{"id":121869,"date":"2025-02-12T14:22:12","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T12:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dlya-systemd-razvivaetsya-vozmozhnost-zagruzki-sistemnyh-obrazov-po-http"},"modified":"2025-02-12T14:22:12","modified_gmt":"2025-02-12T12:22:12","slug":"dlya-systemd-razvivaetsya-vozmozhnost-zagruzki-sistemnyh-obrazov-po-http","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/dlya-systemd-razvivaetsya-vozmozhnost-zagruzki-sistemnyh-obrazov-po-http","title":{"rendered":"Pre systemd sa vyv\u00edja mo\u017enos\u0165 na\u010d\u00edtania syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch obrazov cez HTTP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Lennart Poettering navrhol zahrn\u00fa\u0165 do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho mana\u017e\u00e9ra systemd zmenu, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje na\u010d\u00edta\u0165 syst\u00e9m pomocou obrazov\u00e9ho s\u00faboru kore\u0148ov\u00e9ho FS, z\u00edskan\u00e9ho z extern\u00e9ho hostite\u013ea cez protokol HTTP. Zmena spo\u010d\u00edva v roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed systemd o mo\u017enos\u0165 nielen s\u0165ahova\u0165 diskov\u00fd obraz cez HTTP v po\u010diato\u010dnej f\u00e1ze bootovania, ale aj rozbali\u0165 stiahnut\u00fd obraz, pripoji\u0165 ho k blokov\u00e9mu zariadeniu v re\u017eime loopback, pripoji\u0165 blokov\u00e9 zariadenie ako \/sysroot a na\u010d\u00edta\u0165 z neho syst\u00e9m. <\/p>\n

Podpora s\u0165ahovania diskov\u00fdch obrazov po\u010das bootovania syst\u00e9mu pomocou systemd-import-generator je u\u017e zahrnut\u00e1 v systemd 257. Zvy\u0161n\u00e1 funkcionalita je zatia\u013e vo f\u00e1ze pracovn\u00e9ho prototypu, ktor\u00fd potrebuje \u00fapravy. V realiz\u00e1cii zatia\u013e nie je podporovan\u00fd \u00fapln\u00fd cyklus bootovania, ale v bud\u00facnosti pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa vyvin\u00fa\u0165 funkcionalitu a\u017e po na\u010d\u00edtanie cez UEFI HTTP Boot univerz\u00e1lnych obrazov jadra UKI (Unified Kernel Image), ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa v jednom s\u00fabore bootloader pre UEFI (UEFI boot stub), obraz jadra Linux a na\u010d\u00edtavate\u013en\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 prostredie initrd. <\/p>\n

URL pre na\u010d\u00edtanie syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho obrazu sa pl\u00e1nuje vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 na z\u00e1klade URL, stanoven\u00e9ho pre EFI-obraz v nastaveniach UEFI HTTP Boot (napr\u00edklad, pri bootovan\u00ed cez EFI HTTP Boot \u201ehttp:\/\/example.com\/somedir\/myimage.efi\u201c, pr\u00edtomn\u00fd v UKI initrd-spracovate\u013e na\u010d\u00edta obraz rootfs ako \u201ehttp:\/\/example.com\/somedir\/myimage.raw.xz\u201c). V bud\u00facnosti sa okrem HTTP pl\u00e1nuje prida\u0165 aj podpora technol\u00f3gie NVMe-over-TCP, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pr\u00edstup k NVMe-\u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1m cez sie\u0165 (NVM Express over Fabrics), vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fac protokol TCP. <\/p>\n

Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee bootovanie z obrazov, z\u00edskan\u00fdch z extern\u00e9ho hostite\u013ea, zjednodu\u0161\u00ed organiz\u00e1ciu testovania modern\u00fdch nemenn\u00fdch (\u201eimmutable\u201c) opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov na re\u00e1lnom hardv\u00e9ri. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1r m\u00f4\u017ee na svojom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di vytvori\u0165 obraz so syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm prostred\u00edm pomocou n\u00e1stroja mkosi a spr\u00edstupni\u0165 ho cez HTTP pr\u00edkazom \u201emkosi -f serve\u201c. Na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, na ktorom sa m\u00e1 testova\u0165 funk\u010dnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu, sta\u010d\u00ed zapn\u00fa\u0165 v EFI bootovanie cez HTTP a prida\u0165 URL na\u010d\u00edtavan\u00e9ho obrazu pr\u00edkazom: kernel-bootcfg \u2014add-uri=http:\/\/192.168.47.11:8081\/image.efi \u2014title=testloop \u2014boot-order=0 <\/p>\n

Po re\u0161tarte po\u010d\u00edta\u010da sa na\u010d\u00edta \u0161tandardn\u00fd obraz jadra UKI, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1sledne na\u010d\u00edta diskov\u00fd obraz s kore\u0148ov\u00fdm s\u00faborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom pripraven\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rom. Pred vypnut\u00edm na\u010d\u00edtania v EFI cez HTTP, ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie re\u0161tartovanie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da povedie k na\u010d\u00edtaniu nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho obrazu. Pri tomto testovan\u00ed nie s\u00fa ovplyvnen\u00e9 lok\u00e1lne disky.
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 (Lennart Poettering) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 systemd \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 HTTP. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e systemd \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u043e HTTP \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432 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