{"id":120801,"date":"2024-12-01T03:46:13","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T01:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux"},"modified":"2024-12-01T03:46:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-01T01:46:16","slug":"vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux","title":{"rendered":"Zisten\u00fd UEFI bootkit Bootkitty, vkladaj\u00faci \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d do na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9ho jadra Linuxu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z firmy ESET odhalili nov\u00fd bootkit \u201eBootkitty\u201c, ktor\u00fd sa in\u0161taluje po prenikan\u00ed do syst\u00e9mu namiesto bootloadera GRUB a pou\u017e\u00edva sa na vlo\u017eenie malv\u00e9ru do jadra Linuxu, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi skryto ovl\u00e1da\u0165 syst\u00e9m a vykon\u00e1va\u0165 v \u0148om svoje \u010dinnosti. Tvrd\u00ed sa, \u017ee ide o prv\u00fd UEFI bootkit zameran\u00fd na syst\u00e9my Linux. <\/p>\n

Bootkitty je umiestnen\u00fd v s\u00fabore grubx64.efi v syst\u00e9movej \u010dasti EFI (EFI system partition, \/boot\/efi\/EFI\/ubuntu) namiesto \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho bootloadera GRUB. Po aktiv\u00e1cii UEFI firmv\u00e9rom bootkit na\u010d\u00edta do pam\u00e4te skuto\u010dn\u00fd bootloader GRUB2 a vykon\u00e1 v pam\u00e4ti zmeny k\u00f3du GRUB2, ktor\u00e9 vyp\u00ednaj\u00fa kontrolu integrity komponentov, ktor\u00e9 sa nahr\u00e1vaj\u00fa nesk\u00f4r, a taktie\u017e prid\u00e1va obsluhovate\u013ea, ktor\u00fd sa aktivuje po rozbalen\u00ed obrazu jadra Linux do pam\u00e4te. Uveden\u00fd obsluhovate\u013e vykon\u00e1va zmeny v na\u010d\u00edtan\u00fdch pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch funkci\u00e1ch jadra (vyp\u00edna overovanie modulov pod\u013ea digit\u00e1lneho podpisu) a tie\u017e men\u00ed sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aciu vetu procesu inicializ\u00e1cie z \u201e\/init\u201c na \u201eLD_PRELOAD=\/opt\/injector.so \/init). <\/p>\n

Kni\u017enica injector.so zachyt\u00e1va niektor\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie SELinux a funkciu init_module, ktor\u00e1 sa potom pou\u017e\u00edva na na\u010d\u00edtanie modulu jadra \/opt\/dropper.ko. Modul jadra dropper.ko vytv\u00e1ra a sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a vykonate\u013en\u00fd s\u00fabor \/opt\/observer, potom sa skr\u00fdva v zozname modulov jadra a nastavuje obslu\u017en\u00e9 rutiny syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed, ako s\u00fa getdents a tcp4_seq_show, na skrytie s\u00faboru \/opt\/observer a ur\u010dit\u00e9ho sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho prenosu. Vykonate\u013en\u00fd s\u00fabor \/opt\/observer na\u010d\u00edta modul jadra \/opt\/rootkit_loader.ko, ktor\u00fd je loaderom rootkitu \/opt\/rootkit.

\"Zisten\u00fd<\/center> <\/p>\n

Na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu bootkitu je potrebn\u00fd privilegovan\u00fd pr\u00edstup k syst\u00e9mu a podobn\u00e9 typy \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru sa zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkmi po \u00faspe\u0161nom prelomen\u00ed alebo kompromit\u00e1cii syst\u00e9mu na zabezpe\u010denie svojho \u010fal\u0161ieho pr\u00edtomnosti a skrytie vykon\u00e1vanej \u0161kodlivej aktivity. Kni\u017enica injector.so a \u0161kodliv\u00e9 moduly jadra s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 v obraze po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9ho RAM disku alebo s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkom. Bootloader grubx64.efi je umiestnen\u00fd v oddiele so s\u00fabormi pre UEFI. <\/p>\n

Vo variante Bootkitty, ktor\u00e1 sa dostala do r\u00fak v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov, sa modifik\u00e1cia funkci\u00ed v pam\u00e4ti jadra vykon\u00e1vala pod\u013ea vopred definovan\u00fdch posunov bez overovania spr\u00e1vnosti t\u00fdchto posunov pre na\u010d\u00edtan\u00fa verziu jadra. Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v Bootkitty posuny sa uplatnili len na verzie jadra a GRUB dod\u00e1van\u00e9 v ur\u010dit\u00fdch vydaniach Ubuntu, zatia\u013e \u010do v ostatn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch viedli k zlyhaniu pri na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed. Na overenie bootloadera Bootkitty (grubx64.efi) sa pou\u017e\u00edval vlastn\u00fd certifik\u00e1t, \u010do neumo\u017e\u0148ovalo aplikova\u0165 bootkit na syst\u00e9moch s povolen\u00fdm re\u017eimom UEFI Secure Boot bez pridania certifik\u00e1tu \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka do zoznamu d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdch certifik\u00e1tov v UEFI. Tak\u00e9to \u0161pecifik\u00e1 vzbudili u v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov my\u0161lienku, \u017ee Bootkitty je zatia\u013e len prototyp bootkitu, ktor\u00fd sa e\u0161te nepou\u017e\u00edva na re\u00e1lne \u00fatoky. <\/p>\n

Po presk\u00faman\u00ed zverejnenej inform\u00e1cie spolo\u010dnosti ESET si v\u00fdskumn\u00edci z firmy Binarly REsearch v\u0161imli medzi artefaktmi s\u00favisiacimi s Bootkitty BMP-obr\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na vyu\u017eitie zranite\u013enosti LogoFAIL, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facej vykon\u00e1vanie k\u00f3du na \u00farovni UEFI firmv\u00e9ru a ob\u00eddenie mechanizmu UEFI Secure Boot. V kontexte Bootkitty sa zranite\u013enos\u0165 LogoFAIL vyu\u017e\u00edvala na pridanie vlastn\u00e9ho certifik\u00e1tu \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka do zoznamu schv\u00e1len\u00fdch certifik\u00e1tov UEFI, ktor\u00fdm bol podp\u00edsan\u00fd bootloader bootkitu grubx64.efi, \u010do umo\u017enilo spusti\u0165 bootkit na syst\u00e9moch s akt\u00edvnym UEFI Secure Boot bez manu\u00e1lneho prid\u00e1vania certifik\u00e1tu. <\/p>\n

\u00datok sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje umiestnen\u00edm \u0161peci\u00e1lne upraven\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zka vo form\u00e1te BMP do oddielu ESP (EFI System Partition) na jeho zobrazenie UEFI firmv\u00e9rom ako loga v\u00fdrobcu. Kv\u00f4li vyu\u017e\u00edvaniu zranite\u013en\u00fdch kni\u017en\u00edc v UEFI firmv\u00e9roch pre pr\u00e1cu s obr\u00e1zkami m\u00f4\u017ee spracovanie \u0161peci\u00e1lne upraven\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zka vies\u0165 k prete\u010deniu vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te a vykonaniu k\u00f3du s privil\u00e9giami UEFI firmv\u00e9ru. Zranite\u013enos\u0165 LogoFAIL bola identifikovan\u00e1 pred rokom a zasahovala do UEFI firmv\u00e9rov, medzi ktor\u00e9 patrili aj zariadenia Acer, HP, Fujitsu a Lenovo. V nov\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch UEFI firmv\u00e9rov bola t\u00e1to chyba odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1, ale mnoh\u00e9 zariadenia v obehov\u00e9 st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa zranite\u013en\u00e9 verzie firmv\u00e9ru.

\"Zisten\u00fd<\/center>
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 ESET \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0442 «Bootkitty», \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 GRUB \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 UEFI-\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c Linux. Bootkitty \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 grubx64.efi \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":120802,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Odhalen\u00fd UEFI bootkit Bootkitty, ktor\u00fd vklad\u00e1 \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d do sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acieho jadra Linuxu | 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