{"id":119185,"date":"2024-08-08T09:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T07:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimost-ghostwrite-predostavlyayushhaya-polnyj-dostup-k-fizicheskoj-pamyati-na-cpu-risc-v-xuantie"},"modified":"2024-08-08T09:43:01","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T07:43:01","slug":"uyazvimost-ghostwrite-predostavlyayushhaya-polnyj-dostup-k-fizicheskoj-pamyati-na-cpu-risc-v-xuantie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/uyazvimost-ghostwrite-predostavlyayushhaya-polnyj-dostup-k-fizicheskoj-pamyati-na-cpu-risc-v-xuantie","title":{"rendered":"Zranite\u013enos\u0165 GhostWrite, poskytuj\u00faca pln\u00fd pr\u00edstup k fyzickej pam\u00e4ti na CPU RISC-V XuanTie","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Vedci z Helmholtzovho centra pre informa\u010dn\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 (CISPA) zverejnili v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdskumu zabezpe\u010denia procesorov zalo\u017een\u00fdch na architekt\u00fare RISC-V a odhalili zranite\u013enos\u0165 s k\u00f3dov\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom GhostWrite. Zranite\u013enos\u0165 sa t\u00fdka procesorov RISC-V XuanTie C910, ktor\u00e9 vyr\u00e1ba \u010d\u00ednska spolo\u010dnos\u0165 T-Head (podru\u017enica Alibaba) a s\u00fa vyv\u00edjan\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci otvoren\u00fdch projektov. Zranite\u013enos\u0165 umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi s obmedzen\u00fdm privilegovan\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom k syst\u00e9mu \u010d\u00edta\u0165 a zapisova\u0165 do ak\u00fdchko\u013evek oblast\u00ed fyzickej pam\u00e4te a z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k ovl\u00e1daniu perif\u00e9rnych zariaden\u00ed, ako s\u00fa sie\u0165ov\u00e9 karty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face MMIO (Memory-Mapped Input\/Output). <\/p>\n

Zranite\u013enos\u0165 je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 nedostatkami v architekt\u00fare procesora, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s izol\u00e1ciou pridan\u00fdch in\u0161trukci\u00ed od v\u00fdrobcu, ktor\u00e9 roz\u0161iruj\u00fa architekt\u00faru sady in\u0161trukci\u00ed RISC-V a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa priamy pr\u00edstup k DRAM, obch\u00e1dzaj\u00fac mechanizmy virtu\u00e1lnej pam\u00e4te. Pr\u00e1ca niektor\u00fdch roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch in\u0161trukci\u00ed priamo s fyzickou pam\u00e4\u0165ou namiesto virtu\u00e1lnej pam\u00e4te umo\u017e\u0148uje obi\u0165 izol\u00e1ciu pam\u00e4te medzi procesmi. <\/p>\n

Pripraven\u00e1 technika vykon\u00e1vania \u00fatokov je na 100% reprodukovate\u013en\u00e1 a vy\u017eaduje vykonanie svojho k\u00f3du v priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch mikrosek\u00fand. Softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 met\u00f3dy izol\u00e1cie, ako s\u00fa kontajnery a sandboxov\u00e9 prostredia, nebr\u00e1nia vykoris\u0165ovaniu zranite\u013enosti. Na zablokovanie zranite\u013enosti pom\u00e1ha iba \u00fapln\u00e9 vypnutie podpory vektorov\u00fdch roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed, \u010do vedie k poklesu v\u00fdkonu v testoch rvv-bench o 33% (v anot\u00e1cii k spr\u00e1ve je uveden\u00fdch 77%, na zhrnuj\u00facej str\u00e1nke \u2014 33%, pri\u010dom v detailoch sa spom\u00edna pokles v\u00fdkonu memcpy o 33% a memset o 8%), a asi zdvojn\u00e1sobuje mno\u017estvo procesorov\u00fdch in\u0161trukci\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch pre aplik\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n

CPU XuanTie C910 s\u00fa jedn\u00fdmi z najv\u00fdkonnej\u0161\u00edch \u010dipov RISC-V dostupn\u00fdch na trhu a u\u017e sa akt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v serveroch<\/a> cloudov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch a notebookoch. Napr\u00edklad probl\u00e9m sa prejavuje na serveroch Scaleway Elastic Metal RV1, v clusteroch Lichee Cluster 4A, notebooku Lichee Book 4A, hernej konzole Lichee Console 4A, prenosnom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di Lichee Pocket 4A, jednodeskov\u00fdch PC Sipeed Lichee Pi 4A, Milk-V Meles a BeagleV-Ahead. <\/p>\n

Ako pr\u00edklad v\u00fdskumn\u00edci pripravili exploit, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje nepou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi z\u00edska\u0165 root pr\u00e1va v Linuxe. Exploit men\u00ed obsah tabu\u013eky str\u00e1nok v pam\u00e4ti, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva na preklad virtu\u00e1lnych adries na fyzick\u00e9, aby z\u00edskal virtu\u00e1lne adresy spojen\u00e9 s ak\u00fdmiko\u013evek fyzick\u00fdmi adresami. Pripraven\u00fd je tie\u017e pr\u00edklad exploitu na \u010d\u00edtanie obsahu pam\u00e4te jadra a in\u00fdch procesov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje extrahova\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010de \u0161ifrovania a hesl\u00e1 ulo\u017een\u00e9 v pam\u00e4ti.

\u010eal\u0161ie v\u00fdskumn\u00edci identifikovali e\u0161te dve menej nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 architektonick\u00e9 zranite\u013enosti \u2014 jedna sa t\u00fdka procesorov T-Head XuanTie C906 a druh\u00e1 T-Head XuanTie C908. Obe zranite\u013enosti s\u00fa obmedzen\u00e9 na vyvolanie odmietnutia slu\u017eby kv\u00f4li zastaveniu \u010dinnosti CPU. Zranite\u013enosti m\u00f4\u017eu predstavova\u0165 nebezpe\u010denstvo pre cloudov\u00e9 platformy postaven\u00e9 na \u010dipoch T-Head XuanTie, preto\u017ee v pr\u00edpade pr\u00edstupu k vykon\u00e1vaniu k\u00f3du v cloudovom prostred\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 zastavi\u0165 \u010dinnos\u0165 aj ostatn\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa obsluhovan\u00ed na tom istom. serveri<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9my boli zisten\u00e9 pomocou frameworku RISCVuzz, vytvoren\u00e9ho na fuzzing-testovanie CPU. Framework odha\u013euje rozdiely v implement\u00e1cii rovnak\u00fdch roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch in\u0161trukci\u00ed na r\u00f4znych CPU, v s\u00falade s predpokladom, \u017ee kv\u00f4li absencii jednotn\u00e9ho registru roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed sady pr\u00edkazov RISC-V m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 rovnak\u00e9 k\u00f3dovan\u00e9 in\u0161trukcie na \u010dipoch r\u00f4znych v\u00fdrobcov spojen\u00e9 s vykon\u00e1van\u00edm r\u00f4znych akci\u00ed. Kontrola spo\u010d\u00edvala v porovn\u00e1van\u00ed spr\u00e1vania pri spracovan\u00ed procesorov\u00fdch in\u0161trukci\u00ed na r\u00f4znych CPU RISC-V a anal\u00fdze mo\u017en\u00fdch zranite\u013enost\u00ed v situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, kde do\u0161lo k rozporu spr\u00e1vania.
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CISPA) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b RISC-V \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f GhostWrite. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 RISC-V-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u044b XuanTie C910, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 T-Head (\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 Alibaba) \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Zranite\u013enos\u0165 GhostWrite, poskytuj\u00faca \u00fapln\u00fd pr\u00edstup k fyzickej pam\u00e4ti na CPU RISC-V XuanTie | ProHoster","description":"V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z Centra Helmholtz pre informa\u010dn\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 (CISPA) zverejnili v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdskumu zabezpe\u010denia procesorov zalo\u017een\u00fdch na architekt\u00fare RISC-V a odhalili inform\u00e1cie o zranite\u013enosti, ktor\u00e1 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