{"id":107954,"date":"2023-04-18T18:48:29","date_gmt":"2023-04-18T16:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=107954"},"modified":"2023-04-19T14:43:43","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T12:43:43","slug":"reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-38","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-fedora-linux-38","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie distrib\u00facie Fedora Linux 38","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bol vydan\u00fd distrib\u00facia Fedora Linux 38. Pre s\u0165ahovanie s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 produkty Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora IoT Edition a Live verzie, dod\u00e1van\u00e9 v podobe spinov s desktopov\u00fdmi prostrediami KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie a Sway. Verzie s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 pre architekt\u00fary x86_64, Power64 a ARM64 (AArch64). Publikovanie verzi\u00ed Fedora Silverblue je oneskoren\u00e9.      <\/p>\n<p>Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie zmeny vo Fedore Linux 38:       <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola implementovan\u00e1 prv\u00e1 f\u00e1za prechodu na modernizovan\u00fd proces bootovania, navrhnut\u00fd Lennartom Poetteringom. Rozdiely od klasick\u00e9ho bootovania spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00fa v pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed namiesto obrazu initrd, vytvoren\u00e9ho na lok\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii bal\u00edka s jadrom, unified kernel image UKI (Unified Kernel Image), generovan\u00e9ho v infra\u0161trukt\u00fare distrib\u00facie a overen\u00e9ho digit\u00e1lnym podpisom distrib\u00facie. UKI sp\u00e1ja v jednom s\u00fabore spracovate\u013e pre na\u010d\u00edtanie jadra z UEFI (UEFI boot stub), obraz jadra Linuxu a na\u010d\u00edtate\u013en\u00e9 do pam\u00e4te syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 prostredie initrd. Pri vyvolan\u00ed obrazu UKI z UEFI sa poskytuje mo\u017enos\u0165 overi\u0165 integritu a pravos\u0165 nielen jadra, ale aj obsahu initrd, pri\u010dom overenie pravosti je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee v tomto prostred\u00ed prebieha extrakcia k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov na de\u0161ifrovanie kore\u0148ovej FS. V prvej f\u00e1ze bola podpora UKI pridan\u00e1 do bootloadera, bola implementovan\u00e1 n\u00e1strojov\u00e1 sada na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu a aktualiz\u00e1ciu UKI a bola vytvoren\u00e1 experiment\u00e1lna verzia UKI, zameran\u00e1 na bootovanie <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2156\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a> s obmedzen\u00fdm s\u00faborom komponentov a ovl\u00e1da\u010dov.       <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V bal\u00edkovom spr\u00e1vcu RPM na anal\u00fdzu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov a digit\u00e1lnych podpisov je pou\u017eit\u00fd bal\u00edk Sequoia, ktor\u00fd pon\u00faka implement\u00e1ciu OpenPGP v jazyku Rust. Predt\u00fdm v RPM bol pou\u017eit\u00fd vlastn\u00fd k\u00f3d na anal\u00fdzu OpenPGP, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 nevyrie\u0161en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a obmedzenia. Medzi priame z\u00e1vislosti na RPM bol pridan\u00fd bal\u00edk rpm-sequoia, v ktorom je podpora kryptografick\u00fdch algoritmov zalo\u017een\u00e1 na kni\u017enici Nettle, nap\u00edsanej v jazyku C (v pl\u00e1ne je poskytn\u00fa\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvania OpenSSL).      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola realizovan\u00e1 prv\u00e1 f\u00e1za implement\u00e1cie nov\u00e9ho bal\u00edkov\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vcu Microdnf, ktor\u00fd nahr\u00e1dza s\u00fa\u010dasne pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd DNF. N\u00e1stroje Microdnf boli v\u00fdznamne aktualizovan\u00e9 a teraz podporuj\u00fa v\u0161etky hlavn\u00e9 funkcie DNF, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa vyzna\u010duj\u00fa vysokou v\u00fdkonnos\u0165ou a kompaktitou. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm rozdielom medzi Microdnf a DNF je pou\u017eitie programovacieho jazyka C na v\u00fdvoj namiesto Pythonu, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje zbavi\u0165 sa ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva z\u00e1vislost\u00ed. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie v\u00fdhody Microdnf patr\u00ed: preh\u013eadnej\u0161ia indik\u00e1cia postupu vykon\u00e1vania oper\u00e1ci\u00ed; vylep\u0161en\u00e1 realiz\u00e1cia tabu\u013eky transakci\u00ed; mo\u017enos\u0165 zobrazenia inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch skriptov (scriplets) vo v\u00fdstupoch o vykonan\u00fdch transakci\u00e1ch; podpora pou\u017e\u00edvania lok\u00e1lnych RPM bal\u00edkov pre transakcie; pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m automatick\u00e9ho dopl\u0148ovania pr\u00edkazov pre bash; podpora vykon\u00e1vania pr\u00edkazu builddep bez nutnosti in\u0161tal\u00e1cie Pythonu v syst\u00e9me.           <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Desktop vo Fedora Workstation bol aktualizovan\u00fd na vydanie GNOME 44, kde sa pokra\u010duje v prenose aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed na pou\u017e\u00edvanie GTK 4 a kni\u017enice libadwaita (na GTK4 bol medzi in\u00fdm prenesen\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fd shell GNOME Shell a kompozitn\u00fd mana\u017e\u00e9r Mutter). Do dial\u00f3gu na v\u00fdber s\u00faborov bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 zobrazenia obsahu vo forme mrie\u017eky ikon. Bolo vykonan\u00fdch mno\u017estvo zmien v konfigur\u00e1tore. Do r\u00fdchlej ponuky nastaven\u00ed bola pridan\u00e1 sekcia na spr\u00e1vu Bluetooth.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> U\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 prostredie Xfce bolo aktualizovan\u00e9 na verziu 4.18.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za\u010dalo sa vytv\u00e1ranie zost\u00e1v s u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdm prostred\u00edm LXQt pre architekt\u00faru AArch64.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V displejovom spr\u00e1vcovi SDDM je predvolene vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 prihlasovacie rozhranie vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face Wayland. Zmena umo\u017e\u0148uje previes\u0165 mana\u017e\u00e9r prihl\u00e1senia na Wayland v zostav\u00e1ch s pracovnou plochou KDE.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V zostav\u00e1ch s pracovnou plochou KDE bol odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd sprievodca nastaven\u00edm pri prvom spusten\u00ed (Initial Setup), preto\u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina jeho funkci\u00ed nie je vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v KDE Spin a Kinoite, a po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 nastavenie parametrov sa realizuje v \u010dase in\u0161tal\u00e1cie prostredn\u00edctvom in\u0161tal\u00e1tora Anaconda.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Z\u00edskali ste pln\u00fd pr\u00edstup k adres\u00e1ru aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed Flathub (bol deaktivovan\u00fd filter, ktor\u00fd odstra\u0148oval neofici\u00e1lne bal\u00edky, propriet\u00e1rne programy a aplik\u00e1cie s obmedzuj\u00facimi licen\u010dn\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami). Ak s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii flatpak a rpm bal\u00edky s rovnak\u00fdmi programami, pri pou\u017eit\u00ed GNOME Software sa najprv nain\u0161taluj\u00fa Flatpak bal\u00edky od projektu Fedora, n\u00e1sledne RPM bal\u00edky a potom bal\u00edky z Flathub.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Za\u010dalo sa vytv\u00e1ranie zost\u00e1v pre mobiln\u00e9 zariadenia dod\u00e1van\u00e9 s rozhran\u00edm Phosh, ktor\u00e9 je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na technol\u00f3gii GNOME a kni\u017enici GTK a vyu\u017e\u00edva kompozitn\u00fd. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">server<\/a> Phoc, ktor\u00fd pracuje nad Waylandom, ako aj vlastn\u00fa obrazovkov\u00fa kl\u00e1vesnicu squeekboard. Toto prostredie sa p\u00f4vodne vyv\u00edjalo spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Purism ako alternat\u00edva GNOME Shell pre smartf\u00f3n Librem 5, ale potom sa zaradilo medzi neofici\u00e1lne projekty GNOME a teraz sa tie\u017e pou\u017e\u00edva v postmarketOS, Mobian a niektor\u00fdch firmv\u00e9roch pre zariadenia Pine64.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 verzia Fedora Budgie Spin s grafick\u00fdm prostred\u00edm Budgie, ktor\u00e9 je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na technol\u00f3giach GNOME, spr\u00e1vca okien Budgie Window Manager (BWM) a vlastn\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia GNOME Shell. Z\u00e1kladom Budgie je panel, ktor\u00fd je usporiadan\u00fd podobne ako klasick\u00e9 desktopov\u00e9 panely. V\u0161etky prvky panela s\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciami, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje flexibilne nastavi\u0165 obsah, meni\u0165 umiestnenie a nahr\u00e1dza\u0165 implement\u00e1cie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch prvkov panela pod\u013ea vlastnej chuti.       <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 verzia Fedora Sway Spin s pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdm prostred\u00edm Sway, postaven\u00fdm na protokole Wayland a plne kompatibiln\u00fdm s dla\u017edicov\u00fdm spr\u00e1vcom okien i3 a panelom i3bar. Na zostavenie plnohodnotn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho prostredia s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii sprievodn\u00e9 komponenty: swayidle (na pozad\u00ed be\u017eiaci proces s implement\u00e1ciou protokolu KDE idle), swaylock (spr\u00e1vca obrazovky), mako (spr\u00e1vca ozn\u00e1men\u00ed), grim (tvorba sn\u00edmok obrazovky), slurp (v\u00fdber oblasti na obrazovke), wf-recorder (zachyt\u00e1vanie videa), waybar (panel aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed), virtboard (obrazov\u00e1 kl\u00e1vesnica), wl-clipboard (pr\u00e1ca sClipboardom), wallutils (spr\u00e1va pozad\u00ed pracovnej plochy).      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V in\u0161tal\u00e1tore Anaconda pre podporu softv\u00e9rov\u00fdch RAID poskytovan\u00fdch firmv\u00e9rmi (BIOS RAID, Firmware RAID, Fake RAID) je namiesto dmraid pou\u017eit\u00fd n\u00e1stroj mdadm.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd in\u0161tal\u00e1tor na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu obrazov s IoT verziou Fedora na zariadenia internetu vec\u00ed. In\u0161tal\u00e1tor je zalo\u017een\u00fd na coreos-installer a pou\u017e\u00edva priamu kop\u00edrovanie hotov\u00e9ho obrazu OStree bez interakcie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Modernizovan\u00e9 Live obrazy, ktor\u00e9 teraz podporuj\u00fa automatick\u00e9 zapnutie vrstvy pre trval\u00e9 uchovanie \u00fadajov pri zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed z USB zariadenia.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V X serveri a Xwayland je z d\u00f4vodu potenci\u00e1lnych bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov predvolene zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 pripojenie klientov z syst\u00e9mov s in\u00fdm porad\u00edm bajtov.       <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V predvolen\u00e9m kompil\u00e1tore s\u00fa akt\u00edvne prep\u00edna\u010de &#171;-fno-omit-frame-pointer&#187; a &#171;-mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer&#187;, ktor\u00e9 roz\u0161iruj\u00fa mo\u017enosti profilovania a ladenia a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa diagnostiku probl\u00e9mov s v\u00fdkonom bez potreby op\u00e4tovnej kompil\u00e1cie bal\u00edkov.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 zostavenie bal\u00edkov s aktivovan\u00fdm re\u017eimom ochrany &#171;_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3&#187;, ktor\u00fd odha\u013euje mo\u017en\u00e9 prete\u010denia vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed re\u0165azcov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed definovan\u00fdch v hlavi\u010dkovom s\u00fabore string.h. Rozdiel oproti re\u017eimu &#171;_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2&#187; spo\u010d\u00edva v dodato\u010dn\u00fdch kontrol\u00e1ch. Teoreticky m\u00f4\u017eu dodato\u010dn\u00e9 kontroly vies\u0165 k poklesu v\u00fdkonu, ale v praxi testy SPEC2000 a SPEC2017 neuk\u00e1zali \u017eiadne rozdiely a v procese testovania nepri\u0161li od pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov \u017eiadne s\u0165a\u017enosti na pokles v\u00fdkonu.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u010casova\u010d n\u00fadzov\u00e9ho ukon\u010denia jednotiek systemd bol zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd z 2 min\u00fat na 45 sek\u00fand.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Prebehla re\u0161trukturaliz\u00e1cia bal\u00edkov s platformou Node.js. Poskytla mo\u017enos\u0165 in\u0161talova\u0165 r\u00f4zne vetvy Node.js na syst\u00e9me s\u00fa\u010dasne (napr\u00edklad je teraz mo\u017en\u00e9 s\u00fa\u010dasne nain\u0161talova\u0165 bal\u00edky nodejs-16, nodejs-18 a nodejs-20).      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Aktualizovan\u00e9 verzia bal\u00edkov, medzi ktor\u00fdmi je Ruby 3.2, gcc 13, LLVM 16, Golang 1.20, PHP 8.2, binutils 2.39, glibc 2.37, gdb 12.1, GNU Make 4.4, cups-filters 2.0b, TeXLive 2022, ImageMagick 7, PostgreSQL 15.            <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 pre Fedora 38 boli uveden\u00e9 do prev\u00e1dzky &#171;free&#187; a &#171;nonfree&#187; repozit\u00e1re projektu RPM Fusion, v ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 bal\u00edky s dodato\u010dn\u00fdmi multimedi\u00e1lnymi aplik\u00e1ciami (MPlayer, VLC, Xine), video\/audio kodekmi, podporou DVD, propriet\u00e1rnymi ovl\u00e1da\u010dmi AMD a NVIDIA, hern\u00fdmi programami a emul\u00e1tormi.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58995\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora Linux 38. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora IoT Edition \u0438 Live-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie \u0438 Sway. \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, Power64 \u0438 ARM64 (AArch64). \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a Fedora Silverblue [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 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