{"id":107802,"date":"2023-04-11T12:48:10","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T10:48:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=107802"},"modified":"2023-04-12T10:36:30","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T08:36:30","slug":"reliz-freebsd-13-2-s-podderzhkoj-netlink-i-wireguard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-freebsd-13-2-s-podderzhkoj-netlink-i-wireguard","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie FreeBSD 13.2 s podporou Netlink a WireGuard","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po 11 mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja bol uvo\u013enen\u00fd release FreeBSD 13.2. In\u0161tala\u010dn\u00e9 obrazy boli vytvoren\u00e9 pre architekt\u00fary amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 a riscv64. Navy\u0161e boli pripraven\u00e9 zostavenia pre virtualiza\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) a cloudov\u00e9 prostredia Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine a Vagrant.    <\/p>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 zmeny:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 vytv\u00e1rania snapshotov s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov UFS a FFS, na ktor\u00fdch je zapnut\u00e9 protokolovanie (soft updates). Takisto bola pridan\u00e1 podpora pozadia pre ukladanie dumpov (spustenie dump s pr\u00edznakom &#171;-L&#187;) s obsahom pripojen\u00fdch s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov UFS pri zapnutom protokolovan\u00ed. Z mo\u017enost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 pri pou\u017eit\u00ed protokolovania, zost\u00e1va pozadie vykon\u00e1vania kontroly integrity pomocou utilitky fsck.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do hlavn\u00e9ho zlo\u017eenia bol pridan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d wg pracuj\u00faci na \u00farovni jadra s implement\u00e1ciou sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho rozhrania pre  <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"248\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard. Pre pou\u017eitie potrebn\u00fdch kryptografick\u00fdch algoritmov ovl\u00e1da\u010da sa uskuto\u010dnilo roz\u0161\u00edrenie API kryptosyst\u00e9mu jadra FreeBSD, do ktor\u00e9ho bola pridan\u00e1 ob\u00e1lka umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00faca pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 cez \u0161tandardn\u00fd kryptografick\u00fd API nepodporovan\u00e9 algoritmy vo FreeBSD z kni\u017enice libsodium. V priebehu v\u00fdvoja bola tie\u017e vykonan\u00e1 optimaliz\u00e1cia na rovnomern\u00e9 vyva\u017eovanie v\u00fdkonu \u0161ifrovania a de\u0161ifrovania paketov na CPU, \u010do umo\u017enilo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1klady na spracovanie paketov WireGuard.\n<p>Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci pokus o zahrnutie WireGuard do FreeBSD bol podniknut\u00fd v roku 2020, ale skon\u010dil \u0161kandal\u00f3zne, ke\u010f bol u\u017e pridan\u00fd k\u00f3d odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd kv\u00f4li n\u00edzkej kvalite, nedbanliv\u00e9mu zaobch\u00e1dzaniu s bufferami, pou\u017e\u00edvaniu z\u00e1stupcov namiesto kontrol, ne\u00faplnej implement\u00e1cii protokolu a poru\u0161eniu licencie GPL. Nov\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia bola spolo\u010dne pripraven\u00e1 hlavn\u00fdmi t\u00edmami v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov FreeBSD a WireGuard s \u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Jasona Donenfelda, autora VPN WireGuard, a Johna Baldwina, zn\u00e1meho v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ra FreeBSD. Pred prijat\u00edm nov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, s podporou organiz\u00e1cie FreeBSD Foundation, bola vykonan\u00e1 \u00fapln\u00e1 rev\u00edzia zmien.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho protokolu Netlink (RFC 3549) bola implementovan\u00e1, pri\u010dom sa pou\u017e\u00edva v Linuxe na organiz\u00e1ciu interakcie medzi jadrom a procesmi v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore. Projekt sa obmedzuje na podporu rodiny oper\u00e1ci\u00ed NETLINK_ROUTE na riadenie stavu sie\u0165ovej subsyst\u00e9my v jadre, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvanie Linuxovej utilitky ip z bal\u00edka iproute2 na spr\u00e1vu sie\u0165ov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed, nastavenie <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adresy\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"865\">IP adresy<\/a>, konfigur\u00e1ciu smerovania a manipul\u00e1ciu s objektmi nexthop, ktor\u00e9 uchov\u00e1vaj\u00fa d\u00e1ta o stave pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na prenos paketov do po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho cie\u013ea.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre v\u0161etky spustite\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fabory z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na 64-bitov\u00fdch platform\u00e1ch je predvolene zapnut\u00e1 randomiz\u00e1cia adresn\u00e9ho priestoru (ASLR, Address Space Layout Randomization). Na selekt\u00edvne vypnutie ASLR je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edkazy &#171;proccontrol -m aslr -s disable&#187; alebo &#171;elfctl -e +noaslr&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ipfw na h\u013eadanie MAC adries sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 tabu\u013eky (Radix table), \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 tabu\u013eky s MAC adresami a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ich na filtr\u00e1ciu prev\u00e1dzky. Napr\u00edklad:       ipfw table 1 create type mac     ipfw table 1 add 11:22:33:44:55:66\/48     ipfw add skipto tablearg src-mac &#8216;table(1)&#8217;      ipfw add deny src-mac &#8216;table(1, 100)&#8217;     ipfw add deny lookup dst-mac 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Moduly jadra dpdk_lpm4 a dpdk_lpm6 s implement\u00e1ciou algoritmu vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania tr\u00e1s DIR-24-8 pre IPv4\/IPv6 boli pridan\u00e9 a s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 na s\u0165ahovanie cez loader.conf, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje optimalizova\u0165 smerovacie funkcie pre hostite\u013eov s ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00fdmi smerovac\u00edmi tabu\u013ekami (vo testoch bol zaznamenan\u00fd n\u00e1rast r\u00fdchlosti na \u00farovni 25%). Na konfigur\u00e1ciu modulov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd standardn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj route (bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 FIB_ALGO).\n<li class=\"l\"> Implement\u00e1cia s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ZFS bola aktualizovan\u00e1 na vydanie OpenZFS 2.1.9. V \u0161tartovacom skripte zfskeys bola zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 automatick\u00e1 na\u010d\u00edtanie k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v FS ZFS. Bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd RC-skript zpoolreguid na priradenie identifik\u00e1tora GUID k jedn\u00e9mu alebo viacer\u00fdm zpool (napr\u00edklad u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 pre virtualiza\u010dn\u00e9 prostredia s zdie\u013ean\u00fdmi d\u00e1tami).\n<li class=\"l\"> V hyperv\u00edzore Bhyve a module vmm bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora prip\u00e1jania viac ako 15 virtu\u00e1lnych CPU k hos\u0165ovsk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu (ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 cez sysctl hw.vmm.maxcpu). V utilite bhyve bola implementovan\u00e1 emul\u00e1cia zariadenia virtio-input, pomocou ktor\u00e9ho je mo\u017en\u00e9 vstupn\u00e9 udalosti z kl\u00e1vesnice a my\u0161i posiela\u0165 do hos\u0165ovsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V KTLS, implement\u00e1cii protokolu TLS, pracuj\u00facej na \u00farovni jadra FreeBSD, bola pridan\u00e1 podpora hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9ho zr\u00fdchlenia TLS 1.3 prostredn\u00edctvom presunu niektor\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s\u00favisiacich so spracovan\u00edm za\u0161ifrovan\u00fdch prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facich paketov na sie\u0165ov\u00fa kartu. Predt\u00fdm bola tak\u00e1to mo\u017enos\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii pre TLS 1.1 a TLS 1.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> V \u0161tartovom skripte growfs pri roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed kore\u0148ov\u00e9ho FS zabezpe\u010duje pridanie swapov\u00e9ho oddielu, ak tak\u00fd oddiel p\u00f4vodne ch\u00fdbal (napr\u00edklad je to u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii hotov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho obrazu na SD kartu). Na spr\u00e1vu ve\u013ekosti swapu bol do rc.conf pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd parameter growfs_swap_size.\n<li class=\"l\"> V \u0161tartovom skripte hostid je zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho UUID v pr\u00edpade, ak ch\u00fdba s\u00fabor \/etc\/hostid a nemo\u017eno z\u00edska\u0165 UUID z hardv\u00e9ru. Takisto bol pridan\u00fd s\u00fabor \/etc\/machine-id s kompaktn\u00fdm zobrazen\u00edm identifik\u00e1tora hostite\u013ea (bez poml\u010diek).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do rc.conf boli pridan\u00e9 premenn\u00e9 defaultrouter_fibN a ipv6_defaultrouter_fibN, cez ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 prida\u0165 predvolen\u00e9 trasy do FIB tabuliek, odli\u0161n\u00fdch od prim\u00e1rnych.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do kni\u017enice libmd bola pridan\u00e1 podpora hashov SHA-512\/224.\n<li class=\"l\"> V kni\u017enici pthread bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora semantiky funkci\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v Linuxe.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do kdump bola pridan\u00e1 podpora dek\u00f3dovania syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed Linuxu. V kdump a sysdecode bola pridan\u00e1 podpora trasovania syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed v \u0161t\u00fdle Linuxu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V utilite killall sa objavila mo\u017enos\u0165 zasiela\u0165 sign\u00e1l procesom priraden\u00fdm k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu termin\u00e1lu (napr\u00edklad &#171;killall -t pts\/1&#187;).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 utilita nproc na zobrazenie po\u010dtu dostupn\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdch blokov pre aktu\u00e1lny proces.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do utilitky pciconf bola pridan\u00e1 podpora dek\u00f3dovania parametrov ACS (Access Control Services).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jadra bola pridan\u00e1 nastavenie SPLIT_KERNEL_DEBUG, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje uklada\u0165 ladaciu inform\u00e1ciu pre jadro a moduly jadra do samostatn\u00fdch s\u00faborov.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ABI linux je takmer dokon\u010den\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia podpory mechanizmu vDSO (virtu\u00e1lne dynamick\u00e9 zdie\u013ean\u00e9 objekty), ktor\u00fd poskytuje obmedzen\u00fd s\u00fabor syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore bez prep\u00ednania kontextov. ABI linux na syst\u00e9moch ARM64 dosiahol paritu s implement\u00e1ciou pre architekt\u00faru AMD64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zlep\u0161en\u00e1 podpora hardv\u00e9ru. Pridan\u00e1 podpora monitorovania v\u00fdkonu (hwpmc) pre procesory Intel Alder Lake. Aktualizovan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d iwlwifi pre bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 karty Intel s podporou nov\u00fdch \u010dipov a \u0161tandardu 802.11ac. Pridan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d rtw88 pre bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 karty Realtek s rozhran\u00edm PCI. Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 mo\u017enosti vrstvy linuxkpi pre pou\u017eitie v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch Linux vo FreeBSD.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kni\u017enica OpenSSL bola aktualizovan\u00e1 na verziu 1.1.1t, LLVM\/Clang na verziu 14.0.5 a SSH server a klient boli aktualizovan\u00e9 na OpenSSH 9.2p1 (v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej verzii bol pou\u017eit\u00fd OpenSSH 8.8p1). Taktie\u017e boli aktualizovan\u00e9 verzie bc 6.2.4, expat 2.5.0, file 5.43, less 608, libarchive 3.6.2, sendmail 8.17.1, sqlite 3.40.1, unbound 1.17.1, zlib 1.2.13.    <\/ul>\n<p>Navy\u0161e bolo ozn\u00e1men\u00e9 o prechode do kateg\u00f3rie zastaran\u00fdch a odstr\u00e1nen\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fac od vetvy FreeBSD 14.0 jednorazov\u00fdch hesiel OPIE, ovl\u00e1da\u010dov ce a cp, ovl\u00e1da\u010dov pre karty s rozhran\u00edm ISA, util\u00edt mergemaster a minigzip, komponentov ATM v netgraph (NgATM), pozadia telnetd a triedy VINUM v geom.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58946\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 11 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 FreeBSD 13.2. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 \u0438 riscv64. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0438 Vagrant. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c UFS \u0438 FFS, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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