed sa podie\u013eaj\u00fa na spr\u00e1ve bal\u00edkov a podpore infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, pri\u010dom sa zaoberali ot\u00e1zkou dod\u00e1vky propriet\u00e1rnych firmv\u00e9rov v ofici\u00e1lnych in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fdch obrazoch a live verzi\u00e1ch. V hlasovan\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0165azil piaty bod \u201eZmeni\u0165 verejn\u00fa zmluvu na dod\u00e1vku neslobodn\u00fdch firmv\u00e9rov v in\u0161tal\u00e1tore s poskytnut\u00edm jednotn\u00fdch in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fdch verzi\u00ed\u201c. <\/p>\n

Vybran\u00fd variant predpoklad\u00e1 zmenu Verejnej zmluvy (Debian Social Contract), ktor\u00e1 ur\u010duje z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 princ\u00edpy projektu a z\u00e1v\u00e4zky projektu vo\u010di komunite. Do piateho bodu verejnej zmluvy, ktor\u00fd obsahuje po\u017eiadavku na dodr\u017eiavanie \u0161tandardov slobodn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru, sa prid\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka, \u017ee ofici\u00e1lne m\u00e9di\u00e1 Debian m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 firmv\u00e9ry, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou syst\u00e9mu Debian, ak je to nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre zabezpe\u010denie funk\u010dnosti distrib\u00facie na zariaden\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje tak\u00e9to firmv\u00e9ry. <\/p>\n

Do ofici\u00e1lnych in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed a live obrazov Debian bud\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 bal\u00edky z sekcie \u201enon-free-firmware\u201c, do ktorej boli presunut\u00e9 komponenty s\u00favisiace s firmv\u00e9rmi z repozit\u00e1ra non-free. Ak bude existova\u0165 hardv\u00e9r, pre ktor\u00fd s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 extern\u00e9 firmv\u00e9ry, pou\u017eitie potrebn\u00fdch propriet\u00e1rnych firmv\u00e9rov bude predvolene zahrnut\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed preferuj\u00fa iba slobodn\u00fd softv\u00e9r, bude po\u010das \u0161tartovania poskytnut\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 vypn\u00fa\u0165 pou\u017eitie neslobodn\u00fdch firmv\u00e9rov. <\/p>\n

Okrem toho in\u0161tal\u00e1tor a live obraz poskytn\u00fa inform\u00e1cie o tom, ak\u00fd typ firmv\u00e9ru je na\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd. \u00dadaje o pou\u017eit\u00fdch firmv\u00e9roch sa tie\u017e ulo\u017eia do nain\u0161talovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, aby pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e mohol nesk\u00f4r z\u00edska\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch firmv\u00e9roch. Ak je firmv\u00e9r potrebn\u00fd na fungovanie hardv\u00e9ru po in\u0161tal\u00e1cii, syst\u00e9m tie\u017e navrhne predvolene prida\u0165 do s\u00faboru sources.list repozit\u00e1r non-free-firmware, \u010do umo\u017en\u00ed z\u00edskava\u0165 aktualiz\u00e1cie firmv\u00e9ru s opravami zranite\u013enost\u00ed a d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch ch\u00fdb. Obrazy s propriet\u00e1rnymi firmv\u00e9rmi bud\u00fa dod\u00e1van\u00e9 ako ofici\u00e1lne m\u00e9di\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 nahradia predt\u00fdm pon\u00fakan\u00e9 obrazy bez neslobodn\u00e9ho firmv\u00e9ru. <\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka dod\u00e1vky firmv\u00e9ru sa stala aktu\u00e1lnou, preto\u017ee v\u00fdrobcovia hardv\u00e9ru \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa extern\u00e9 firmv\u00e9ry, ktor\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edtava opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, namiesto dod\u00e1vania firmv\u00e9ru v trvalej pam\u00e4ti v samotn\u00fdch zariadeniach. Tak\u00e9to extern\u00e9 firmv\u00e9ry s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 mnoh\u00fdm s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm grafick\u00fdm, zvukov\u00fdm a sie\u0165ov\u00fdm adapt\u00e9rmi. Pri tom je nejasn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, do akej miery dod\u00e1vka propriet\u00e1rnych firmv\u00e9rov s\u00favis\u00ed s po\u017eiadavkou na dod\u00e1vku len slobodn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru v z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch zostav\u00e1ch Debianu, preto\u017ee firmv\u00e9r sa vykon\u00e1va na hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch zariadeniach, a nie v syst\u00e9me, a patr\u00ed k hardv\u00e9ru. Na modern\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vybaven\u00e9 aj \u00faplne slobodn\u00fdmi distrib\u00faciami, sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa firmv\u00e9ry vlo\u017een\u00e9 do hardv\u00e9ru. Rozdiel je len v tom, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 firmv\u00e9ry s\u00fa na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 s\u00fa u\u017e zap\u00edsan\u00e9 v ROM alebo Flash pam\u00e4ti. <\/p>\n

Doteraz propriet\u00e1rne firmv\u00e9r nebolo zahrnut\u00e9 v ofici\u00e1lnych in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fdch obrazoch Debian a dod\u00e1valo sa v samostatnom repozit\u00e1ri non-free. In\u0161tala\u010dn\u00e9 zostavy s propriet\u00e1rnym firmv\u00e9rom maj\u00fa status neofici\u00e1lnych a distribuuj\u00fa sa samostatne, \u010do vedie k zm\u00e4tku a sp\u00f4sobuje \u0165a\u017ekosti pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, preto\u017ee v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch mo\u017eno dosiahnu\u0165 pln\u00fa funk\u010dnos\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho hardv\u00e9ru a\u017e po in\u0161tal\u00e1cii propriet\u00e1rneho firmv\u00e9ru. Pr\u00edprava a spr\u00e1va neofici\u00e1lnych zost\u00e1v s propriet\u00e1rnym firmv\u00e9rom bola tie\u017e \u00falohou projektu Debian, \u010do si vy\u017eadovalo dodato\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na zostavenie, testovanie a umiestnenie neofici\u00e1lnych zost\u00e1v, ktor\u00e9 duplikovali ofici\u00e1lne. <\/p>\n

Nastala situ\u00e1cia, ke\u010f s\u00fa neofici\u00e1lne zostavy pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov preferovanej\u0161ie, ak chc\u00fa dosiahnu\u0165 norm\u00e1lnu podporu svojho hardv\u00e9ru, pri\u010dom in\u0161tal\u00e1cia odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fdch ofici\u00e1lnych zost\u00e1v \u010dasto vedie k probl\u00e9mom s podporou hardv\u00e9ru. Okrem toho pou\u017e\u00edvanie neofici\u00e1lnych zost\u00e1v br\u00e1ni dosiahnutiu ide\u00e1lu v dod\u00e1van\u00ed len otvoren\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru a ne\u00famyselne vedie k populariz\u00e1cii propriet\u00e1rneho softv\u00e9ru, preto\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e spolu s firmv\u00e9rom dost\u00e1va aj pripojen\u00fd repozit\u00e1r non-free s in\u00fdm neotvoren\u00fdm softv\u00e9rom.
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47 V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri Debian schv\u00e1lili dod\u00e1vku propriet\u00e1rneho firmv\u00e9ru v in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00e1ch | ProHoster","description":"Boli zverejnen\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho hlasovania (GR, general resolution) v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov projektu Debian, ktor\u00ed sa podie\u013eaj\u00fa na spr\u00e1ve bal\u00edkov a udr\u017eiavan\u00ed infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, na ktorom sa 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