{"id":140334,"date":"2025-08-09T23:12:05","date_gmt":"2025-08-09T21:12:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-debian-13"},"modified":"2025-08-09T23:12:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-09T21:12:05","slug":"reliz-debian-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-debian-13","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie Debian 13","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvoch rokoch v\u00fdvoja bol vydan\u00fd Debian 13 \u201eTrixie\u201c, dostupn\u00fd pre osem ofici\u00e1lne podporovan\u00fdch architekt\u00far: Intel IA-32\/x86 (i686), AMD64\/x86-64, ARM EABI (armel), ARM64, ARMv7 (armhf), RISC-V, PowerPC 64 (ppc64el) a IBM System z (s390x). Aktualiz\u00e1cie pre Debian 13 bud\u00fa vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 po\u010das 5 rokov.    <\/p>\n<p>Na stiahnutie s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00e9 obrazy, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 stiahnu\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom HTTP, jigdo alebo BitTorrent. Pre architekt\u00faru amd64 s\u00fa vyvinut\u00e9 LiveUSB, dostupn\u00e9 v variantoch GNOME, KDE, LXDE, Xfce, Cinnamon a MATE, ako aj viacarchitekt\u00farny DVD, kombinuj\u00faci bal\u00ed\u010dky pre platformu amd64 s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi bal\u00ed\u010dkami pre architekt\u00faru i386. Pred migr\u00e1ciou z Debian 12 si pre\u010d\u00edtajte nasleduj\u00faci dokument.      <\/p>\n<p>V repozit\u00e1ri je k dispoz\u00edcii 69830 bin\u00e1rnych bal\u00ed\u010dkov, \u010do je o 5411 bal\u00ed\u010dkov viac ako v Debian 12. V porovnan\u00ed s Debian 12 bolo pridan\u00fdch 14116 nov\u00fdch bin\u00e1rnych bal\u00ed\u010dkov, 8844 (12 %) zastaran\u00fdch alebo opusten\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dkov bolo odstr\u00e1nen\u00fdch a 44326 (63 %) bal\u00ed\u010dkov bolo aktualizovan\u00fdch. Celkov\u00e1 suma v\u0161etk\u00fdch poskytovan\u00fdch v distrib\u00facii zdrojov\u00fdch textov predstavuje 1 463 291 186 riadkov k\u00f3du. Celkov\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch bal\u00ed\u010dkov je 403 GB.       <\/p>\n<p>Podpora reprodukovate\u013en\u00fdch zostaven\u00ed je zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 pre 96,9% bal\u00edkov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje potvrdi\u0165, \u017ee spustite\u013en\u00fd s\u00fabor bol skuto\u010dne zostaven\u00fd z deklarovan\u00fdch zdrojov\u00fdch k\u00f3dov a neobsahuje \u017eiadne neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9 zmeny, ktor\u00e9 by mohli by\u0165 vykonan\u00e9 napr\u00edklad \u00fatokom na infra\u0161trukt\u00faru zostavovania alebo zneu\u017eit\u00edm v kompil\u00e1tore.    <\/p>\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 zmeny v Debian 13.0:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd ofici\u00e1lny port distrib\u00facie pre syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na 64-bitovej architekt\u00fare RISC-V.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd port \u201eloong64\u201c pre syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architekt\u00fare in\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru LoongArch, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fa v procesoroch Loongson 3 5000, a implementuje RISC ISA, ktor\u00fd je podobn\u00fd MIPS a RISC-V. Port nie je zaraden\u00fd medzi ofici\u00e1lne podporovan\u00e9.\n<li class=\"l\"> Boli odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 porty \u201emipsel\u201c a \u201emips64el\u201c pre syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na architekt\u00fare MIPS. Port \u201emipsel\u201c bol jedn\u00fdm z najstar\u0161\u00edch podporovan\u00fdch portov Debian, star\u0161\u00ed bol iba port pre procesory i386. D\u00f4vodom odstr\u00e1nenia boli technick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ako napr\u00edklad obmedzenie ve\u013ekosti pam\u00e4te v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore na 2 Gb a probl\u00e9my so zostaven\u00edm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vytvorenie ofici\u00e1lnych in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fdch zost\u00e1v a bal\u00edkov so jadrom pre 32-bitov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my x86 bolo ukon\u010den\u00e9, ale ofici\u00e1lne podporovan\u00fd repozit\u00e1r bal\u00edkov a multi-arch repozit\u00e1r zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii, ako aj mo\u017enos\u0165 nasadenia 32-bitov\u00fdch prostred\u00ed v izolovan\u00fdch kontajneroch a n\u00e1stroj na kompil\u00e1ciu 32-bitov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed. Architekt\u00fara i386 v Debiane teraz obmedzuje podporu sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania 32-bitov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed v 64-bitovom prostred\u00ed x86_64 (pri kompil\u00e1cii sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa in\u0161trukcie SSE2, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 v drvivej v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine 32-bitov\u00fdch procesorov, ktor\u00e9 boli podporovan\u00e9 v Debiane 12).\n<li class=\"l\"> Probl\u00e9m roku 2038 bol \u00faplne vyrie\u0161en\u00fd. V\u0161etky bal\u00edky boli preveden\u00e9 na pou\u017eit\u00ed 64-bitov\u00e9ho typu time_t v portoch distrib\u00facie pre 32-bitov\u00e9 architekt\u00fary, v ktor\u00fdch sa st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edval 32-bitov\u00fd typ time_t (ten nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 na spracovanie \u010dasu po 19. janu\u00e1ri 2038 z d\u00f4vodu prete\u010denia po\u010d\u00edtadla sek\u00fand, ktor\u00e9 uplynuli od 1. janu\u00e1ra 1970).\n<li class=\"l\"> V in\u0161tal\u00e1tore bola zmenen\u00e1 logika spr\u00e1vy oddielov EFI a bol pridan\u00fd re\u017eim obnova syst\u00e9mov nain\u0161talovan\u00fdch v pododdiele Btrfs. Odstr\u00e1nili sa firmv\u00e9ry, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii, nem\u00f4\u017eu fungova\u0165 bez nepoplatn\u00fdch bal\u00edkov alebo s\u00fa zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 pri s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch nastaveniach jadra. Podpora grub-legacy a win32-loader bola ukon\u010den\u00e1. Obnovila sa podpora pre pou\u017e\u00edvanie ne-ASCII znakov v plnom mene pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora platforiem a zariaden\u00ed: Pine64 Pinebook, MNT Reform 2, AM64x HummingBoard-T, Pine64 Star64, Wandboard rev D1, ako aj notebookov a tabletov zalo\u017een\u00fdch na ARM SoC Snapdragon X Elite.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do in\u0161tal\u00e1tora a Live zost\u00e1v bol pridan\u00fd re\u017eim vzdialen\u00e9ho sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania \u201eHTTP Boot\u201c, kde s\u00fa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acie obrazy dod\u00e1van\u00e9 pomocou protokolu HTTP (URL iso-obr\u00e1zku sa zad\u00e1va v rozhran\u00ed firmv\u00e9ru UEFI alebo U-Boot).\n<li class=\"l\"> Na uchov\u00e1vanie adres\u00e1ra so do\u010dasn\u00fdmi s\u00fabormi \/tmp je pou\u017eit\u00fd s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m tmpfs, ktor\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edva umiestnen\u00fd v pam\u00e4ti RAM-disk, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 presunut\u00fd na swap pri nedostatku vo\u013enej pam\u00e4te. Pou\u017eitie tmpfs umo\u017e\u0148uje zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 po\u010det z\u00e1pisov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed na fyzick\u00fd ukladac\u00ed priestor, zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 spotrebu energie pevn\u00fdch diskov, pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 \u017eivotnos\u0165 SSD diskov a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon pri pr\u00e1ci s do\u010dasn\u00fdmi s\u00fabormi. Na n\u00e1vrat uchov\u00e1vania \/tmp do be\u017en\u00e9ho FS je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edkaz \u201esystemctl mask tmp.mount\u201c.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol zru\u0161en\u00fd pr\u00edkaz last, lastb a lastlog, ktor\u00fd bol viazan\u00fd na s\u00fabory \/var\/log\/wtmp, \/var\/log\/btmp, \/var\/run\/utmp a \/var\/log\/lastlog, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faci 32-bitov\u00fd typ time_t, ktor\u00fd nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 nahradi\u0165 64-bitov\u00fdm bez zmeny ABI Glibc a naru\u0161enia kompatibility s aplik\u00e1ciami. Namiesto t\u00fdchto util\u00edt sa odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 utility wtmpdb, lastlog2 a lslogins.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na ur\u010denie a pripojenie \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch FS bol pou\u017eit\u00fd bal\u00edk systemd-cryptsetup.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na syst\u00e9moch s architekt\u00farou AMD64 a ARM64 s\u00fa zapojen\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenia Intel CET (Control-flow Enforcement Technology), ARM PAC (Pointer Authentication) a BTI (Branch Target Identification) na ochranu proti exploitom, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa met\u00f3dy n\u00e1vratovo orientovan\u00e9ho programovania (ROP \u2014 Return-Oriented Programming). Pri pou\u017eit\u00ed techniky ROP sa \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk nesna\u017e\u00ed umiestni\u0165 svoj k\u00f3d do pam\u00e4te, ale operuje u\u017e existuj\u00facimi \u010das\u0165ami strojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du v na\u010d\u00edtan\u00fdch kni\u017eniciach, ktor\u00e9 sa kon\u010dia in\u0161trukciou na vr\u00e1tenie riadenia (zvy\u010dajne ide o konce kni\u017eni\u010dn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed). Pr\u00e1ca exploitu spo\u010d\u00edva v zostaven\u00ed re\u0165azca volan\u00ed tak\u00fdchto blokov (\u201egadgets\u201c) na z\u00edskanie po\u017eadovanej funkcionality. Podstata ochrany spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee po prenose riadenia do funkcie sa adresy n\u00e1vratu ukladaj\u00fa procesorom nielen do be\u017en\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edka, ale aj do samostatn\u00e9ho tienov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edka, ktor\u00fd nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 priamo zmenen\u00fd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora pre utilitu run0, dod\u00e1van\u00fa v systemd na vykon\u00e1vanie procesov pod identifik\u00e1tormi in\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Utility je implementovan\u00e1 vo forme nadstavby nad pr\u00edkazom systemd-run a prezentovan\u00e1 ako bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ia n\u00e1hrada programu sudo.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zapojen\u00e1 vetva bal\u00edkov\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vcu APT 3.0, v ktorej bol prepracovan\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fd rozhranie, aktivovan\u00fd engine na rie\u0161enie z\u00e1vislost\u00ed Solver3, pridan\u00e1 podpora pre snapshoty, zastaven\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie utility apt-key, pridan\u00fd kryptografick\u00fd backend pre kni\u017enicu OpenSSL a implementovan\u00e1 pr\u00edkaz \u201edist-clean\u201c.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 pr\u00edkaz debian-repro-status na kontrolu stavu reprodukovate\u013enej zostavy pre nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 bal\u00edky v aktu\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola dokon\u010den\u00e1 migr\u00e1cia distrib\u00facie z vyu\u017e\u00edvania samostatnej part\u00edcie \/usr na predstavu, v ktorej s\u00fa adres\u00e1re \/bin, \/sbin a \/lib* uveden\u00e9 ako symbolick\u00e9 odkazy na zodpovedaj\u00face adres\u00e1re vo vn\u00fatri \/usr.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jadro Linuxu bolo aktualizovan\u00e9 na verziu 6.12. Boli vyu\u017eit\u00e9 nov\u00e9 vydania systemd 257, bash 5.2.37, Glibc 2.41, OpenSSL 3.5.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zah\u0155\u0148a vydania desktopov\u00fdch prostred\u00ed GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0 a Xfce 4.20. Aktualizovan\u00fd grafick\u00fd stack.\n<li class=\"l\">  Aktualizovan\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, ako napr\u00edklad LibreOffice 25.2, GIMP 3.0.2, Inkscape 1.4, Vim 9.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aktualizovan\u00e9 serverov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, ako s\u00fa BIND 9.20, Postfix 3.10, Exim 4.98, PostgreSQL 17, MariaDB 11.8, nginx 1.26, OpenJDK 21, OpenSSH 10.0, Samba 4.22, QEMU 10.0, Docker 26.1.5, Xen 4.20.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aktualizovan\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, ako napr\u00edklad GCC 14.2, LLVM\/Clang 19, Perl 5.40, PHP 8.4, Python 3.13, Rust 1.85, Go 1.24.\n<ul>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63702\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Debian 13 &#171;Trixie&#187;, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440: Intel IA-32\/x86 (i686), AMD64\/x86-64, ARM EABI (armel), ARM64, ARMv7 (armhf), RISC-V, PowerPC 64 (ppc64el) \u0438 IBM System z (s390x). \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f Debian 13 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 5 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e HTTP, jigdo [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-140334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Debian 13 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\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Debian 13 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Debian 13 &quot;Trixie&quot;, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440: Intel IA-32\/x86 (i686), AMD64\/x86-64, ARM 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