{"id":121428,"date":"2025-01-20T15:46:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-20T13:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-13"},"modified":"2025-01-20T15:46:03","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T13:46:03","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-13","title":{"rendered":"Uvo\u013enenie jadra Linux 6.13","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvoch mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja predstavil Linus Torvalds vydanie jadra Linux 6.13. Medzi najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie zmeny patr\u00ed re\u017eim leniv\u00e9ho vyra\u010fovania v pl\u00e1nova\u010di \u00faloh, podpora atom\u00e1rneho z\u00e1pisu v XFS a Ext4, mechanizmus \u201emultigrain timestamps\u201c, adapt\u00edvny re\u017eim zap\u00ednania polingu v sie\u0165ovej subsyst\u00e9me, mo\u017enos\u0165 zostavenia s optimaliz\u00e1ciami AutoFDO, podpora mechanizmu ochrany ARM65 Guarded Control Stack, izol\u00e1cia virtu\u00e1lnych strojov pomocou roz\u0161\u00edrenia ARM CCA, oddelen\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky v BPF, odstr\u00e1nenie ReiserFS, ovl\u00e1da\u010d virtual-cpufreq, netlink API net-shaper, re\u017eim montovania tmpfs so zoh\u013eadnen\u00edm ve\u013ek\u00fdch a mal\u00fdch p\u00edsmen, podpora roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed POSIX v SMB3, ovl\u00e1da\u010d AMD Cache Optimizer.      <\/p>\n<p>Do novej verzie bolo zahrnut\u00fdch 14172 opr\u00e1v od 2086 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, ve\u013ekos\u0165 patche \u2014 46 MB (zmeny sa dotkli 15375 s\u00faborov, pridan\u00fdch 598707 riadkov k\u00f3du, odstr\u00e1nen\u00fdch 406294 riadkov). V minulom vydan\u00ed bolo 14607 opr\u00e1v od 2167 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, ve\u013ekos\u0165 patche \u2014 37 MB. Pribli\u017ene 52 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch predlo\u017een\u00fdch zmien v 6.13 s\u00favis\u00ed s ovl\u00e1da\u010dmi zariaden\u00ed, pribli\u017ene 13 % zmien sa t\u00fdka aktualiz\u00e1cie k\u00f3du \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho pre hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 architekt\u00fary, 11 % s\u00favis\u00ed so sie\u0165ov\u00fdm z\u00e1sobn\u00edkom, 4 % \u2014 s s\u00faborov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami a 3 % s vn\u00fatorn\u00fdmi subsyst\u00e9mami jadra.        <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 novinky v jadre 6.13:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, I\/O a s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd mechanizmus \u201emultigrain timestamps\u201c, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edska\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o \u010dase zmeny alebo pr\u00edstupu k s\u00faborom s presnos\u0165ou lep\u0161ou ako milisekunda, ale bez negat\u00edvneho vplyvu na v\u00fdkon. Zvy\u0161ovanie presnosti zna\u010diek vedie k dodato\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1kladom v d\u00f4sledku zv\u00fd\u0161enej intenzity z\u00e1pisu metad\u00e1t na disk, preto v navrhnutej implement\u00e1cii sa presnej\u0161ie zna\u010dky vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa nie pre v\u0161etky s\u00fabory, ale len pre tie, pre ktor\u00e9 procesy po\u017eaduj\u00fa tak\u00e9to zna\u010dky prostredn\u00edctvom volania getattr().\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora atomick\u00fdch z\u00e1pisov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, pri ktor\u00fdch sa z\u00e1pis \u00fadajov, ktor\u00fdch ve\u013ekos\u0165 presahuje ve\u013ekos\u0165 sektora, vykon\u00e1va atomicky na pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch zariadeniach, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa tak\u00fato mo\u017enos\u0165. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je atom\u00e1rny z\u00e1pis implementovan\u00fd pre XFS, Ext4 v re\u017eime O_DIRECT (Direct I\/O) a md RAID 0\/1\/10.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol navrhnut\u00fd nov\u00fd mechanizmus po\u010d\u00edtania odkazov pre s\u00fabory, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje n\u00e1rast v\u00fdkonu o 3-5% v pracovn\u00fdch z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eiach, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa viac ako 255 pr\u00fadov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implement\u00e1cia s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ReiserFS bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1, pri\u010dom bola predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci rok vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e1 za zastaran\u00fa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd sysctl parameter \u201efs.dentry-negative\u201c na nastavenie politiky VFS pre \u010distenie z\u00e1znamov \u201edentry\u201c (vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 zobrazenie prvkov adres\u00e1rov) po odstr\u00e1nen\u00ed s\u00favisiacich s\u00faborov. Pre niektor\u00e9 typy za\u0165a\u017eenia je lep\u0161ie ponecha\u0165 tak\u00e9to z\u00e1znamy o odstr\u00e1nen\u00fdch s\u00faboroch, zatia\u013e \u010do pre in\u00e9 je lep\u0161ie ich odstr\u00e1ni\u0165, preto v jadre je poskytovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 v\u00fdberu (predvolene sa \u201edentry\u201c automaticky neodstra\u0148uj\u00fa).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho vol\u00e1n\u00ed statmount() bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00e9ho flag STATMOUNT_OPT_ARRAY na vr\u00e1tenie zoznamu mo\u017enost\u00ed s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vo forme po\u013ea re\u0165azcov, ktor\u00e9 kon\u010dia nulov\u00fdm symbolom a nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u00fanik &#171;&#092;000&#187;. Pridan\u00e1 podpora na vr\u00e1tenie podtypu FS (fs_subtype, na ur\u010denie vyu\u017eitia FUSE), mo\u017enost\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00e9ho montovania a p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho superbloku (sb_source).\n<li class=\"l\"> V OverlayFS bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 ur\u010dovania vrstiev prostredn\u00edctvom s\u00faborov\u00fdch deskriptorov namiesto n\u00e1zvov s\u00faborov\u00fdch ciest.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu tmpfs bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 montovania &#171;casefold&#187; na pr\u00e1cu bez oh\u013eadu na ve\u013ekos\u0165 p\u00edsmen a mo\u017enos\u0165 &#171;strict_encoding&#187; na zablokovanie vytv\u00e1rania s\u00faborov s n\u00e1zvami obsahuj\u00facimi neplatn\u00e9 symboly UTF-8.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol navrhnut\u00fd nov\u00fd s\u00fabor syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed na spr\u00e1vu roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch atrib\u00fatov s\u00faborov: setxattrat(), getxattrat(), listxattrat() a removexattrat(). Na rozdiel od syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed setxattr(), getxattr(), listxattr() a removexattr() nov\u00e9 varianty vy\u017eaduj\u00fa uvedenie s\u00faborov\u00e9ho deskriptora adres\u00e1ra, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00e9ho sa h\u013ead\u00e1 s\u00faborov\u00e1 cesta.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do Btrfs bola pridan\u00e1 ioctl-oper\u00e1cia BTRFS_IOC_SUBVOL_SYNC_WAIT, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148a \u010dakanie na ukon\u010denie \u010distenia podriaden\u00fdch objemov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje vykona\u0165 pr\u00edkaz &#171;btrfs subvolume sync&#187; neprivilegovan\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi, ktor\u00fd nem\u00e1 pr\u00edstup k ioctl SEARCH_TREE (u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch z\u00e1lohovania, ktor\u00e9 \u010distia podriaden\u00e9 objemy). Pridan\u00e1 ioctl-oper\u00e1cia ENCODED_READ na \u010d\u00edtanie cez io_uring zak\u00f3dovan\u00fdch d\u00e1t, napr\u00edklad na priame \u010d\u00edtanie komprimovan\u00fdch extentov bez rozba\u013eovania. Pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ca na prechode na vyu\u017e\u00edvanie foliantov str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te (page folios). Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd vznik konkuren\u010dn\u00fdch blok\u00e1d (&#171;lock contention&#187;) pri vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed zabudovan\u00fdch sp\u00e4tn\u00fdch odkazov a pri prechode cez buffery extentov. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 kompresie mapy extentov.\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me EROFS (Roz\u0161\u00edrite\u013en\u00fd iba na \u010d\u00edtanie), ur\u010den\u00e9ho na pou\u017eitie na oddieloch dostupn\u00fdch v re\u017eime iba na \u010d\u00edtanie, bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017eitia volieb SEEK_HOLE a SEEK_DATA v syst\u00e9movom volan\u00ed lseek().\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo F2FS bola pridan\u00e1 podpora zrkadlenia zariaden\u00ed (&#171;device aliasing&#187;), ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje do\u010dasne rezervova\u0165 oblas\u0165 v F2FS na vyu\u017eitie \u010dasti blokov\u00e9ho zariadenia v inom FS. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed vonkaj\u0161ej oper\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 rezervovan\u00e1 oblas\u0165 vr\u00e1ten\u00e1 do F2FS. Napr\u00edklad, m\u00f4\u017eete vytvori\u0165 FS pr\u00edkazom &#171;mkfs.f2fs -c \/dev\/vdc@vdc.file \/dev\/vdb&#187;, po ktorom obsah zariadenia \/dev\/vdc bude rezervovan\u00fd a zrkadlen\u00fd do s\u00faboru vdc.file a oddiel \/dev\/vdc m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd na vlastn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, napr\u00edklad na form\u00e1tovanie do in\u00e9ho FS. Na vr\u00e1tenie rezervovan\u00e9ho obsahu sta\u010d\u00ed odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00fabor vdc.file.\n<li class=\"l\"> V XFS bola pridan\u00e1 podpora kv\u00f3t pre realtime zariadenia. Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora pre adres\u00e1r s metad\u00e1tami, v ktorom s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 v\u0161etky inode s metad\u00e1tami.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanizmu FUSE bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 dynamicky meni\u0165 maxim\u00e1lny po\u010det str\u00e1n (FUSE_MAX_MAX_PAGES) pomocou &#171;sysctl fs.fuse.max_pages_limit&#187;. Je zapojen\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca s foliantmi str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te (page folios).\n<li class=\"l\"> V SMB je implementovan\u00e1 podpora pre POSIX-roz\u0161\u00edrenia pre SMB3, ktor\u00e1 je potrebn\u00e1 na ukladanie \u0161peci\u00e1lnych typov s\u00faborov, ako s\u00fa fifo, s\u00fabory zariaden\u00ed a symbolick\u00e9 odkazy. Pridan\u00e1 bola mo\u017enos\u0165 pripojenia oddielu s alternat\u00edvnym heslom, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edva pri rot\u00e1cii hesiel. Bola pridan\u00e1 nov\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 montovania &#171;cifs.upcall&#187; na ur\u010denie menn\u00e9ho priestoru. Zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 je rozpozn\u00e1vanie symbolick\u00fdch a blokov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed vytvoren\u00fdch v Windows NFS Server. Pridala sa podpora symbolick\u00fdch odkazov v \u0161t\u00fdle WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux).\n<li class=\"l\"> S\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my UBIFS, ADFS, BEFS, HFS, HFSPLUS, HPFS, JFS a ECRYPTFS boli prekladan\u00e9 na pou\u017e\u00edvanie nov\u00e9ho API montovania oddielov.\n<li class=\"l\"> S\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ECRYPTFS, UFS a NILFS2 boli prekladan\u00e9 na pou\u017e\u00edvanie f\u00f3liantov str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te.                          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u00e4\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V pl\u00e1nova\u010di bola implementovan\u00e1 model leniv\u00e9ho vytesnenia \u00faloh (PREEMPT_LAZY, lazy preemption), ktor\u00fd zodpoved\u00e1 modelu \u00fapln\u00e9ho vytesnenia (&#171;full preemption&#187;) pre realtime \u00falohy (RR\/FIFO\/DEADLINE), ale oneskoruje vytesnenie be\u017en\u00fdch \u00faloh (SCHED_NORMAL) do hranice ticku. Uveden\u00e9 oneskorenie vedie k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu pr\u00edpadov vytesnenia dr\u017eite\u013eov z\u00e1mkov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje pribl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 v\u00fdkon k konfigur\u00e1ci\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa model dobrovo\u013en\u00e9ho vytesnenia (voluntary preemption). T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom nov\u00fd model umo\u017e\u0148uje zachova\u0165 mo\u017enosti \u00fapln\u00e9ho vytesnenia vo vz\u0165ahu k realtime \u00faloh\u00e1m, ale minimalizuje pokles v\u00fdkonu pre be\u017en\u00e9 \u00falohy. Okrem toho nov\u00fd model zjednodu\u0161uje logiku oper\u00e1ci\u00ed vytesnenia \u00faloh v jadre, v\u010faka vyl\u00fa\u010deniu spracovate\u013eov nach\u00e1dzaj\u00facich sa v in\u00fdch komponentoch jadra (mimo pl\u00e1nova\u010da \u00faloh).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pri zostavovan\u00ed pomocou kompil\u00e1tora Clang bola poskytnut\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvania optimaliz\u00e1ci\u00ed<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62587\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.13. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 XFS \u0438 Ext4, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c &#171;multigrain timestamps&#187;, \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 AutoFDO, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b ARM65 Guarded Control Stack, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.13.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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