Bradley M. Kuhn, riadite\u013e a jeden zo zakladate\u013eov organiz\u00e1cie na ochranu pr\u00e1v Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), vyst\u00fapil s kritikou ned\u00e1vno zverejnenej defin\u00edcie otvoren\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu (Open Source AI) zverejnenou organiz\u00e1ciou OSI (Open Source Initiative). Pod\u013ea K\u00fana sa organiz\u00e1cia OSI pon\u00e1h\u013eala s publikovan\u00edm kone\u010dnej verzie defin\u00edcie a schv\u00e1lila ju bez dlh\u00e9ho komplexn\u00e9ho diskurzu a v po\u010diato\u010dnej f\u00e1ze formovania tak\u00fdchto syst\u00e9mov. Na porovnanie, defin\u00edcia Open Source bola zadan\u00e1 po mnoh\u00fdch rokoch \u00favah a diskusi\u00ed. Pokia\u013e ide o zverejnen\u00fa defin\u00edciu otvoren\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu, v tejto f\u00e1ze sa mala naz\u00fdva\u0165 sk\u00f4r odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm ne\u017e defin\u00edciou. <\/p>\n
Kuhn sa ob\u00e1va, \u017ee krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 otvoren\u00e9ho AI prijat\u00e9 v s\u00fa\u010dasnej podobe bud\u00fa ma\u0165 \u010falekosiahle n\u00e1sledky, podvrtn\u00fa autoritu pojmu Open Source a prived\u00fa k rozdeleniu komunity. Probl\u00e9mom je, \u017ee napriek n\u00e1mietkam sa organiz\u00e1cia OSI vydala na kompromis a nezahrnula po\u017eiadavku na poskytnutie \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 na tr\u00e9ning modelu. Pr\u00ed\u010dinou kompromisu bolo to, \u017ee v pr\u00edpade pridania tak\u00e9hoto bodu by \u017eiadny z existuj\u00facich ve\u013ek\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch modelov nez\u00edskal status otvoren\u00e9ho. <\/p>\n
Pod\u013ea n\u00e1zoru OSI by defin\u00edcia otvoren\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e1 zoh\u013ead\u0148uje existuj\u00face realit, mohla zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 manipul\u00e1ci\u00e1m v\u00fdrobcov s term\u00ednom \u201eotvoren\u00fd\u201c, ktor\u00ed v podmienkach nejasnosti naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa modely otvoren\u00fdmi len na z\u00e1klade dostupnosti v\u00e1h, aj ke\u010f licencia na model obmedzuje rozsah jeho pou\u017eitia (napr\u00edklad mnoh\u00e9 modely zakazuj\u00fa pou\u017eitie v komer\u010dn\u00fdch projektoch) a neodha\u013euj\u00fa podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n
V schv\u00e1lenej defin\u00edcii otvoren\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu zo strany OSI sa vy\u017eaduje len poskytn\u00fa\u0165 podrobn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o pou\u017eit\u00fdch \u00fadajoch, nie samotn\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Bez poskytnutia p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch \u00fadajov, na ktor\u00fdch sa model tr\u00e9noval, nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u00faplne reprodukova\u0165 AI syst\u00e9m, \u010do je v rozpore s konceptom otvoren\u00e9ho zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Takto sa organiz\u00e1cia OSI obmedzila len na pos\u00fadenie AI modelu ako technol\u00f3gie a nezobrala do \u00favahy ich ako celistv\u00fd produkt. <\/p>\n
V podstate prijat\u00e1 defin\u00edcia otvoren\u00e9ho AI syst\u00e9mu zaru\u010duje len dve zo \u0161tyroch deklarovan\u00fdch slob\u00f4d Open Source \u2014 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 a mo\u017enos\u0165 distribuova\u0165, zatia\u013e \u010do mo\u017enosti meni\u0165 a sk\u00fama\u0165 nie s\u00fa zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 \u00faplne. Okrem toho nedostatok vstupn\u00fdch d\u00e1t s\u0165a\u017euje identifik\u00e1ciu vkladania backdoorov do modelov strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia. <\/p>\n
Na druhej strane je publikovanie zdrojov\u00fdch d\u00e1t v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch nemo\u017en\u00e9 kv\u00f4li d\u00f4vodom, ktor\u00e9 nez\u00e1visia od v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ra AI-modelu, ako je potreba zachova\u0165 d\u00f4vernos\u0165, pou\u017e\u00edvanie materi\u00e1lov chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vom, licencovanie d\u00e1t od extern\u00fdch dod\u00e1vate\u013eov at\u010f. Pod\u013ea n\u00e1zorov kritikov akceptovanej defin\u00edcie, tak\u00e9to probl\u00e9my nie s\u00fa d\u00f4vodom na zni\u017eovanie a devalv\u00e1ciu pojmu Open Source. <\/p>\n
Bradley Kun m\u00e1 v \u00famysle z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 sa nasleduj\u00facich volieb do vedenia OSI a sna\u017ei\u0165 sa o vstup do spr\u00e1vnej rady, aby dosiahol zru\u0161enie akceptovanej defin\u00edcie a jej prevod do kateg\u00f3rie odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed. Okrem organiz\u00e1cie Software Freedom Conservancy svoj nes\u00fahlas s defin\u00edciou otvoren\u00e9 AI vyjadrili niektor\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri projektu Debian, ktor\u00ed predlo\u017eili iniciat\u00edvu na konanie spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho hlasovania na upozornenie na probl\u00e9m. Na svojej defin\u00edcii slobodn\u00e9ho AI-syst\u00e9mu pracuje aj Fond SPO, ktor\u00fd pl\u00e1nuje do svojej defin\u00edcie zavies\u0165 po\u017eiadavku dostupnosti v\u0161etk\u00fdch d\u00e1t, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 uzn\u00e1va existenciu etick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov, ktor\u00e9 niekedy br\u00e1nia zverejneniu d\u00e1t (napr\u00edklad ak pri vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 alebo osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje). \u0411\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u0443\u043d (Bradley M. Kuhn), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 OSI (Open Source Initiative) \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 AI-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (Open Source AI). \u041f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041a\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f OSI \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 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Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"