{"id":123511,"date":"2025-04-15T21:05:13","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T19:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kompaniya-oracle-opublikovala-yadro-unbreakable-enterprise-kernel-8"},"modified":"2026-02-08T18:56:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T16:56:02","slug":"kompaniya-oracle-opublikovala-yadro-unbreakable-enterprise-kernel-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/kompaniya-oracle-opublikovala-yadro-unbreakable-enterprise-kernel-8","title":{"rendered":"Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Oracle zverejnila jadro Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Oracle predstavila prv\u00e9 stabiln\u00e9 vydanie Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8 (UEK R8), variantu jadra Linux vyv\u00edjan\u00e9ho pre pou\u017eitie v distrib\u00facii Oracle Linux ako alternat\u00edvu k \u0161tandardn\u00e9mu bal\u00edku s jadrom z Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Jadro je dostupn\u00e9 len pre architekt\u00fary x86_64 a ARM64 (aarch64). Zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d jadra, vr\u00e1tane rozdelenia na jednotliv\u00e9 opravy, bol publikovan\u00fd v verejnom Git repozit\u00e1ri Oracle.        <\/p>\n<p>Bal\u00edk Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8 je zalo\u017een\u00fd na jadre Linux 6.12 (vydanie UEK R7 bolo zalo\u017een\u00e9 na jadre 5.4, a v beta verzii RHEL 10 bolo navrhnut\u00e9 jadro 6.11), ktor\u00e9 je doplnen\u00e9 o nov\u00e9 funkcie, optimaliz\u00e1cie a opravy, a tie\u017e bola overen\u00e1 kompatibilita s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed pracuj\u00facich v RHEL, optimalizovan\u00e9 pre pr\u00e1cu s priemyseln\u00fdm softv\u00e9rom a hardv\u00e9rom Oracle. In\u0161tala\u010dn\u00e9 a src bal\u00edky s jadrom UEK R8 s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 pre Oracle Linux 9.5 (neexistuj\u00fa \u017eiadne prek\u00e1\u017eky na pou\u017e\u00edvanie tohto jadra v podobn\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch RHEL, CentOS, Alma Linux a Rocky Linux).       <\/p>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 novinky Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bolo zmenen\u00e9 rozdelenie komponentov jadra UEK na jednotliv\u00e9 bal\u00edky. Moduly jadra s\u00fa oddelen\u00e9 od z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho obrazu jadra a s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 v kolekci\u00e1ch dod\u00e1van\u00fdch v samostatn\u00fdch bal\u00edkoch: kernel-uek-modules-core (z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 minimum), kernel-uek-modules (pre <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/\"   title=\"serverov\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1678\">serverov<\/a>), kernel-uek-modules-desktop, kernel-uek-modules-extra-netfilter, kernel-uek-modules-usb a kernel-uek-modules-wireless. Sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00face utilitky boli presunut\u00e9 z z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho bal\u00edka kernel-uek-core do samostatn\u00e9ho bal\u00edka kernel-uek-tools. Konfigura\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00fabory so zoznamom zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch modulov na na\u010d\u00edtanie boli premenovan\u00e9 z 'blacklist' na 'denylist' v r\u00e1mci iniciat\u00edvy za pou\u017e\u00edvanie inkluz\u00edvnej terminol\u00f3gie.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre syst\u00e9my ARM Ampere, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v Oracle Cloud, bola vytvoren\u00e1 samostatn\u00e1 zostava jadra kernel-uek64k, z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 str\u00e1nok pam\u00e4te v ktorej bola zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 z 4 na 64 KB.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora poskytovan\u00e1 v Intel SGX2 (Software Guard Extensions) hardv\u00e9rovej realiz\u00e1cie mechanizmu EDMM (Enclave Dynamic Memory Management), ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje spravova\u0165 pr\u00edstup k jednotliv\u00fdm str\u00e1nkam pam\u00e4te enkl\u00e1vy a dynamicky prid\u00e1va\u0165\/odstra\u0148ova\u0165 str\u00e1nky pam\u00e4te pre enkl\u00e1vu.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di Intel QAT s podporou zariaden\u00ed Intel Quick Assist Technology (QAT) bola pridan\u00e1 podpora 4. gener\u00e1cie procesorov Intel Xeon.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd syst\u00e9m detekcie rozdelen\u00fdch z\u00e1mkov ('split-lock'), ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa pri pr\u00edstupe k nepriznan\u00fdm \u00fadajom v pam\u00e4ti, preto\u017ee po\u010das vykon\u00e1vania at\u00f3movej in\u0161trukcie \u00fadaje prekr\u00fdvaj\u00fa dve cache l\u00ednie CPU. Podobn\u00e9 z\u00e1mky ved\u00fa k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu poklesu v\u00fdkonu (o 1000 cyklov pomal\u0161ie ako at\u00f3mov\u00e1 oper\u00e1cia s \u00fadajmi, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v jednej cache l\u00ednii).\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol implementovan\u00fd nov\u00fd sp\u00f4sob ochrany pred zranite\u013enos\u0165ou Retbleed v CPU Intel a AMD, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faci sledovanie h\u013abky volan\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 nespoma\u013euje v\u00fdkon tak, ako predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca ochrana proti Retbleed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na syst\u00e9moch x86 bola zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 aktiv\u00e1cia sekund\u00e1rnych jadier CPU, \u010do umo\u017enilo skr\u00e1ti\u0165 \u010das zav\u00e1dzania jadra na syst\u00e9moch s ve\u013ek\u00fdm po\u010dtom jadier.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd parameter pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku jadra 'ia32_emulation', ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje po\u010das na\u010d\u00edtania zapn\u00fa\u0165 a vypn\u00fa\u0165 podporu emul\u00e1cie 32-bitov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu v jadr\u00e1ch skompilovan\u00fdch pre architekt\u00faru x86-64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Predvolene namiesto CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) bol pou\u017eit\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d \u00faloh EEVDF (Earliest Eligible Virtual Deadline First). Pri v\u00fdbere nasleduj\u00faceho procesu na vykon\u00e1vanie nov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d zoh\u013ead\u0148uje procesy, ktor\u00e9 dostali menej procesorov\u00fdch zdrojov, alebo dostali nezasl\u00fa\u017eene ve\u013ea procesorov\u00e9ho \u010dasu. V prvom pr\u00edpade sa vyn\u00fati prevod kontroly na proces, zatia\u013e \u010do v druhom pr\u00edpade sa naopak odlo\u017e\u00ed. Star\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d CFS pou\u017e\u00edval na ur\u010denie procesov vy\u017eaduj\u00facich osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 heuristiku a jemn\u00e9 nastavenia, zatia\u013e \u010do nov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d ich sleduje jasnej\u0161ie a nevy\u017eaduje jemn\u00e9 ladenie. EEVDF zn\u00ed\u017ei oneskorenia pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed \u00faloh, s ktor\u00fdmi mal CFS probl\u00e9my s pl\u00e1novan\u00edm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010dovala dod\u00e1vka syst\u00e9mu dynamickej ladenia DTrace 2.0, ktor\u00fd pre\u0161iel na pou\u017e\u00edvanie subsyst\u00e9mu jadra eBPF. DTrace 2.0 funguje nad eBPF, rovnako ako existuj\u00face n\u00e1stroje sledovania v Linuxe.\n<li class=\"l\"> V hyperv\u00edzore KVM je povolen\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie a\u017e 4096 virtu\u00e1lnych CPU (VCPU).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010dovalo vyu\u017e\u00edvanie KTLS, implement\u00e1cie protokolu TLS na \u00farovni jadra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implement\u00e1cia gener\u00e1tora pseudon\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel RDRAND, ktor\u00fd zodpoved\u00e1 za pr\u00e1cu zariadenia \/dev\/random, bola aktualizovan\u00e1 na pou\u017eitie hash funkcie BLAKE2s namiesto SHA1 pre oper\u00e1cie zmie\u0161avania entropie. T\u00e1to zmena umo\u017enila zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 gener\u00e1tora pseudon\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel. Na ur\u00fdchlenie z\u00edskavania n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel prostredn\u00edctvom syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania getrandom() bol nasaden\u00fd mechanizmus vDSO (virtu\u00e1lny dynamicky zdie\u013ean\u00fd objekt), ktor\u00fd pren\u00e1\u0161a spracovanie syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania z jadra do pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru, aby sa predi\u0161lo prep\u00ednaniu kontextu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora roz\u0161\u00edrenia BIG TCP, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 maxim\u00e1lnu ve\u013ekos\u0165 TCP paketu na 4 GB na optimaliz\u00e1ciu pr\u00e1ce vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fdch intern\u00fdch siet\u00ed d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centier. Tak\u00e9to zv\u00fd\u0161enie ve\u013ekosti paketu pri 16-bitovej ve\u013ekosti po\u013ea v hlavi\u010dke sa dosahuje prostredn\u00edctvom implement\u00e1cie 'jumbo' paketov, pri\u010dom ve\u013ekos\u0165 v IP hlavi\u010dke je nastaven\u00e1 na 0 a skuto\u010dn\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 je pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e1 v samostatnom 32-bitovom poli v samostatnej prilo\u017eenej hlavi\u010dke.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre sie\u0165ov\u00e9 sokety bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 SO_RESERVE_MEM, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje rezervova\u0165 pre soket ur\u010dit\u00fd objem pam\u00e4te, ktor\u00fd zostane v\u017edy dostupn\u00fd pre soket a nebude odobran\u00fd. Pou\u017eitie tejto mo\u017enosti umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm oper\u00e1ci\u00ed alok\u00e1cie a uvo\u013enenia pam\u00e4te v sie\u0165ovom stacku, najm\u00e4 za podmienok nedostatku pam\u00e4te v syst\u00e9me.\n<li class=\"l\"> Optimaliz\u00e1cia v\u00fdkonu pl\u00e1nova\u010da paketov fq (Fair Queuing) umo\u017enila zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 priepustnos\u0165 o 5 % pri vysok\u00fdch za\u0165a\u017eeniach v teste tcp_rr (TCP Request\/Response) a o 13 % pri neobmedzenom toku UDP paketov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Preorganiz\u00e1cia sie\u0165ov\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far jadra bola vykonan\u00e1 na zlep\u0161enie efektivity ke\u0161ovania \u00fadajov procesorom, \u010do umo\u017enilo zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon TCP stacku na syst\u00e9moch obsluhuj\u00facich ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo paraleln\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora kni\u017enice ASMLib 3 pre automatick\u00e9 riadenie \u00falo\u017eiska v datab\u00e1zovom syst\u00e9me Oracle.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola vykonan\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca na optimaliz\u00e1cii v\u00fdkonu a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti mechanizmu asynchr\u00f3nneho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu io_uring. Pridali sa optimaliz\u00e1cie zalo\u017een\u00e9 na io_uring pre FS XFS a Ext4, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa paraleln\u00e9 priame zapisovanie do s\u00faboru v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch vl\u00e1knach.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vylep\u0161en\u00e1 podpora s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Btrfs. Pre zariadenia s podporou trim\/discard je predvolene zapnut\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 montovania 'discard=async', ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 tieto oper\u00e1cie s\u00fa\u010dasne pre v\u0161etky FS asynchr\u00f3nne. Pridan\u00e1 podpora odosielania a prij\u00edmania komprimovan\u00fdch \u00fadajov bez konverzi\u00ed. Pridan\u00e1 podpora z\u00e1pisu blokmi v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi ako 64 KB. Zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 sledovanie kv\u00f3t. Implementovan\u00e1 podpora montovania sklonovan\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Vylep\u0161en\u00e9 kontroly z\u00e1pisu v re\u017eime NOCOW (priepustnos\u0165 sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila o 9%). Pridan\u00e9 mo\u017enosti montovania 'ignoremetacsums' a 'ignoresuperflags' na ignorovanie nespr\u00e1vnych kontroln\u00fdch s\u00fam metad\u00e1t a vlajok superbloku. Zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vanie \u00faloh na odstra\u0148ovanie zariaden\u00ed, vyrovn\u00e1vanie a redistrib\u00faciu blokov v paralelnom re\u017eime.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo FS XFS je povolen\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ve\u013ekos\u0165 bloku, ktor\u00e1 presahuje ve\u013ekos\u0165 str\u00e1nky pam\u00e4te. Pridan\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtadl\u00e1 extenzi\u00f3v pre ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00e9 virtu\u00e1lne disky. Pridan\u00fd re\u017eim atom\u00e1rneho potvrdenia (commit) obsahu s\u00faborov. Navrhnut\u00e1 experiment\u00e1lna implement\u00e1cia kontroly (fsck) a obnovy FS v online re\u017eime.\n<li class=\"l\"> V NFS je predvolene aktivovan\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie oper\u00e1cie READ_PLUS, definovanej v \u0161pecifik\u00e1cii NFS 4.2 a pou\u017e\u00edva sa na efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie \u010d\u00edtanie \u00fadajov zo s\u00faborov, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa pr\u00e1zdne miesta.\n<li class=\"l\"> Syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy pam\u00e4te bol preveden\u00fd na pou\u017e\u00edvanie \u0161trukt\u00fary \u00fadajov folios (folio str\u00e1nky pam\u00e4te). Folios s\u00fa podobn\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010den\u00fdm str\u00e1nkam pam\u00e4te (compound pages), ale l\u00ed\u0161ia sa vylep\u0161enou s\u00e9mantikou a preh\u013eadnej\u0161ou organiz\u00e1ciou pr\u00e1ce.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na oper\u00e1cie mapovania pam\u00e4te je vyu\u017eit\u00e1 d\u00e1tov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara \u201emaple tree\u201c, ktor\u00e1 je prezentovan\u00e1 ako \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ia n\u00e1hrada za \u0161trukt\u00faru \u201ered-black tree\u201c. Maple tree je variantom B-tree, ktor\u00fd podporuje indexovanie pod\u013ea intervalov hodn\u00f4t a je navrhnut\u00fd na efekt\u00edvne vyu\u017eitie cache. <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/dts-riga\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"371\">modern\u00fdch procesorov<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo mmap boli implementovan\u00e9 zamykania na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch VMA (Virtual Memory Area), ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon viacosov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara \u00fadajov ptdesc, optimalizuj\u00faca pr\u00e1cu s tabu\u013ekami str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te rozdelen\u00edm \u0161trukt\u00far s metad\u00e1tami a \u00fadajmi pre str\u00e1nky pam\u00e4te.             <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63081\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Oracle \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8 (UEK R8), \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435 Oracle Linux \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 Red Hat Enterprise Linux. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64 \u0438 ARM64 (aarch64). \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c Git-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Oracle \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 8 (UEK R8), \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f 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