{"id":120593,"date":"2024-11-18T13:09:07","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T11:09:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima"},"modified":"2024-11-18T13:09:07","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T11:09:07","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-12-s-podderzhkoj-realtime-rezhima","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie jadra Linux 6.12 s podporou Realtime re\u017eimu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvoch mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja predstavil Linus Torvalds vydanie jadra Linux 6.12. Medzi najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edmi zmenami s\u00fa: mo\u017enos\u0165 zapnutia re\u00e1lneho re\u017eimu, sched_ext pre vytv\u00e1ranie pl\u00e1nova\u010dov CPU cez eBPF, v\u00fdstup QR k\u00f3du pri havarijn\u00fdch stavoch, mechanizmus Device Memory TCP, mechanizmus rezervovania zdrojov SCHED_DEADLINE server, vylep\u0161enie pl\u00e1nova\u010da \u00faloh EEVDF, modul IPE na nastavenie polit\u00edk zabezpe\u010denia integrity.        <\/p>\n<p>V novej verzii bolo prijat\u00fdch 14607 opr\u00e1v od 2167 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, ve\u013ekos\u0165 patchu \u2013 37 MB (zmeny sa dotkli 13087 s\u00faborov, pridalo sa 507913 riadkov k\u00f3du a odstr\u00e1nilo sa 234083 riadkov). V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej verzii bolo 15130 opr\u00e1v od 2078 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, ve\u013ekos\u0165 patchu \u2013 85 MB (v jadre 6.10 bol patch ve\u013ek\u00fd 41 MB). Pribli\u017ene 45 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch zmien v 6.12 s\u00favis\u00ed s ovl\u00e1da\u010dmi zariaden\u00ed, zhruba 12 % zmien sa t\u00fdka aktualiz\u00e1cie k\u00f3du \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho pre hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 architekt\u00fary, 13 % s\u00favis\u00ed s sie\u0165ov\u00fdm z\u00e1sobn\u00edkom, 6 % \u2013 s s\u00faborov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami a 3 % s vn\u00fatorn\u00fdmi subsyst\u00e9mami jadra.      <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 novinky v jadre 6.12:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u00e4\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola poskytnut\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 zostavenia jadra s vo\u013ebou PREEMPT_RT bez dodato\u010dn\u00fdch patchov na pr\u00e1cu v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase. Poslednou ch\u00fdbaj\u00facou mo\u017enos\u0165ou v jadre, ktor\u00e1 br\u00e1nila aktiv\u00e1cii re\u017eimu PREEMPT_RT, bola podpora nezamie\u0148aj\u00faceho at\u00f3mov\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu cez funkciu printk, ktor\u00e1 bola takisto prijat\u00e1 do jadra. Podpora PREEMPT_RT je dostupn\u00e1 pre architekt\u00fary x86, x86_64, ARM64 a RISC-V. Doteraz bola implement\u00e1cia re\u017eimu PREEMPT_RT dod\u00e1van\u00e1 vo forme extern\u00fdch patchov, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00fdch niektor\u00e9 distrib\u00facie, ako RHEL, SUSE a Ubuntu, vytvorili samostatn\u00e9 Realtime ed\u00edcie svojich produktov, \u017eiadan\u00e9 v oblastiach ako finan\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, zariadenia na spracovanie zvuku a videa, letectvo, medic\u00edna, robotika, telekomunika\u010dn\u00e9 a priemyseln\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kde je potrebn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00fd \u010das spracovania udalost\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd mechanizmus \u201esched_ext\u201c (SCX), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 eBPF na vytv\u00e1ranie pl\u00e1nova\u010dov CPU, pokr\u00fdvaj\u00facich takmer v\u0161etky aspekty pl\u00e1novania vykon\u00e1vania \u00faloh a rozde\u013eovania zdrojov CPU. Tak\u00e9to pl\u00e1nova\u010de m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 dynamicky na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 a vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 vo vn\u00fatri jadra Linux. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1lnom stroji\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4348\">virtu\u00e1lnom stroji<\/a> eBPF. Mechanizmus sched_ext u\u013eah\u010duje vytv\u00e1ranie pl\u00e1nova\u010dov \u0161pecifick\u00fdch pre ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00falohy, umo\u017e\u0148uje experimentova\u0165 s r\u00f4znymi technikami a strat\u00e9giami pl\u00e1novania a tie\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u00fdchlo vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 pracovn\u00e9 prototypy a nahr\u00e1dza\u0165 pl\u00e1nova\u010de za behu v pracovn\u00fdch infra\u0161trukt\u00farach. Napr\u00edklad pomocou sched_ext je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvori\u0165 pl\u00e1nova\u010d, ktor\u00fd zoh\u013ead\u0148uje \u0161pecifik\u00e1 ur\u010ditej aplik\u00e1cie a dynamicky men\u00ed strat\u00e9giu pl\u00e1novania jej vykon\u00e1vania v z\u00e1vislosti od stavu syst\u00e9mu a niektor\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch faktorov.\n<li class=\"l\"> S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou je zost\u00e1vaj\u00faca \u010das\u0165 patchov potrebn\u00fdch na fungovanie mechanizmu SCHED_DEADLINE server, ktor\u00fd rie\u0161i probl\u00e9m s nedostatkom CPU prostriedkov pre be\u017en\u00e9 \u00falohy v podmienkach monopoliz\u00e1cie CPU vysoko priorizovan\u00fdmi (realtime) \u00falohami. Na zabr\u00e1nenie monopoliz\u00e1cii CPU sa v jazd\u00e1ch predt\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edval mechanizmus Realtime throttling, ktor\u00fd sa sna\u017eil rezervova\u0165 5% pre n\u00edzkopr\u00ed prioritn\u00e9 \u00falohy, pri\u010dom 95% \u010dasu zostalo realtime-\u00faloh\u00e1m. Tento mechanizmus zostal za o\u010dak\u00e1vaniami, preto\u017ee be\u017en\u00e9 \u00falohy v mnoh\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch nedost\u00e1vali procesorov\u00fd \u010das. SCHED_DEADLINE server implementuje efekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed mechanizmus rezerv\u00e1cie zdrojov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dokon\u010dila sa integr\u00e1cia pl\u00e1nova\u010da \u00faloh EEVDF (Earliest Eligible Virtual Deadline First), ktor\u00fd nahradil pl\u00e1nova\u010d CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler), dod\u00e1van\u00fd od jadra 2.6.23. Nov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d pri v\u00fdbere nasleduj\u00faceho procesu na vykonanie zoh\u013ead\u0148uje procesy, ktor\u00e9 nedostali dostatok procesorov\u00fdch zdrojov alebo dostali nezasl\u00fa\u017eene ve\u013ea procesorov\u00e9ho \u010dasu. V prvom pr\u00edpade sa n\u00fati odovzdanie v\u00fdkonu procesu, zatia\u013e \u010do v druhom pr\u00edpade sa naopak odklad\u00e1. Star\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d CFS pou\u017e\u00edval heuristiky a jemn\u00e9 nastavenia na identifik\u00e1ciu procesov, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eadovali osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165, zatia\u013e \u010do nov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d ich sleduje explicitnej\u0161ie a nevy\u017eaduje jemn\u00e9 nastavenia. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee EEVDF umo\u017en\u00ed zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 oneskorenia pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed \u00faloh, s ktor\u00fdmi mal CFS probl\u00e9my pri pl\u00e1novan\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do spracovate\u013ea havarijn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00ed v jadre \u2013 DRM Panic, ktor\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edva podsystem DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) na zobrazenie preh\u013eadnej spr\u00e1vy v \u0161t\u00fdle \u201emodrej obrazovky smrti\u201c, bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 zobrazi\u0165 na obrazovke logo a QR k\u00f3d s spr\u00e1vou kmsg pri vzniku havarijn\u00e9ho stavu. Ke\u010f\u017ee do QR k\u00f3du sa zmest\u00ed iba 2953 bajtov, je zahrnut\u00e1 opcia DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_CODE_URL, pri ktorej je spr\u00e1va kmsg komprimovan\u00e1 pomocou zlib a pripojen\u00e1 ako parameter k URL, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje prenies\u0165 cez QR k\u00f3d V40 pribli\u017ene 7500 bajtov. Pri zostavovan\u00ed bal\u00edkov s jadrom m\u00f4\u017eu distrib\u00facie zada\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 odkazy pre URL, \u010do umo\u017en\u00ed organizova\u0165 prechod na str\u00e1nku na zaslanie spr\u00e1vy o probl\u00e9me. Na v\u00fdber form\u00e1tu QR k\u00f3du je predpokladan\u00e1 nastavenie DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_VERSION.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora roz\u0161\u00edrenia ARM POE (Permission Overlay Extension), ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010di\u0165 pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 pr\u00e1va k oblastiam pam\u00e4te. Pomocou tohto roz\u0161\u00edrenia m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 na syst\u00e9moch s procesormi ARM64 implementovan\u00e9 Mechanizmy Memory Protection Keys, ktor\u00e9 obmedzuj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdm str\u00e1nkam bez zmeny tabu\u013eky str\u00e1nok pam\u00e4te.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00fary Loongarch, ARM64, PowerPC a s390 bola prenesen\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania getrandom(), optimalizovan\u00e1 pomocou mechanizmu vDSO (virtual dynamic shared object), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje prenies\u0165 obsluhu syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania z jadra do u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru a vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa prep\u00ednaniu kontextu. Optimaliz\u00e1cia umo\u017e\u0148uje zr\u00fdchli\u0165 z\u00edskavanie n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel a\u017e 15-n\u00e1sobne.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu asynchr\u00f3nneho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu io_uring bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvania absol\u00fatnych \u010dasov\u00fdch limitov, ktor\u00e9 sa aktivuj\u00fa pri dosiahnut\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho \u010dasu na syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch (predt\u00fdm mohli by\u0165 nastaven\u00e9 iba relat\u00edvne \u010dasov\u00e9 limity, pri ktor\u00fdch bola uveden\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka od za\u010diatku oper\u00e1cie).\n<li class=\"l\"> Boli pridan\u00e9 s\u00fabory na generovanie bindingov pre kni\u017enicu libcpupower pomocou n\u00e1stroja SWIG, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 bindingy z k\u00f3du v C\/C++ pre r\u00f4zne programovacie jazyky. Bindingy umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 skripty v Pythone a in\u00fdch jazykoch a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ich na roz\u0161\u00edrenie funk\u010dnosti kni\u017enice libcpupower, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje API na spr\u00e1vu cpufreq a ovl\u00e1da\u010dov z u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> V utilite cpuidle je implementovan\u00e9 zobrazenie hodnoty stavu ne\u010dinnosti \u201eresidency\u201c, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva pre realtime syst\u00e9my a zoh\u013ead\u0148uje minim\u00e1lny \u010das, ktor\u00fd mus\u00ed procesor str\u00e1vi\u0165 v stave ne\u010dinnosti, aby ospravedlnil n\u00e1klady na energiu na prechod do tohto stavu a v\u00fdstup z neho.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 kompil\u00e1tor Clang na zostavovanie \u0161tandardnej C kni\u017enice nolibc, ktor\u00e1 je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou zdrojov\u00fdch textov jadra Linuxu a poskytuje ob\u00e1lku nad z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mov\u00fdmi volaniami. Pri zostavovan\u00ed nolibc v Clang je povolen\u00e9 pou\u017eitie optimaliz\u00e1cie po\u010das prepojenia (LTO).\n<li class=\"l\"> Niektor\u00e9 rozhrania cgroup1, ako je \u00fa\u010dtovanie TCP, prv\u00e1 verzia m\u00e4kk\u00fdch limitov (soft limit) a riadenie vy\u010derpania vo\u013enej pam\u00e4te, boli vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 za zastaran\u00e9. Podpora uveden\u00fdch funkci\u00ed zatia\u013e zost\u00e1va plne zachovan\u00e1 a varovanie bolo vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 za \u00fa\u010delom zistenia po\u010dtu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed na\u010falej vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa tieto mo\u017enosti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 nastavenia kruhov\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1vacieho pam\u00e4te pre sledovanie, aby sa uchovali zhroma\u017eden\u00e9 \u00fadaje po re\u0161tarte, \u010do zabr\u00e1ni strate zhroma\u017eden\u00fdch ladac\u00edch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v pr\u00edpade havarijn\u00e9ho ukon\u010denia pr\u00e1ce jadra. \u00dadaje s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v pam\u00e4ti. Aktiv\u00e1cia sa vykon\u00e1va prostredn\u00edctvom parametra pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku jadra trace_instance, napr\u00edklad nastavenie \u201etrace_instance=boot_map@0x285400000:12M\u201c rezervuje 12 MB pam\u00e4te na adrese 0x285400000 pre vyrovn\u00e1vaciu pam\u00e4\u0165 \u201eboot_map\u201c, ktor\u00e1 bude dostupn\u00e1 cez s\u00fabor \/sys\/kernel\/tracing\/instances\/boot_map.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje pren\u00e1\u0161anie zmien z vetvy Rust-for-Linux, s\u00favisiacich s pou\u017eit\u00edm jazyka Rust ako druh\u00e9ho jazyka na v\u00fdvoj ovl\u00e1da\u010dov a modulov jadra (podpora Rust nie je predvolene aktivovan\u00e1 a nezv\u00e1dza k zahrnutiu Rust medzi povinn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti kompil\u00e1cie jadra). Pridan\u00e9 moduly 'list' a 'rbtree' na pr\u00e1cu s obojsmern\u00fdmi zoznamami a \u010derveno-\u010diernymi vyh\u013ead\u00e1vac\u00edmi stromami (red-black tree). Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 mo\u017enosti modulov 'init', 'sync', 'types' a 'error'. Poskytnut\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017eitia k\u00f3du v Rust pri kompil\u00e1cii jadra s ochranou pred \u00fatokmi Spectre (mo\u017enosti MITIGATION_{RETHUNK, RETPOLINE, SLS}), pou\u017eit\u00edm ladacej s\u00fastavy KASAN, mechanizmov ochrany kCFI (kernel Control Flow Integrity) a Shadow Call, ako aj pri pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010fal\u0161\u00edch pluginov GCC. Pridan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d pre Ethernet ovl\u00e1da\u010d Applied Micro QT2025 PHY, nap\u00edsan\u00fd na Rust. Pripraven\u00e1 samostatn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka s dokument\u00e1ciou \u2014 rust.docs.kernel.org.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do zdrojov\u00fdch textov jadra bola pridan\u00e1 utilita xdrgen na transform\u00e1ciu XDR \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed (eXternal Data Representation) na funkcie k\u00f3dovania a dek\u00f3dovania XDR, nap\u00edsan\u00e9 v \u0161t\u00fdle C, ak\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v jadre Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jadra bolo prijat\u00e9 zmenu s implement\u00e1ciou mechanizmu maskovania ukazovate\u013eov na zn\u00ed\u017eenie po\u010dtu pomal\u00fdch volan\u00ed barrier_nospec() v 64-bitovej funkcii copy_from_user(), pou\u017e\u00edvanej na kop\u00edrovanie \u00fadajov do jadra z priestoru pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Pou\u017eitie maskovania ur\u00fdch\u013euje test \u201eper_thread_ops\u201c o 2,6%, ktor\u00fd hodnot\u00ed po\u010det oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vykonan\u00e9 v jednom vl\u00e1kne.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd USB ovl\u00e1da\u010d, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvanie protokolu 9pfs ako transportu pre prenos a pr\u00edjem \u00fadajov z USB zariadenia pri montovan\u00ed FS 9p nad USB (napr\u00edklad \u201emount -t 9p -o trans=usbg,aname=\/path\/to\/fs  \/mnt\/9\u201c). Ako pr\u00edklad pou\u017eitia nov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1da\u010da sa uv\u00e1dza vyu\u017eitie namiesto NFS na organiz\u00e1ciu zav\u00e1dzania kore\u0148ovej partie pri v\u00fdvoji vstavan\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, I\/O a s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do podsysyt\u00e9mu VFS bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pr\u00e1ce s \u00falo\u017en\u00fdmi zariadeniami, pri\u010dom ve\u013ekos\u0165 blokov je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako ve\u013ekos\u0165 pam\u00e4\u0165ovej str\u00e1nky v syst\u00e9me. V s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch je t\u00e1to mo\u017enos\u0165 zatia\u013e podporovan\u00e1 iba v XFS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9me FUSE, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ranie implement\u00e1ci\u00ed s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov funguj\u00facich v pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore, bola pridan\u00e1 podpora mapovania identifik\u00e1torov pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov pripojen\u00fdch s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 na priradenie s\u00faborov ur\u010dit\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea na pripojenej cudzom oddiele s in\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi v aktu\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola implementovan\u00e1 nov\u00e1 oper\u00e1cia fcntl F_CREATED_QUERY, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje aplik\u00e1cii ur\u010di\u0165, \u010di bol s\u00fabor vytvoren\u00fd pri otvoren\u00ed s volite\u013en\u00fdm flagom O_CREAT, alebo \u010di u\u017e existoval predt\u00fdm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania name_to_handle_at() bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvania jedine\u010dn\u00fdch 64-bitov\u00fdch identifik\u00e1torov bodov pripojenia na vyl\u00fa\u010denie pretekaj\u00faceho stavu pri anal\u00fdze \/proc\/mountinfo.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ve\u013ekos\u0165 \u0161trukt\u00fary &#171;file&#187; v jadre bola zmen\u0161en\u00e1 z 232 na 184 bajtov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 spotrebu pam\u00e4te na syst\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9 akt\u00edvne pracuj\u00fa s s\u00fabormi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola zak\u00e1zan\u00e1 mont\u00e1\u017e s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov na body pripojenia v hierarchii \/proc, napr\u00edklad v \/proc\/PID\/fd, \u010do by mohlo vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.\n<li class=\"l\"> V pseudo-FS NSFS (NameSpace FS), pou\u017e\u00edvanom na pr\u00e1cu s priestormi mien, bola implementovan\u00e1 poskytovanie dodato\u010dn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o priestoroch mien bodov pripojenia.\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me EROFS (Extendable Read-Only File System), ur\u010denom na pou\u017eitie na oddieloch pr\u00edstupn\u00fdch v re\u017eime iba na \u010d\u00edtanie, sa objavila podpora mont\u00e1\u017ee s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov priamo z diskov\u00fdch obrazov, ulo\u017een\u00fdch vo forme s\u00faborov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do XFS boli pridan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 ioctl pr\u00edkazy XFS_IOC_START_COMMIT a XFS_IOC_COMMIT_RANGE na v\u00fdmenu obsahu medzi dvoma s\u00fabormi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora protokolu &#171;LOCALIO&#187; bola pridan\u00e1 do NFS, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010di\u0165, \u010di sa klient a <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">server<\/a> NFS nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na rovnakom hostite\u013eovi, aby sa aktivovali pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 optimaliz\u00e1cie.\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me Btrfs boli navrhnut\u00e9 optimaliz\u00e1cie v\u00fdkonu, do\u0161lo k refaktoringu k\u00f3du, skr\u00e1ten\u00e1 oblas\u0165 zamykania extents pri oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch \u010d\u00edtania, pokro\u010dilo sa v pr\u00e1ci na prechode na pou\u017e\u00edvanie str\u00e1nkov\u00fdch foliantov pam\u00e4te (page folios), implementovalo sa automatick\u00e9 uvo\u013e\u0148ovanie pam\u00e4te pre \u0161trukt\u00faru btrfs_path.\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me Ext4 boli odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 chyby s\u00favisiace s pridelen\u00edm blokov, spr\u00e1vou extents, mechanizmom &#171;fast commit&#187; a \u017eurn\u00e1lovan\u00edm.                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u00e1cia a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd LSM modul IPE (Integrity Policy Enforcement), vyvinut\u00fd spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Microsoft na roz\u0161\u00edrenie existuj\u00faceho syst\u00e9mu mand\u00e1tneho spr\u00edstupnenia. Modul umo\u017e\u0148uje definova\u0165 celkov\u00fa politiku zabezpe\u010denia integrity pre cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00e1 ur\u010duje, ak\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie s\u00fa povolen\u00e9 a ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom by sa mali overova\u0165 pravos\u0165 komponentov. Napr\u00edklad, pomocou IPE je mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165, ktor\u00e9 spustite\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fabory je povolen\u00e9 spusti\u0165 pri zoh\u013eadnen\u00ed overenia ich zodpovednosti referen\u010dnej verzii pomocou kryptografick\u00fdch hashov poskytovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mom dm-verity.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na etape kompil\u00e1cie jadra je poskytnut\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 samostatn\u00e9ho zap\u00ednania dostupn\u00fdch met\u00f3d ochrany proti r\u00f4znym zranite\u013enostiam triedy Spectre v CPU. V Kconfig s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 nov\u00e9 parametre: MITIGATE_MDS (ochrana proti zranite\u013enosti Microarchitectural Data Sampling), MITIGATE_TAA (ochrana proti zranite\u013enosti TSX Asynchronous Abort), MITIGATE_MMIO_STALE_DATA (ochrana proti zranite\u013enosti MMIO Stale Data), MITIGATE_L1TF (ochrana proti zranite\u013enosti L1 Terminal Fault), MITIGATE_RETBLEED (ochrana proti zranite\u013enosti Retbleed), MITIGATE_SPECTRE_V1, MITIGATE_SPECTRE_V2 (ochrana proti zranite\u013enostiam Spectre), MITIGATE_SRBDS (ochrana proti zranite\u013enosti Special Register Buffer Data Sampling), MITIGATE_SSB (ochrana proti zranite\u013enosti Speculative Store Bypass).\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd parameter pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku proc_mem.force_override a s\u00fabor nastaven\u00ed zostavenia v Kconfig (PROC_MEM_FORCE_ALWAYS, PROC_MEM_FORCE_PTRACE a PROC_MEM_FORCE_NEVER), ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa zak\u00e1za\u0165 zmeny pam\u00e4te cez \/proc\/pid\/mem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pod syst\u00e9m LSM (Linux security module) pre\u0161iel na pou\u017e\u00edvanie statick\u00fdch volan\u00ed, \u010do umo\u017enilo posilni\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol zabezpe\u010den\u00fd mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 nat\u00edvne jadr\u00e1 pre architekt\u00faru ARM64 v hos\u0165ovsk\u00fdch prostrediach be\u017eiacich na androidov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch s modifikovan\u00fdm hyperv\u00edzorom KVM (protected KVM).\n<li class=\"l\"> V LSM module Landlock, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje obmedzi\u0165 interakciu skupiny procesov s vonkaj\u0161\u00edm prostred\u00edm, bola realizovan\u00e1 koncepcia &#171;IPC scoping&#187; pre selekt\u00edvne obmedzenie interakcie so sandboxov\u00e9 prostredia, pomocou Unixov\u00fdch soketov a sign\u00e1lov. Napr\u00edklad, je mo\u017en\u00e9 zak\u00e1za\u0165 nadviazanie pripojen\u00ed pomocou Unixov\u00fdch soketov zo sandboxov\u00e9ho prostredia na procesy, kde sa neuplat\u0148uje izol\u00e1cia, ale povoli\u0165 pripojenia k procesom v rovnakej oblasti scope.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo hyperv\u00edzore KVM v CPUID pre hos\u0165ovsk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my bol pridan\u00fd flag, ktor\u00fd signalizuje o podpore roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed AVX10.1.            <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sie\u0165ov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol zaveden\u00fd mechanizmus Device Memory TCP, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 sokety na priame odosielanie obsahu pam\u00e4te perif\u00e9rnych zariaden\u00ed po sieti (re\u017eim zero-copy) a priame umiestnenie obsahu sie\u0165ov\u00fdch paketov do pam\u00e4te zariadenia na strane pr\u00edjemcu. Pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 v paketochn d\u00e1ta s\u00fa dod\u00e1van\u00e9 zo sie\u0165ovej karty do pam\u00e4te perif\u00e9rneho zariadenia alebo z pam\u00e4te zariadenia do sie\u0165ovej karty priamo, obch\u00e1dzaj\u00fac CPU, a hlavi\u010dky paketov sa ukladaj\u00fa do be\u017en\u00fdch vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edch pam\u00e4t\u00ed jadra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Boli roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 mo\u017enosti mnoh\u00fdch Ethernetov\u00fdch a bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch ovl\u00e1da\u010dov. Napr\u00edklad, v ovl\u00e1da\u010di Intel iwlwifi bola pridan\u00e1 podpora presunu oper\u00e1ci\u00ed RLC\/SMPS na stranu firmv\u00e9ru, v ovl\u00e1da\u010di RealTek rtw89 bola zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 a pridan\u00e1 podpora \u010dipov RTL8852BT\/8852BE-VT (WiFi 6), v ethernetovom ovl\u00e1da\u010di microchip bola pridan\u00e1 podpora \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed IEEE 802.3bw (100BASE-T1) a IEEE 802.3bp, vylep\u0161en\u00e9 implement\u00e1cie virtu\u00e1lnych Ethernetov Microsoft vNIC a IBM veth. Boli pridan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de pre Ethernetov\u00e9 \u010dipy Realtek RTL9054, RTL9068, RTL9072, RTL9075, RTL9068, RTL9071 a Microchip LAN8650\/1 10BASE-T1S MAC-PHY.\n<li class=\"l\"> V MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed protokolu TCP pre organiz\u00e1ciu doru\u010dovania TCP-paketov s\u00fa\u010dasne cez viacero tr\u00e1s cez r\u00f4zne sie\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhrania, bol zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd rozsah pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pri smerovan\u00ed v\u00e1hov\u00fdch koeficientov z 8 na 16 bitov. Bolo realizovan\u00e9 ur\u010denie str\u00e1caj\u00faceho sa (blackhole) trafiku a pozastavenie pokusov o nadviazanie spojen\u00ed so syst\u00e9mami, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k strate trafiku na ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre IPv6 bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora pr\u00edznaku &#171;p&#187; v PIO (Prefix Information Option), ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v ozn\u00e1meniach RA (IPv6 Router Advertisements) na v\u00fdber modelu nasadenia klientov prostredn\u00edctvom DHCPv6-PD (DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation, RFC9663) namiesto pridelenia jednotliv\u00fdch adries na b\u00e1ze prefixov, pomocou SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration). V IOAM6 pre IPv6 bola pridan\u00e1 podpora nov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu enkapsul\u00e1cie tunsrc, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje dosiahnu\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdkon spracovania riadiacich paketov IPsec.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdkon vypr\u00e1zdnenia (flush) ve\u013ek\u00fdch s\u00faborov pravidiel nftables. V nfnetlink_queue bola vylep\u0161en\u00e1 podpora protokolu SCTP.\n<li class=\"l\"> V API ethtool bola pridan\u00e1 podpora viazania nieko\u013ek\u00fdch sie\u0165ov\u00fdch kariet na jedno sie\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhranie.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Zariadenie<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di AMDGPU pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ca na implement\u00e1cii podpory GPU AMD RDNA4 (&#171;GFX12&#187;). Pridan\u00e1 bola mo\u017enos\u0165 resetova\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 fronty \u00faloh bez resetovania stavu cel\u00e9ho GPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ca na ovl\u00e1da\u010di drm (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe pre GPU na b\u00e1ze architekt\u00fary Intel Xe, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva vo grafick\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch Intel rodiny Arc a integrovan\u00e9 grafike, po\u010dn\u00fac procesormi Tiger Lake. V novej verzii je zahrnut\u00e1 podpora GPU na b\u00e1ze mikroarchitekt\u00far Battlemage a Lunar Lake. Predstaven\u00e1 je podpora CCS-modifik\u00e1torov (Color Control Surface) Xe2 na ovl\u00e1danie parametrov integrovan\u00fdch a diskr\u00e9tnych GPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di i915 bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 v\u00fdstupu cez rozhranie HWMON alebo sysfs (atrib\u00fat &#171;fan1_input&#187;) inform\u00e1cie o r\u00fdchlosti ot\u00e1\u010dania chladi\u010da. Parametr &#171;i915.modeset&#187; bol vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za zastaran\u00fd, namiesto &#171;i915.modeset=0&#187; by sa mal pou\u017ei\u0165 parameter &#171;i915.nomodeset&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM-ovl\u00e1da\u010di msm (GPU Qualcomm Adreno) bola pridan\u00e1 podpora GPU A615, A306 a A621.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di Nouveau bola prepracovan\u00e1 a vy\u010disten\u00e1 vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di intel_pstate, ktor\u00fd riadi parametre energetickej spotreby (P-state) na syst\u00e9moch s procesormi Intel, bola pridan\u00e1 podpora hybridn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov s asymetrick\u00fdmi (l\u00ed\u0161iacimi sa charakteristikami) CPU, ako aj podpora riadenia nap\u00e1jania procesorov na b\u00e1ze mikroarchitekt\u00far Granite Rapids a Sierra Forest. V ovl\u00e1da\u010di intel_idle bola pridan\u00e1 podpora CPU Xeon Granite Rapids. V ovl\u00e1da\u010di intel_rapl bolo zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 rozpoznanie procesov AMD rodiny 1Ah a procesorov Intel ArrowLake-U.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje zahrnutie zmien na podporu ARM SoC Snapdragon X Elite, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva vlastn\u00fd 12-jadrov\u00fd CPU Qualcomm Oryon a GPU Qualcomm Adreno. \u010cip je zameran\u00fd na pou\u017eitie v notebookoch a PC a v mnoh\u00fdch v\u00fdkonnostn\u00fdch testoch prekon\u00e1va \u010dipy Apple M3 a Intel Core Ultra 155H.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora platforiem ARM, SoC a zariaden\u00ed: Broadcom bcm2712 (Raspberry Pi 5), Renesas R9A09G057 (RZ\/V2H), Qualcomm Snapdragon 414 (MSM8929), Lenovo ThinkPad T14s Gen 6, Lenovo A6000\/A6010, Surface Laptop 7, Anbernic RG35XXSP, Firefly Core-PX30-JD4, Lunzn Fastrhino R68S, Aspeed Riser, AGX Orin, Rockchip Qnap-TS433, Huashan Pi, Meta Catalina, BeagleY-AI, NanoPi R2S Plus, ExynosAuto v920, SOPHGO SG2002, Qualcomm IPQ5332, LG G4 (h815), Cool Pi CM5 GenBook, Anbernic RG35XXSP, GameForce Ace, IBM P11, Kontron i.MX93 OSM-S, NanoPC-T6.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora displejov\u00fdch panelov Anbernic RG28XX, On Tat Industrial Company KD50G21-40NT-A1, Innolux G070ACE-LH3, Melfas lmfbx101117480, Densitron DMT028VGHMCMI-1D, Microchip AC40T08A, AOU B116XTN02.3, AUO B116XAN06.1, AOU B116XAT04.1, BOE TV101WUM-LL2, BOE NV140WUM-N41, BOE NV133WUM-N63, BOE NV116WHM-A4D, BOE NE140WUM-N6G, CMN N116BCA-EA2, CMN N116BCP-EA2, CSW MNB601LS1-4, Starry er88577.\n<li class=\"l\"> V zvukovom syst\u00e9me bola pridan\u00e1 podpora pre \u010dipy a kodeky RME Digiface USB, AMD ACP 7.1, Mediatek MT6367, MT8365, Realtek RTL1320, C-Media CM9825. Star\u00e9 zvukov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de pre ASoC Intel boli vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e9 za zastaran\u00e9, namiesto ktor\u00fdch sa odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ovl\u00e1da\u010de AVS. Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da SoundWire bolo zaveden\u00fdch mnoho vylep\u0161en\u00ed.      <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62243\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.12. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c 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\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 14607 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 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