{"id":123638,"date":"2025-04-23T21:05:08","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T19:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-nginx-1-28-0-i-forka-freenginx-1-28-0"},"modified":"2025-04-23T21:05:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T19:05:08","slug":"vypusk-nginx-1-28-0-i-forka-freenginx-1-28-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/vypusk-nginx-1-28-0-i-forka-freenginx-1-28-0","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie nginx 1.28.0 a forku FreeNginx 1.28.0.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po roku v\u00fdvoja bola uveden\u00e1 nov\u00e1 stabiln\u00e1 verzia vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho HTTP servera a viacprotokolov\u00e9ho proxy servera nginx 1.28.0, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje zmeny zo stabilnej verzie 1.27.x. V bud\u00facnosti bud\u00fa v\u0161etky zmeny v stabilnej verzii 1.28 zameran\u00e9 na opravu v\u00e1\u017enych ch\u00fdb a zranite\u013enost\u00ed. \u010coskoro bude vytvoren\u00e1 hlavn\u00e1 verzia nginx 1.29, v ktorej sa bud\u00fa pokra\u010dova\u0165 v rozvoji nov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed. Pre be\u017en\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed nemaj\u00fa za cie\u013e zabezpe\u010di\u0165 kompatibilitu s extern\u00fdmi modulmi, sa odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 hlavn\u00fa vetvu, na z\u00e1klade ktorej sa ka\u017ed\u00e9 tri mesiace vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa vydania komer\u010dn\u00e9ho produktu Nginx Plus.       <\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea marcovej spr\u00e1vy spolo\u010dnosti Netcraft je na nginx prev\u00e1dzkovan\u00fdch pribli\u017ene 245 mili\u00f3nov str\u00e1nok (pred rokom 243 mili\u00f3ny, pred dvoma rokmi 289 mili\u00f3nov). Nginx sa pou\u017e\u00edva na 17,89 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch akt\u00edvnych str\u00e1nok (pred rokom 18,15 %, pred dvoma rokmi 18,94 %), \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 prv\u00e9mu mestu v tejto kateg\u00f3rii (podiel Apache je 16,03 % (pred rokom 20,09 %, pred dvoma rokmi 20,52 %), Cloudflare \u2014 17,81 % (14,12 %, 11,32 %), Google \u2014 9,89 % (10,41 %, 9,89 %).     <\/p>\n<p>Pri zoh\u013eadnen\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1nok nginx na\u010falej vedie a zauj\u00edma 20,48 % trhu (pred rokom 22,31 %, pred dvoma rokmi \u2014 25,94 %), zatia\u013e \u010do podiel Apache predstavuje 16,03 % (20,17 %, 20,58 %), Cloudflare \u2014 12,87 % (11,24 %, 10,17 %), OpenResty (platforma zalo\u017een\u00e1 na nginx a LuaJIT) \u2014 9,36 % (7,93 %, 7,94 %).      <\/p>\n<p>Medzi mili\u00f3nom najnav\u0161tevovanej\u0161\u00edch str\u00e1nok na svete nginx zaber\u00e1 druh\u00e9 miesto s podielom 20,37 % (pred rokom 20,63 %, pred dvoma rokmi 21,37 %). Prv\u00e9 miesto patr\u00ed Cloudflare \u2014 22,32 % (pred rokom 22,59 %, pred dvoma rokmi 21,62 %). Podiel Apache httpd \u2014 17,95 % (20,09 %, 21,18 %).     <\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea \u00fadajov W3Techs sa nginx pou\u017e\u00edva na 33,8 % str\u00e1nok z mili\u00f3na najnav\u0161tevovanej\u0161\u00edch (v apr\u00edli minul\u00e9ho roku bol tento \u00fadaj 34,3 %, predminule 34,5 %). Podiel Apache za rok klesol z 30,1 % na 26,3 %, zatia\u013e \u010do podiel Microsoft IIS klesol z 5 % na 4 %. Podiel Node.js vzr\u00e1stol z 3,2 % na 4,4 %, zatia\u013e \u010do podiel LiteSpeed st\u00fapol z 12,9 % na 14,6 %.     <\/p>\n<p>Najpozoruhodnej\u0161ie vylep\u0161enia pridan\u00e9 v procese tvorby hlavnej verzie 1.27.x:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre pripojenia pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face protokol QUIC bola pridan\u00e1 podpora algoritmu riadenia sie\u0165ovej pre\u0165a\u017eenosti CUBIC (RFC 9438), ktor\u00e9ho fungovanie spo\u010d\u00edva v postupnom zvy\u0161ovan\u00ed ve\u013ekosti okna pre\u0165a\u017eenia a\u017e do v\u00fdskytu straty paketov, po \u010dom sa ve\u013ekos\u0165 okna vr\u00e1ti na hodnotu pred stratou. V uskuto\u010dnen\u00fdch testoch pou\u017eitie CUBIC umo\u017enilo skr\u00e1ti\u0165 \u010das prenosu s\u00faboru s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 500 MB o 24 % pri latenci\u00e1ch 40 ms a BDP 750 K (Bandwidth Delay Product) a o 73 % pri latenci\u00e1ch 100 ms a BDP 9 M.        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do modulu stream bola pridan\u00e1 podpora kontroly odvolania certifik\u00e1tov klientov pomocou protokolu OCSP (Protokol pre online status certifik\u00e1tov).\n<li class=\"l\"> V module stream bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora techniky kontrolovania odvolania certifik\u00e1tov OCSP Stapling, ktorou je, \u017ee pri rokovan\u00ed o TLS spojen\u00ed sa certifikovan\u00e9 odpovede OCSP odovzd\u00e1vaj\u00fa serverom, ktor\u00fd obsluhuje webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku, bez potreby priameho kontaktu s certifika\u010dn\u00fdm org\u00e1nom.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pri spusten\u00ed a aktualiz\u00e1cii konfigur\u00e1cie bolo implementovan\u00e9 cacheovanie <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/ssl-sertifikat\/\"   title=\"SSL certifik\u00e1tov\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"354\">SSL certifik\u00e1tov<\/a>, k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov a CRL (Zoznam odvolan\u00fdch certifik\u00e1tov).\n<li class=\"l\"> Boli pridan\u00e9 mo\u017enosti na zn\u00ed\u017eenie spotreby zdrojov a zn\u00ed\u017eenie z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee na CPU pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed TLS v konfigur\u00e1ci\u00e1ch s ve\u013ek\u00fdm po\u010dtom blokov servera a lok\u00e1cie. Pridan\u00e9 zmeny umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa namiesto vytv\u00e1rania osobn\u00e9ho SSL kontextu (SSL_CTX v OpenSSL) pre ka\u017ed\u00fd konfigura\u010dn\u00fd blok, vyu\u017ei\u0165 u\u017e existuj\u00faci SSL kontext z nadriaden\u00e9ho bloku.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V smernici \u201essl_client_certificate\u201c je zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 podpora certifik\u00e1tov s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi inform\u00e1ciami.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Na overenie klientskych SSL certifik\u00e1tov u\u017e nie je smernica \u201essl_client_certificate\u201c povinn\u00e1.        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Modul ngx_mail_proxy_module prid\u00e1va podporu re\u017eimu IMAP LOGIN \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho pre SmarterMail s nietegovanou odpove\u010fou CAPABILITY.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do modulu ngx_http_proxy_module bola pridan\u00e1 smernica \u201eproxy_pass_trailers\u201c, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 polia hlavi\u010diek na konci odpovede z proxy servera k klientovi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do smernice \u201eserver\u201c, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v bloku \u201eupstream\u201c, bola pridan\u00e1 podpora parametra \u201eresolve\u201c, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje sledovanie zmien <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adresy\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"728\">IP adresy<\/a> pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho dom\u00e9nov\u00e9ho mena a automatick\u00e9 aktualizovanie konfigur\u00e1cie bloku \u201eupstream\u201c bez potreby re\u0161tartovania nginx v pr\u00edpade zmeny adresy.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridala sa mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 premenn\u00e9 v smerniciach \u201eproxy_limit_rate\u201c, \u201efastcgi_limit_rate\u201c, \u201escgi_limit_rate\u201c a \u201euwsgi_limit_rate\u201c.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V smernic\u00e1ch \u201eproxy_bind\u201c, \u201efastcgi_bind\u201c, \u201egrpc_bind\u201c, \u201ememcached_bind\u201c, \u201escgi_bind\u201c a \u201euwsgi_bind\u201c, ako aj v adrese klienta v modules ngx_http_realip_module je povolen\u00e9 uv\u00e1dza\u0165 IPv6 adresy v z\u00e1tvork\u00e1ch bez \u010d\u00edsla portu.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 direkt\u00edva &#171;keepalive_min_timeout&#187;, ktor\u00e1 ur\u010duje timeout, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho nginx nebude uzatv\u00e1ra\u0165 keep-alive pripojenie s klientom.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Predvolene s\u00fa protokoly TLSv1 a TLSv1.1 vypnut\u00e9.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Rie\u0161en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s dlh\u00fdm na\u010d\u00edtan\u00edm konfigura\u010dn\u00fdch s\u00faborov z d\u00f4vodu op\u00e4tovnej anal\u00fdzy toho ist\u00e9ho s\u00faboru TLS certifik\u00e1tov, k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov a zoznamov certifika\u010dn\u00fdch autor\u00edt. Ur\u00fdchlen\u00e9 re\u0161tartovanie konfigur\u00e1cie v\u010faka op\u00e4tovn\u00e9mu pou\u017eitiu nezmenen\u00fdch TLS objektov, ako s\u00fa certifik\u00e1ty, k\u013e\u00fa\u010de a CRL. Na deaktiv\u00e1ciu dedi\u010dstva objektov pri aktualiz\u00e1cii konfigur\u00e1cie bola pridan\u00e1 direkt\u00edva &#171;ssl_object_cache_inheritable&#187;.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd cache pre certifik\u00e1ty a k\u013e\u00fa\u010de na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 pomocou premenn\u00fdch v direkt\u00edvach (napr\u00edklad &#171;ssl_certificate      \/etc\/ssl\/$ssl_server_name.crt&#187;). Na spr\u00e1vu cache boli pridan\u00e9 direkt\u00edvy &#171;ssl_certificate_cache&#187;, &#171;proxy_ssl_certificate_cache&#187;, &#171;grpc_ssl_certificate_cache&#187; a  &#171;uwsgi_ssl_certificate_cache&#187;. Prostredn\u00edctvom uveden\u00fdch direkt\u00edv je mo\u017en\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 maxim\u00e1lnu ve\u013ekos\u0165 cache, dobu platnosti z\u00e1znamov a \u010das \u010distenia nevy\u017eadovan\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov. Napr\u00edklad: &#171;ssl_certificate_cache max=1000 inactive=20s valid=1m;&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 spotreba pam\u00e4te pri spracovan\u00ed dlhodob\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek v konfigur\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, v ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa pou\u017eit\u00e9 direkt\u00edvy &#171;gzip&#187;, &#171;gunzip&#187;, &#171;ssi&#187;, &#171;sub_filter&#187; alebo &#171;grpc_pass&#187;.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Maxim\u00e1lna ve\u013ekos\u0165 cache ukladanej v zdie\u013eanej pam\u00e4ti pre SSL rel\u00e1cie bola zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 na 8192.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola zaveden\u00e1 podpora pre zostavovanie so C kni\u017enicou Musl.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola vykonan\u00e1 optimaliz\u00e1cia v\u00fdkonu a odstr\u00e1nenie ch\u00fdb v implement\u00e1cii HTTP\/3.      <\/ul>\n<p>Dodato\u010dne m\u00f4\u017eeme spomen\u00fa\u0165 vydanie verzie projektu FreeNginx 1.28.0, ktor\u00fd je vyv\u00edjan\u00fd ako fork Nginx. V\u00fdvoj fork vedie Maxim Dunin, jeden z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov Nginx. FreeNginx je prezentovan\u00fd ako neziskov\u00fd projekt, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje v\u00fdvoj k\u00f3dovej z\u00e1kladne Nginx bez firemn\u00e9ho zasahovania. Medzi \u0161pecifick\u00e9 zmeny v r\u00e1mci verzie FreeNginx 1.28 patr\u00ed:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Parameter &#171;off&#187; v direkt\u00edve &#171;pid&#187;, ktor\u00fd zakazuje vytv\u00e1ranie PID s\u00faboru.\n<li class=\"l\">  Obmedzenie intenzity z\u00e1pisu spr\u00e1v do chybov\u00e9ho logu na ochranu pred zaplnen\u00edm logu typov\u00fdmi spr\u00e1vami.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implement\u00e1cia parametra multipath v direkt\u00edve listen na podporu Multipath TCP.\n<li class=\"l\">  Podpora HTTP hlavi\u010dky &#171;Age&#187; na ur\u010denie doby \u017eivotnosti z\u00e1znamov v cache.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridanie met\u00f3d autentifik\u00e1cie XOAUTH2 a OAUTHBEARER do modulu mail_proxy.  <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63126\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e HTTP-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 nginx 1.28.0, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 1.27.x. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 1.28 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0451\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0412 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 nginx 1.29, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 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