{"id":121246,"date":"2025-01-06T15:46:02","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T13:46:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/skrytaya-komandnaya-obolochka-v-sintezatore-yamaha-pozvolivshaya-vypolnit-kod-cherez-midi"},"modified":"2025-01-06T15:46:02","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T13:46:04","slug":"skrytaya-komandnaya-obolochka-v-sintezatore-yamaha-pozvolivshaya-vypolnit-kod-cherez-midi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/skrytaya-komandnaya-obolochka-v-sintezatore-yamaha-pozvolivshaya-vypolnit-kod-cherez-midi","title":{"rendered":"Skryt\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fd shell v syntetiz\u00e1toru Yamaha, kter\u00fd umo\u017enil vykonan\u00ed k\u00f3du p\u0159es MIDI","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Anna Anton\u011bnkov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdvojem vestav\u011bn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a ve sv\u00e9m voln\u00e9m \u010dase rozv\u00edj\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m BOSS (BEAM-based Operating System with Security), publikovala v\u00fdsledky reverzn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed hudebn\u00edho syntetiz\u00e1toru Yamaha PSR-E433. B\u011bhem proveden\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce byl v syntetiz\u00e1toru odhalen obfuskovan\u00fd shellov\u00fd interface, kter\u00fd umo\u017enil prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed vlastn\u00edho k\u00f3du na \u00farovni firmwaru. P\u0159\u00edstup k shellov\u00e9mu interface se realizuje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed MIDI paket\u016f se zpr\u00e1vami SysEx, kter\u00e9 lze poslat p\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00ed syntetiz\u00e1toru p\u0159es USB port. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 informace o \u010dipu a firmwaru, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159\u00edklady k\u00f3du a ladic\u00ed v\u00fdpisy, jsou um\u00edst\u011bny na GitHubu. <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1jem o reverzn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed vznikl p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety, pot\u00e9, co se Anna rozhodla vy\u010distit vnit\u0159nosti syntetiz\u00e1toru od prachu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 uspokojit svou zv\u011bdavost spojenou s touhou pod\u00edvat se na vnit\u0159ek za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Na desce byl p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010dip YAMAHA SWL01U, o kter\u00e9m se na internetu nepoda\u0159ilo naj\u00edt podrobn\u00e9 informace. P\u0159ed p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edci Anna narazila na manu\u00e1l ke podobn\u00e9mu modelu syntetiz\u00e1toru, ve kter\u00e9m byla uvedena pinout tohoto \u010dipu. Anna op\u011bt rozebrala za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a za\u010dala experimenty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vyu\u017eila dostupn\u00e9 v\u00fdvody pro ladic\u00ed interface JTAG a port UART.

\"Skryt\u00fd<\/center> <\/p>\n

Pomoc\u00ed debuggeru OpenOCD, p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k JTAG a experiment\u016f bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee na desce je pou\u017eit \u010dip s procesorov\u00fdm j\u00e1drem ARM7TDMI. Po prostudov\u00e1n\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed pam\u011bti v debuggeru se poda\u0159ilo vy exportovat obsah firmwaru um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9ho v ROM a Flash pam\u011bti. Pot\u00e9 byly obrazy firmwaru analyzov\u00e1ny v bal\u00edku pro reverzn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed Ghidra. <\/p>\n

Pri prezeran\u00ed vybran\u00fdch re\u0165azcov\u00fdch d\u00e1t vyextrahovan\u00fdch z firmv\u00e9ru bol zaznamenan\u00fd s\u00fabor re\u0165azcov («help, «info», «ver», «logout» a pod.), ktor\u00e9 sa podobaj\u00fa pr\u00edkazom programovej shell. Sk\u00famanie ukazovate\u013eov na tieto re\u0165azce umo\u017enilo n\u00e1js\u0165 k\u00f3d, ktor\u00fd vol\u00e1 funkcie na spracovanie pr\u00edkazov, pripom\u00ednaj\u00face rozhranie prihl\u00e1senia a pr\u00edkazov\u00fa shell. Zistilo sa tie\u017e, \u017ee na aktiv\u00e1ciu shell existuje pr\u00edkaz «login», do ktor\u00e9ho je potrebn\u00e9 zada\u0165 heslo «#0000». void shell_run_command(char* command_input) { if (shell_login_state == 0) { if (shell_compare_command(command_input, «login») == 0) { shell_ask_passwd(); \\\/\\\/ vytla\u010d\u00ed «passwd? » shell_login_state = 1; } } else if (shell_login_state == 1) { if (shell_compare_command(command_input, «#0000») == 0) { shell_login_ok(); \\\/\\\/ vytla\u010d\u00ed «login OK» shell_login_state = 2; } else { shell_print(«Passwd Error\r»); shell_login_state = 0; } } else { \\\/\\\/ skuto\u010dne vykon\u00e1 pr\u00edkaz } } <\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ie presk\u00famanie firmv\u00e9ru uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee pr\u00edkazy sa spracov\u00e1vaj\u00fa v bal\u00edkoch, ktor\u00e9 v\u017edy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa rovnak\u00fdmi 8 bajtmi \u00fadajov a kon\u010dia k\u00f3dom 0xf7. Ke\u010f\u017ee vonkaj\u0161ia interakcia so syntetiz\u00e1torom prebieha len cez MIDI a v \u0161pecifik\u00e1cii MIDI je predp\u00edsan\u00fd \u0161peci\u00e1lny typ spr\u00e1v SysEx, bolo predpokladan\u00e9, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve ten m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd na prenos pr\u00edkazov. Te\u00f3riu podporovala aj skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee spr\u00e1vy SysEx a bal\u00edky spracov\u00e1van\u00e9 shellom za\u010d\u00ednali jedn\u00fdm k\u00f3dom 0xf0, po ktorom nasledoval identifik\u00e1tor v\u00fdrobcu 0x43 (Yamaha). <\/p>\n

Na overenie hypot\u00e9zy bol nap\u00edsan\u00fd Python skript, ktor\u00fd prekladal zadan\u00e9 \u00fadaje do paketov protokolu MIDI. A met\u00f3da zafungovala: login passwd? #0000 login OK > help logout help ? info ver stack perf-on perf-off perf-disp d dp d xxxxx d\/s xxxxx m ADRESA D\u00c1T m\/b ADRESA D\u00c1T m\/w ADRESA D\u00c1T m\/l ADRESA D\u00c1T > info DevelopName PSR-E433 DevelopNumber #3341 Main DevelopNumber #3341 Make data & \u010das 16. m\u00e1j 2012 19:00:57 J\/E V\u00fdber Angli\u010dtina > <\/p>\n

V n\u00e1povede, ktor\u00e1 sa zobrazuje pri zaslan\u00ed pr\u00edkazu «help», okrem in\u00e9ho boli pr\u00edkazy na zmenu obsahu pam\u00e4te. Pomocou t\u00fdchto pr\u00edkazov bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edta\u0165 \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fd k\u00f3d do pam\u00e4te a prenies\u0165 na neho kontrolu, ktor\u00fa by sme mohli zmeni\u0165 pomocou ukazovate\u013ea na z\u00e1sobn\u00edku, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na n\u00e1vrat po dokon\u010den\u00ed spracovania pr\u00edkazu. Ako experiment bol v nevyu\u017eitej oblasti pam\u00e4te umiestnen\u00fd jednoduch\u00fd program nap\u00edsan\u00fd v assembleri, ktor\u00fd vypisoval re\u0165azec «HeloWrld» na 8-znakov\u00fd LCD displej. Program bol zrealizovan\u00fd ako oby\u010dajn\u00fd MIDI s\u00fabor, ktor\u00fd sta\u010dilo prenies\u0165 na zariadenie.

\"Skryt\u00fd<\/center> <\/p>\n

Po tomto sa za\u010dala pr\u00e1ca na \u0161t\u00fadiu vlastnost\u00ed v\u00fdstupu grafiky na LCD displej, ktor\u00e9ho vyvrcholen\u00edm bola pr\u00edprava k\u00f3du, ktor\u00fd zobrazoval \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fd pixelov\u00fd obsah v symbolickej oblasti, s\u00fabe\u017ene s prehr\u00e1van\u00edm videa Bad Apple na externom zariaden\u00ed (video s demon\u0161tr\u00e1ciou).

\"Skryt\u00fd<\/center>
\r\n \"Prehrajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 BOSS (BEAM-based Operating System with Security), \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Yamaha PSR-E433. \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0444\u0443\u0441\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 shell-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a shell-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 MIDI-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 SysEx, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":121247,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Skryt\u00e1 pr\u00edkazov\u00e1 konzola v syntetiz\u00e1tore Yamaha, 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