{"id":121679,"date":"2025-02-02T21:46:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-02T19:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rekomendaczii-linux-foundation-po-soblyudeniyu-sankczij-v-otkrytyh-proektah"},"modified":"2025-02-02T21:46:00","modified_gmt":"2025-02-02T19:46:00","slug":"rekomendaczii-linux-foundation-po-soblyudeniyu-sankczij-v-otkrytyh-proektah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/rekomendaczii-linux-foundation-po-soblyudeniyu-sankczij-v-otkrytyh-proektah","title":{"rendered":"Odpor\u00fa\u010dania Linux Foundation na dodr\u017eiavanie sankci\u00ed v otvoren\u00fdch projektoch","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Organiz\u00e1cia Linux Foundation zverejnila anal\u00fdzu aplikovate\u013enosti obmedzen\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zav\u00e1dzan\u00e9 sankciami, zhrnula vznikaj\u00face rizik\u00e1 a poskytla odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre spr\u00e1vcov otvoren\u00fdch projektov t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa \u00fa\u010dasti os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 podliehaj\u00fa sankci\u00e1m.     <\/p>\n<p>Linux Foundation st\u00e1le presadzuje medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu a otvoren\u00fa ekosyst\u00e9m pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch z\u00e1ujemcov, bez oh\u013eadu na n\u00e1rodnos\u0165, krajinu pobytu, politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kult\u00farne hodnoty a ideol\u00f3giu. V tomto pr\u00edpade organiz\u00e1cia operuje v r\u00e1mci pr\u00e1vneho r\u00e1mca USA a je povinn\u00e1 dodr\u017eiava\u0165 z\u00e1kony a pravidl\u00e1, v ktor\u00fdch predstava o neutralite a rovnosti v otvorenom softv\u00e9ri sa m\u00f4\u017ee l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 od interpret\u00e1cie mnoh\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed.            <\/p>\n<p>Neistota nast\u00e1va vo vz\u0165ahu k sankci\u00e1m zav\u00e1dzan\u00fdm \u00daradom pre kontrolu zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch akt\u00edv USA (OFAC). Sankcie OFAC sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa na ob\u010danov, organiz\u00e1cie alebo firmy uveden\u00e9 na \u0161peci\u00e1lnom sank\u010dnom zozname (SDN, Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons), ako aj na osoby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s nimi prepojen\u00e9 (napr\u00edklad firmy, v ktor\u00fdch m\u00e1 osoba zo sank\u010dn\u00e9ho zoznamu priamy alebo nepriamy podiel 50% a viac).    <\/p>\n<p>Upozor\u0148uje sa, \u017ee pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed obmedzuj\u00facich z\u00e1konov v posledn\u00fdch rokoch, ako je Cyber Resilience Act, presadzovacie skupiny h\u00e1jili z\u00e1ujmy otvoren\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru a z\u00edskali v\u00fdnimky, ktor\u00e9 zmier\u0148ovali uplatnenie t\u00fdchto z\u00e1konov t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa otvoren\u00fdch projektov. Pr\u00e1vny r\u00e1mec pre sankcie OFAC bol vyvinut\u00fd d\u00e1vno a nezoh\u013ead\u0148oval \u0161pecifik\u00e1 spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja otvoren\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru a do ned\u00e1vnej doby nevytv\u00e1ral probl\u00e9my pre v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov otvoren\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru, preto\u017ee sankcie OFAC sa uplat\u0148ovali len vo v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.     <\/p>\n<p>Ofici\u00e1lne vyhl\u00e1senia k aplik\u00e1cii po\u017eiadaviek sankci\u00ed OFAC na otvoren\u00e9 projekty neboli publikovan\u00e9, a preto musia pr\u00e1vnici interpretova\u0165 po\u017eiadavky s oh\u013eadom na predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face uplat\u0148ovanie sankci\u00ed v podobnom kontexte a kona\u0165 opatrne, vyva\u017euj\u00fac medzi t\u00fa\u017ebou zachova\u0165 glob\u00e1lny charakter v\u00fdvoja a vznikaj\u00facimi rizikami, ako s\u00fa vysok\u00e9 pokuty a trestn\u00e9 st\u00edhanie. Okrem sankci\u00ed OFAC sa v USA uplat\u0148uj\u00fa aj v\u00fdvozne obmedzenia, ktor\u00e9 zav\u00e1dza Ministerstvo obchodu USA v s\u00falade so z\u00e1konodarstvom o v\u00fdvoznom kontrolovan\u00ed. Tieto obmedzenia sa net\u00fdkaj\u00fa verejn\u00fdch v\u00fdvojov a preto nepredstavuj\u00fa probl\u00e9my pre otvoren\u00e9 projekty.    <\/p>\n<p>Sank\u010dn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky OFAC sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa nielen na spolo\u010dnosti z USA a ob\u010danov USA, ale aj na zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa obchodn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami z USA alebo vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa finan\u010dn\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie v americk\u00fdch dol\u00e1roch. Osob\u00e1m uveden\u00fdm na sank\u010dnom zozname OFAC sa zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fa tak\u00e9 obmedzenia, ako je z\u00e1kaz invest\u00edci\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed (vr\u00e1tane, platby za slu\u017eby); z\u00e1kaz dovozu a v\u00fdvozu tovaru, technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a slu\u017eieb; z\u00e1kaz majetkov\u00fdch transakci\u00ed (vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s du\u0161evn\u00fdm vlastn\u00edctvom).    <\/p>\n<p>Spolo\u010dnostiam a organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 otvoren\u00e9 projekty a podliehaj\u00fa jurisdikcii USA alebo spolupracuj\u00fa so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami z USA, s\u00fa odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 nasleduj\u00face kroky:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sankcie OFAC obsahuj\u00fa v\u00fdnimku, ktor\u00e1 plat\u00ed pri \u0161\u00edren\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov. Zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d je zvy\u010dajne pova\u017eovan\u00fd OFAC za informa\u010dn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje jednosmern\u00e9 poskytovanie zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.\n<li class=\"l\"> Je dovolen\u00e9 prij\u00edma\u0165 zmeny od os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s sankcionovan\u00fdmi spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami, ak s\u00fa tak\u00e9to zmeny vytvoren\u00e9 na iniciat\u00edvu odosielate\u013ea (nevy\u017eaduje sa) a rie\u0161ia spolo\u010dn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky projektu, a nie prospech produktom alebo slu\u017eb\u00e1m sankcionovanej spolo\u010dnosti. Napr\u00edklad prijatie ovl\u00e1da\u010da pre zariadenie vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9 sankcionovanou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou do jadra Linuxu by mohlo by\u0165 vn\u00edman\u00e9 ako poru\u0161enie sankci\u00ed, zatia\u013e \u010do prijatie opravy na odstr\u00e1nenie zranite\u013enosti sankcie neporu\u0161uje.\n<li class=\"l\"> V pr\u00edpade prijatia opr\u00e1v od sankcionovanej spolo\u010dnosti sa odpor\u00fa\u010da jednostrann\u00e1 komunik\u00e1cia, t.j. v\u0161etky \u010fal\u0161ie \u00fapravy prijat\u00e9ho patchu by sa mali vykon\u00e1va\u0165 samostatne, bez zapojenia sankcionovanej spolo\u010dnosti. Zapojenie sankcionovanej spolo\u010dnosti do spracovania, schva\u013eovania alebo diskusie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 interpretovan\u00e9 ako poskytovanie slu\u017eieb, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 sankciami.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nie je odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 podpisova\u0165 dohody o prenose majetkov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v (CLA) s v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rmi spojen\u00fdmi so sankcionovan\u00fdmi spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami, preto\u017ee tak\u00e1to dohoda m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vn\u00edman\u00e1 ako poru\u0161enie z\u00e1kazu doh\u00f4d v oblasti du\u0161evn\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edctva.\n<li class=\"l\"> Je potrebn\u00e9 kontrolova\u0165 nielen priamu v\u00e4zbu v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov na sankcionovan\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti, ale aj ich nepriame prepojenie. Napr\u00edklad, pr\u00e1ca v in\u00fdch spolo\u010dnostiach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa aspo\u0148 z 50 % vlastnen\u00e9 sankcionovan\u00fdmi osobami, alebo vykon\u00e1vanie pr\u00e1c na z\u00e1kazku pre sankcionovan\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti.     <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62663\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Linux Foundation \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. Linux Foundation \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Linux Foundation \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443 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