{"id":122993,"date":"2025-03-25T22:22:41","date_gmt":"2025-03-25T20:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-14"},"modified":"2025-03-25T22:22:41","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T20:22:41","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-14","title":{"rendered":"Uvo\u013enenie jadra Linux 6.14","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvoch mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja Linus Torvalds predstavil uvo\u013enenie jadra Linux 6.14. Medzi najv\u00fdraznej\u0161ie zmeny patr\u00ed: ovl\u00e1da\u010d ntsync s primit\u00edvami synchroniz\u00e1cie Windows NT, nastavenie vyv\u00e1\u017eenia oper\u00e1ci\u00ed \u010d\u00edtania v Btrfs RAID1, podpora reflink v XFS v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase, mo\u017enos\u0165 nekonzumovate\u013en\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1vacieho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu, dmem cgroup na obmedzenie pam\u00e4te GPU, vyu\u017eitie io_uring v FUSE, delegovanie atrib\u00fatov v NFS, podpora atom\u00e1rneho z\u00e1pisu v Device mapper, ur\u00fdchlenie symbolick\u00fdch odkazov, spr\u00e1va mo\u017enosti vykon\u00e1vania skriptov, podpora \u010dipov Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Elite, ovl\u00e1da\u010d pre NPU AMD.    <\/p>\n<p>Nov\u00e1 verzia obsahuje 12115 opr\u00e1v od 1984 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, ve\u013ekos\u0165 z\u00e1platy je 39 MB (zmeny sa dotkli 10170 s\u00faborov, bolo pridan\u00fdch 531586 riadkov k\u00f3du, 235999 riadkov bolo odstr\u00e1nen\u00fdch). V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej verzii bolo 14172 opr\u00e1v od 2086 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, ve\u013ekos\u0165 z\u00e1platy bola 46 MB. Pribli\u017ene 41 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch zmien predstaven\u00fdch vo verzii 6.14 s\u00favis\u00ed s ovl\u00e1da\u010dmi zariaden\u00ed, pribli\u017ene 13 % zmien sa t\u00fdka aktualiz\u00e1cie k\u00f3du \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho pre hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 architekt\u00fary, 14 % je spojen\u00fdch so sie\u0165ov\u00fdm z\u00e1sobn\u00edkom, 7 % so s\u00faborov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami a 4 % s intern\u00fdmi subsyst\u00e9mami jadra.       <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 novinky v jadre 6.14:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, I\/O a s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me Btrfs bola pridan\u00e1 podpora nov\u00fdch met\u00f3d vyrovn\u00e1vania \u010dinnost\u00ed \u010d\u00edtania medzi ulo\u017een\u00edm v RAID1. Okrem predt\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho rozlo\u017eenia z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee na z\u00e1klade identifik\u00e1torov procesov (pid) nov\u00e1 verzia pon\u00faka tri nov\u00e9 re\u017eimy vyrovn\u00e1vania: \u201erotation\u201c (rovnomern\u00e9 rozlo\u017eenie z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee na v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1ch, re\u017eim je predvolene zapnut\u00fd); \u201elatency\u201c (rozdelenie s oh\u013eadom na oneskorenia, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 v pr\u00edpade por\u00fach alebo nestabilnej \u010dinnosti \u00falo\u017eiska); devid (manu\u00e1lne riadenie). Pre zmenu re\u017eimu vyrovn\u00e1vania bol pridan\u00fd rozhranie \u201e\/sys\/fs\/btrfs\/\/read_policy\u201c. Medzi \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi zmenami v Btrfs je implement\u00e1cia ioctl FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd re\u017eim necacheovate\u013en\u00e9ho vyrovn\u00e1vacieho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu, pri ktorom sa \u00fadaje odstra\u0148uj\u00fa zo str\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho cache hne\u010f po dokon\u010den\u00ed oper\u00e1ci\u00ed ich \u010d\u00edtania alebo z\u00e1pisu. T\u00e1to zmena m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 pri pou\u017eit\u00ed ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlych \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, kde je cacheovanie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed v pam\u00e4ti nadbyto\u010dn\u00e9. Pre tak\u00e9to zariadenia nov\u00fd re\u017eim umo\u017e\u0148uje eliminova\u0165 nadmern\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie pam\u00e4te str\u00e1nkov\u00fdm cache bez nutnosti pou\u017eitia zlo\u017eit\u00fdch API pre priamy vstup\/v\u00fdstup (Direct I\/O).\n<li class=\"l\"> V fsnotify, mechanizme sledovania zmien v FS, bola pridan\u00e1 nov\u00e1 udalos\u0165 FS_PRE_ACCESS, generovan\u00e1 v \u0161t\u00e1diu pred pr\u00edstupom k obsahu s\u00faboru. Udalos\u0165 je spracov\u00e1van\u00e1 v synchronnom re\u017eime, t.j. jadro odo\u0161le udalos\u0165 a \u010dak\u00e1 na prijatie odpovede. Ak je odpove\u010f prijat\u00e1, oper\u00e1cia sa vykon\u00e1; ak d\u00f4jde k chybe, syst\u00e9mov\u00fd volanie vr\u00e1ti do u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru k\u00f3d chyby. Pomocou FS_PRE_ACCESS m\u00f4\u017ee proces v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore napr\u00edklad usporiada\u0165 vyplnenie s\u00faboru pod\u013ea toho, ako s\u00fa d\u00e1ta pripraven\u00e9 v pomalom \u00falo\u017eisku.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu FUSE, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ranie implement\u00e1ci\u00ed s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov v priestore pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea, bola pridan\u00e1 podpora v\u00fdmeny \u00fadajov medzi jadrom a spracovate\u013eom v priestore pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea pomocou mechanizmu vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu io_uring. Zmena umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon FUSE redukciou prep\u00ednan\u00ed kontextu medzi jadrom a priestorom pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu XFS bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 mapovanie (rmap, reverse-mapping) v re\u017eime s predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00fdmi oneskoreniami (&#171;realtime device&#187;). Sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 mapovanie umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010di\u0165, ktor\u00fd s\u00fabor vyu\u017e\u00edva dan\u00fd blok na \u00falo\u017enom zariaden\u00ed. S pomocou rmap sa v XFS pre realtime-re\u017eim implementovala podpora oper\u00e1cie reflink, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 k\u00f3pie s\u00faborov klonovan\u00edm metad\u00e1t s\u00faboru a vytvoren\u00edm odkazu na u\u017e existuj\u00face d\u00e1ta bez ich skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho kop\u00edrovania.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo VFS bolo implementovan\u00e9 cacheovanie ve\u013ekosti symbolick\u00fdch odkazov, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017enilo zr\u00fdchli\u0165 vykon\u00e1vanie oper\u00e1cie readlink o 1,5 % (v teste s \/initrd.img v ext4). Cacheovanie je zapnut\u00e9 vo FS ext4 a tmpfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do realiz\u00e1cie NFSv4.2 bola pridan\u00e1 podpora delegovania atrib\u00fatov s\u00faborov, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje spravova\u0165 tak\u00e9 atrib\u00faty s\u00faborov, ako je \u010das zmeny (mtime), na strane NFS-klienta, bez potreby prenosu zmien na server. V NFS bola tie\u017e vylep\u0161en\u00e1 podpora protokolu &#171;LOCALIO&#187;, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010di\u0165, \u010di sa klient a server NFS nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na tom istom hostite\u013eovi, aby sa realizovali pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 optimaliz\u00e1cie, ako je pou\u017eitie priam\u00e9ho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu (Direct I\/O).\n<li class=\"l\"> Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdkon \u010d\u00edtania oper\u00e1ci\u00ed vo s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch NETFS, CIFS a AFS (Andrew File System).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do Squashfs bol zahrnut\u00fd re\u017eim priameho nahr\u00e1vania blokov do str\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho cache (SQUASHFS_FILE_DIRECT), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ob\u00eds\u0165 potrebu samostatnej cache read_page. Zmena v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017eila ve\u013ekos\u0165 pam\u00e4te spotrebovanej pri prev\u00e1dzke Squashfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo syst\u00e9movom volan\u00ed statx() bol implementovan\u00fd flag STATX_DIO_READ_ALIGN na ur\u010denie po\u017eadovanej zarovn\u00e1vania pre oper\u00e1cie \u010d\u00edtania zo s\u00faboru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me Bcachefs bol aktualizovan\u00fd a stabilizovan\u00fd form\u00e1t diskov\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far. Ak\u00e9ko\u013evek \u010fal\u0161ie zmeny form\u00e1tu bud\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za volite\u013en\u00e9 a bud\u00fa realizovan\u00e9 vo forme volite\u013en\u00fdch doplnkov. V\u00fdrazne bola zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 kontroly integrity FS. Okrem toho bola v Bcachefs vylep\u0161en\u00e1 funk\u010dnos\u0165 v re\u017eime len na \u010d\u00edtanie; odstr\u00e1nili sa probl\u00e9my ved\u00face k pr\u00edstupu do pam\u00e4te po jej uvo\u013enen\u00ed (use after free); boli vyrie\u0161en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s reflink-ukazovate\u013emi vo fsck; opraven\u00e1 sa spr\u00e1va re\u0161tartovania transakcie.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol vr\u00e1ten\u00fd modul md-linear ur\u010den\u00fd na zl\u00fa\u010denie blokov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Tento modul bol predt\u00fdm vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za zastaran\u00fd a odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd z jadra 6.8, ale uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee bol potrebn\u00fd, a preto bol teraz obnoven\u00fd.\n<li class=\"l\"> S\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my F2FS a SQUASHFS boli preveden\u00e9 na pou\u017e\u00edvanie zv\u00e4zkov str\u00e1nok pam\u00e4te (page folios).\n<li class=\"l\"> S\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my OCFS2 a DLMFS boli preveden\u00e9 na pou\u017e\u00edvanie nov\u00e9ho API pre montovanie diskov\u00fdch oddielov.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di null_blk bol implementovan\u00fd atrib\u00fat &#171;rotational&#187;, ktor\u00fd sa nastavuje cez configfs a umo\u017e\u0148uje simulova\u0165 pr\u00e1cu so zariaden\u00edm na b\u00e1ze rota\u010dn\u00fdch diskov na zjednodu\u0161enie testovania funkci\u00ed jadra.\n<li class=\"l\"> V syst\u00e9me Device mapper a v moduloch dm-mirror, dm-io, dm-table, dm-linear, dm-stripe a dm-raid1 bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora atom\u00e1rneho z\u00e1pisu.                             <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u00e4\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Skon\u010dila integr\u00e1cia do jadra ovl\u00e1da\u010da ntsync, realizuj\u00faceho symbolick\u00e9 zariadenie \/dev\/ntsync a sadu primit\u00edv pre synchroniz\u00e1ciu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v jadre Windows NT. Implement\u00e1cia tak\u00fdchto primit\u00edv na \u00farovni jadra umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdznamne zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon hier Windows sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00fdch prostredn\u00edctvom Wine. Zlep\u0161enie v\u00fdkonu sa dosahuje v\u010faka zbaveniu sa re\u017eijn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov spojen\u00fdch s pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm RPC v priestore pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Vytvorenie samostatn\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1da\u010da pre jadro Linux je vysvetlen\u00e9 probl\u00e9movos\u0165ou spr\u00e1vneho implementovania API synchroniz\u00e1cie NT nad existuj\u00facimi primit\u00edvmi v jadre.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d cgroup DMEM na samostatn\u00e9 sledovanie oblast\u00ed pam\u00e4te zariaden\u00ed, ako s\u00fa GPU. DMEM umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 samostatn\u00e9 cgroup pre r\u00f4zne \u00falohy pracuj\u00face s GPU, aby mohli prebieha\u0165 bez vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho ovplyv\u0148ovania. Nov\u00e1 funkcia rie\u0161i probl\u00e9m s n\u00faten\u00fdm ukon\u010den\u00edm oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s GPU pri vy\u010derpan\u00ed dostupnej pam\u00e4te, v\u010faka sledovaniu reflektovanej pam\u00e4te GPU a pam\u00e4te pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010dmi CPU v samostatn\u00fdch cgroup.\n<li class=\"l\"> Boli vykonan\u00e9 optimaliz\u00e1cie pre \u0161k\u00e1lovanie oper\u00e1cie vypr\u00e1zdnenia (flush) cache TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho na zr\u00fdchlenie konverzie virtu\u00e1lnych adries na fyzick\u00e9 adresy. Pridan\u00e9 optimaliz\u00e1cie spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00fa vo oneskorenom aktualizovan\u00ed niektor\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far \u00fadajov po\u010das prep\u00ednania kontextov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon pri prechode niektor\u00fdmi testami.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdkon mechanizmu MGLRU (Multi-Generational LRU), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho na ur\u010denie, ktor\u00e9 str\u00e1nky pam\u00e4te s\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 a ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 presun\u00fa\u0165 do oddielu v\u00fdmeny.\n<li class=\"l\">  Pokra\u010duje pren\u00e1\u0161anie zmien z vetvy Rust-for-Linux, t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa pou\u017e\u00edvania jazyka Rust ako druh\u00e9ho jazyka na v\u00fdvoj ovl\u00e1da\u010dov a modulov jadra (podpora Rust nie je predvolene akt\u00edvna a nesp\u00f4sobuje zaradenie Rust medzi povinn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti pri zostavovan\u00ed jadra). Poskytuje sa mo\u017enos\u0165 vyu\u017eitia makra &#171;derive(CoercePointee)&#187; v k\u00f3de jadra, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 inteligentn\u00e9 ukazovatele s trait-objektmi. Do jadra boli zahrnut\u00e9 obaly Rust pre PCI, platformy, Open Firmware, symbolick\u00e9 zariadenia a niektor\u00e9 funkcie vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu. Greg Kroa-Hartman, zodpovedn\u00fd za podporu stabilnej vetvy jadra Linux, op\u00edsal aktu\u00e1lny stav ako &#171;takmer pripraven\u00fd na p\u00edsanie skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1da\u010da v Rust&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> V zostavovac\u00edch scen\u00e1roch bol navrhnut\u00fd nov\u00fd k\u00f3d na generovanie verzi\u00ed ladac\u00edch symbolov pre na\u010d\u00edtate\u013en\u00e9 moduly, ktor\u00fd teraz pou\u017e\u00edva inform\u00e1cie z ladac\u00edch z\u00e1znamov vo form\u00e1te DWARF, namiesto priameho parsovania zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Zmena umo\u017e\u0148uje aplikova\u0165 verziovanie ladac\u00edch symbolov pre moduly nap\u00edsan\u00e9 v jazyku Rust. Star\u0161ia implement\u00e1cia je v jadre st\u00e1le ponechan\u00e1 a v\u00fdber gener\u00e1tora sa vykon\u00e1va na \u00farovni zostavovac\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00faru PowerPC bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora re\u017eimu leniv\u00e9ho vytl\u00e1\u010dania \u00faloh (PREEMPT_LAZY, lazy preemption), ktor\u00fd zodpoved\u00e1 re\u017eimu \u00fapln\u00e9ho vytl\u00e1\u010dania (&#171;full preemption&#187;) pre realtime-\u00falohy (RR\/FIFO\/DEADLINE), ale oneskoruje vytl\u00e1\u010danie be\u017en\u00fdch \u00faloh (SCHED_NORMAL) a\u017e do hranice tikovania.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu profilovania v\u00fdkonnosti \u201eperf\u201c bola pridan\u00e1 podpora po\u010d\u00edtadiel spotreby energie procesorov AMD. Bol pridan\u00fd mo\u017enos\u0165 prev\u00e1dzky na syst\u00e9moch s a\u017e 2048 CPU jadrami.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola poskytnut\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvania parametra sysctl pid_max s priestormi mien identifik\u00e1torov procesov (ID namespace). Parameter pid_max je ur\u010den\u00fd na obmedzenie maxim\u00e1lnej hodnoty identifik\u00e1torov procesov (PID) a teraz sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na obmedzenie maxim\u00e1lneho mo\u017en\u00e9ho po\u010dtu procesov spusten\u00fdch v ur\u010denom priestore mien. Spracovanie parametra sa vykon\u00e1va hierarchicky, t.j. obmedzenia v vonkaj\u0161\u00edch priestoroch mien sa roz\u0161iruj\u00fa na vnoren\u00e9 priestory mien.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pri sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00ed procesu syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania execveat sa v s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me \/proc teraz zobraz\u00ed n\u00e1zov spusten\u00e9ho s\u00faboru, nie \u010d\u00edslo s\u00faborov\u00e9ho deskrip\u00e1tora.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du jadra (v adres\u00e1ri samples\/vfs) bola pridan\u00e1 utilita mountinfo, demon\u0161truj\u00faca pou\u017eitie syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed statmount() a listmount().\n<li class=\"l\"> V subsyst\u00e9me BPF boli navrhnut\u00e9 nov\u00e9 funkcie bpf_local_irq_save() a bpf_local_irq_restore() na do\u010dasn\u00e9 vypnutie preru\u0161enia na lok\u00e1lnom CPU. Tieto funkcie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 na implement\u00e1ciu \u0161trukt\u00far, ktor\u00fdch spracovanie nie je preru\u0161en\u00e9.\n<li class=\"l\"> V syst\u00e9movom volan\u00ed madvise() pri pou\u017eit\u00ed vlajok MADV_DONTNEED a MADV_FREE bolo zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 uvo\u013enenie tabuliek str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te spojen\u00fdch s uvo\u013enen\u00fdm rozsahom adries, ke\u010f\u017ee v niektor\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017eu pr\u00e1zdne str\u00e1nky pam\u00e4te zabera\u0165 pomerne ve\u013ea miesta.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00faru OpenRISC bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora mechanizmu re\u0161tartovate\u013en\u00fdch sekvenci\u00ed (rseq, restartable sequences), ur\u010den\u00e9ho na r\u00fdchle at\u00f3mov\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vanie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa v pr\u00edpade preru\u0161enia in\u00fdm vl\u00e1knom vyma\u017e\u00fa a pokusy o vykonanie sa opakuj\u00fa.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol vykonan\u00fd reorganiz\u00e1cia k\u00f3du s implement\u00e1ciou algoritmov CRC32 a CRC-T10DIF, ktor\u00fd sa u\u017e viac neprekryje s subsyst\u00e9mom crypto a je vyvol\u00e1van\u00fd priamo z kni\u017eni\u010dn\u00e9ho rozhrania. T\u00e1to zmena umo\u017enila zjednodu\u0161i\u0165 k\u00f3d a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 jeho efektivitu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu asynchr\u00f3nneho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu io_uring bol pridan\u00fd rozhranie na prenos \u010fal\u0161\u00edch metad\u00e1t o integrite pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed oper\u00e1ci\u00ed \u010d\u00edtania a z\u00e1pisu.            <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u00e1cia a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania execveat bol pridan\u00fd flag AT_EXECVE_CHECK, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje skontrolova\u0165 opr\u00e1vnenos\u0165 vykonania s\u00faboru bez jeho skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho spustenia, ale s oh\u013eadom na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 politiky, pr\u00e1va pr\u00edstupu a akt\u00edvne moduly LSM. Na pou\u017eitie v kombin\u00e1cii s AT_EXECVE_CHECK boli navrhnut\u00e9 securebit flagy SECBIT_EXEC_RESTRICT_FILE a SECBIT_EXEC_DENY_INTERACTIVE, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 na obmedzenie sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania s\u00faborov so skriptami v interpretovan\u00fdch programovac\u00edch jazykoch. Flag SECBIT_EXEC_RESTRICT_FILE predpisuje linkerom a interpretorom pou\u017ei\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 AT_EXECVE_CHECK na overenie opr\u00e1vnenosti vykonania, zatia\u013e \u010do flag SECBIT_EXEC_DENY_INTERACTIVE zakazuje spracov\u00e1va\u0165 interakt\u00edvne pr\u00edkazy. Hlavnou my\u0161lienkou zmeny je mo\u017enos\u0165 aplik\u00e1cie bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch polit\u00edk nielen na tradi\u010dn\u00e9 vykonate\u013en\u00e9 s\u00fabory, ale aj na textov\u00e9 s\u00fabory so skriptami, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom spustenia interpretera (t.j. z\u00e1kaz vykon\u00e1vania m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 realizovan\u00fd nielen pri spusten\u00ed \u2018.\/script.sh\u2019, ale aj pri vykonan\u00ed vo forme \u2018sh script.sh\u2019).\n<li class=\"l\"> Na syst\u00e9moch x86 bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch \u010dasova\u010dov pre hostite\u013esk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e1 neumo\u017e\u0148uje zmeni\u0165 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 hodiny hostite\u013esk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu z prostredia hostite\u013ea. Mo\u017enos\u0165 bola realizovan\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade mechanizmu AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v virtualiza\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch na ochranu <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2196\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a> pred z\u00e1sahom hyperv\u00edzora alebo spr\u00e1vcu hostite\u013esk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu mand\u00e1tnej kontroly pr\u00edstupu SELinux bola pridan\u00e1 podpora xperm-pravidiel, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa viaza\u0165 politiky SELinux na konkr\u00e9tne volania ioctl() alebo spr\u00e1vy netlink.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na zabezpe\u010denie modulov jadra digit\u00e1lnym podpisom je predvolen\u00fdm algoritmom SHA512 namiesto SHA1.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010doch pre hostite\u013esk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my VirtualBox bola pridan\u00e1 podpora architekt\u00fary ARM64.\n<li class=\"l\"> V hypervizoru <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4439\">KVM<\/a> pokra\u010dovala pr\u00e1ca na implement\u00e1cii mechanizmu Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions) na \u0161ifrovanie pam\u00e4te hostite\u013esk\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do virtio_blk bola pridan\u00e1 podpora re\u017eimu obnovy ch\u00fdb.                <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sie\u0165ov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V implement\u00e1cii protokolu RxRPC bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017ei\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 pakety UDP na zv\u00fd\u0161enie priepustnosti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre TCP bola pridan\u00e1 podpora algoritmu RACK-TLP na ur\u010dovanie straty paketov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd parameter sysctl tcp_tw_reuse_delay, platn\u00fd v s\u00favislosti s priestorom n\u00e1zvov (network namespace), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje definova\u0165 oneskorenie pred t\u00fdm, ne\u017e syst\u00e9m m\u00f4\u017ee op\u00e4\u0165 pou\u017ei\u0165 \u010d\u00edslo sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho portu po uzavret\u00ed TCP soketu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 v\u00fdberu poskytovate\u013ea presn\u00e9ho \u010dasu (PTP) na vytv\u00e1ranie \u010dasov\u00fdch zna\u010diek na \u00farovniach PHY a MAC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre IPsec bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora mechanizmu agreg\u00e1cie a fragment\u00e1cie enkapsulovan\u00fdch IP paketov \u2014 IP-TFS\/AGGFRAG (IP Traffic Flow Security\/Aggregation and Fragmentation Mode for Encapsulating Security Payload).\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu sie\u0165ov\u00fdch soketov bola pridan\u00e1 podpora prenosu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o priorit\u00e1ch (SO_PRIORITY) vo forme kontroln\u00fdch spr\u00e1v (cmsg \u2014 control messages). Pre sie\u0165ov\u00e9 sokety bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 SO_RCVPRIORITY, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje v funkcii recvmsg() prenos inform\u00e1cie o priorite soketu.                                <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Zariadenie<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d amdxdna pre integrovan\u00e9 NPU (Neural Processing Unit) akceler\u00e1tory CPU AMD zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architekt\u00fare XDNA, ur\u010den\u00e9 na zr\u00fdchlenie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s\u00favisiacich s strojov\u00fdm u\u010den\u00edm. NPU na z\u00e1klade architekt\u00fary XDNA sa dod\u00e1va v s\u00e9ri\u00e1ch 7040 a 8040 procesorov AMD Ryzen, akceler\u00e1toroch AMD Alveo V70 a SoC AMD Versal.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da i915 boli pridan\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory nov\u00fdch GPU, implementovan\u00fd bol spracovate\u013e ch\u00fdb pri inicializ\u00e1cii HDMI a zv\u00fd\u0161ila sa spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho spustenia GPU motorov na syst\u00e9moch Haswell a star\u0161\u00edch.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010dovalo sa v pr\u00e1ci na drm-ovl\u00e1da\u010di (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe pre GPU na b\u00e1ze architekt\u00fary Intel Xe, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva vo grafik\u00e1ch Intel s\u00e9rie Arc a integrovan\u00fdch grafik\u00e1ch od procesorov Tiger Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di Nouveau bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 prenosu s\u00faborov s logmi GSP-RM cez debugfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di AMDGPU bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora mechanizmu DRM panic, ktor\u00fd zobrazuje podobu \u201emodrej obrazovky smrti\u201c pri chyb\u00e1ch. Pokra\u010duje sa v pr\u00edprave na podporu bud\u00facej s\u00e9rie grafick\u00fdch kariet Radeon RX 9000 zalo\u017eenej na architekt\u00fare RDNA4. Bola aktualizovan\u00e1 podpora DCN 3.5, GG 9.5, IH 4.4, PSP 13.x, SMU 13.x, VCN 5.x, JPEG 5.x, GC 12.x, DC FAMS, RAS a ISP.\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM-ovl\u00e1da\u010di msm (GPU Qualcomm Adreno) bola pridan\u00e1 podpora platformy Qualcomm SM6150 (QCS615).\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM-ovl\u00e1da\u010di panfrost bola pridan\u00e1 podpora SoC MediaTek MT8188 s GPU Mali-G57.\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM-ovl\u00e1da\u010di vc4 bola pridan\u00e1 podpora SoC Broadcom BCM2712 (Raspberry Pi 5).\n<li class=\"l\"> V vfio-ovl\u00e1da\u010di nvgrace-gpu bola pridan\u00e1 podpora \u010dipov NVIDIA Grace Blackwell 200.\n<li class=\"l\"> S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou je ovl\u00e1da\u010d pre ovl\u00e1da\u010de Intel THC (Touch Host Controller), ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na interakciu s dotykov\u00fdmi obrazovkami a touchpadmi na niektor\u00fdch prenosn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch. Pridan\u00e1 podpora zariaden\u00ed Wacom s PCI rozhran\u00edm. Pridan\u00e1 podpora hern\u00fdch ovl\u00e1da\u010dov od spolo\u010dnosti QH Electronics.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora platforiem ARM, SoC a zariaden\u00ed: Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Elite (SM8750), Qualcomm Snapdragon AR2 (SAR2130P), Qualcomm IQ6\/IQ8, Snapdragon 425 (MSM8917), Samsung Exynos 9810, Blaize BLZP1600, Microchip SAMA7D65, Renesas R-Car V4H ES3.0, Renesas RZ\/G3E. Pridan\u00e1 podpora SoC SpacemiT K1 zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na architekt\u00fare RISC-V.\n<li class=\"l\"> V zvukovej subsyst\u00e9me ALSA pre MIDI 2.0 boli roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 API rawmidi a sequencer. V API pre delegovanie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed kompresie na zvukov\u00fa kartu bola pridan\u00e1 podpora ASRC (Asynchronous Sample Rate Conversion).\n<li class=\"l\">  Pridan\u00e1 podpora zvukov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov zariaden\u00ed Allwinner suinv F1C100s, Awinc AW88083, Realtek ALC5682I-VE, TAS2781, Focusrite Scarlett 4th Gen 16i16, 18i16 a 18i20. Pridan\u00e1 podpora bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch sl\u00fachadiel SteelSeries Arctis 9.      <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62937\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.14. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 ntsync c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Windows NT, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Btrfs RAID1, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 reflink \u0432 XFS \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 realtime, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, dmem cgroup \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 GPU, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 io_uring \u0432 FUSE, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 NFS, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 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