{"id":141508,"date":"2025-08-25T11:11:55","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T09:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/yadru-linux-ispolnilos-34-goda"},"modified":"2026-02-08T18:03:20","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T16:03:20","slug":"yadru-linux-ispolnilos-34-goda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/yadru-linux-ispolnilos-34-goda","title":{"rendered":"Jadro Linux oslavuje 34 rokov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>25. augusta 1991, po piatich mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja, 21-ro\u010dn\u00fd \u0161tudent Linus Torvalds ozn\u00e1mil na konferencii comp.os.minix vytvorenie pracovn\u00e9ho prototypu novej opera\u010dnej s\u00fastavy Linux, pre ktor\u00fa bolo ozn\u00e1men\u00e9 dokon\u010denie portovania bash 1.08 a gcc 1.40. Prv\u00e9 verejn\u00e9 vydanie jadra Linux bolo predstaven\u00e9 17. septembra. Jadro 0.0.1 malo ve\u013ekos\u0165 62 kB v komprimovanej podobe a obsahovalo pribli\u017ene 10 tis\u00edc riadkov zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Modern\u00e9 jadro Linux obsahuje pribli\u017ene 41 mili\u00f3nov riadkov k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<p>Jadro Linux bolo vytvoren\u00e9 pod vplyvom opera\u010dnej s\u00fastavy MINIX, ktor\u00e1 Linusa neuspokojovala svojou obmedzenou licenciou. Nesk\u00f4r, ke\u010f sa Linux stal zn\u00e1mym projektom, nepriatelia sa pok\u00fa\u0161ali obvini\u0165 Linusa z priameho kop\u00edrovania k\u00f3du niektor\u00fdch subsyst\u00e9mov MINIX. \u00datok odrazil Andrew Tanenbaum, autor MINIX, ktor\u00fd poveril jedn\u00e9ho zo \u0161tudentov vykona\u0165 podrobn\u00fa anal\u00fdzu k\u00f3du Minix a prv\u00fdch verejn\u00fdch verzi\u00ed Linux. V\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadie uk\u00e1zali pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 iba \u0161tyroch nev\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zh\u00f4d blokov k\u00f3du, ktor\u00e9 boli sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 po\u017eiadavkami POSIX a ANSI C.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00f4vodne Linus zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eal nazva\u0165 jadro Freax, kombin\u00e1cou slov \"free\", \"freak\" a X (Unix). Ale meno \"Linux\" jadro z\u00edskalo z\u00e1sluhou Ariho Lemmkeho (Ari Lemmke), ktor\u00fd na Linusovu \u017eiados\u0165 umiestnil jadro na FTP server univerzity, nazval adres\u00e1r s arch\u00edvom nie \"freax\", ako \u017eiadal Torvalds, ale \"linux\". Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee podnikav\u00fd podnikate\u013e William Della Croce sa mu podarilo registrova\u0165 ochrann\u00fa zn\u00e1mku Linux a chcel nesk\u00f4r vybera\u0165 poplatky, ale nesk\u00f4r to prehodnotil a v\u0161etky pr\u00e1va na ochrann\u00fa zn\u00e1mku preniesol na Linusa. Ofici\u00e1lnym maskotom jadra Linux je tu\u010dniak Tux, ktor\u00fd bol zvolen\u00fd v d\u00f4sledku s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee, ktor\u00e1 sa konala v roku 1996. N\u00e1zov Tux je skratkou pre Torvalds UniX.<\/p>\n<p>Dynamika rastu k\u00f3dovej z\u00e1kladne (po\u010det riadkov zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du) jadra:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0.0.1 \u2014 september 1991, 10 tis\u00edc riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>1.0.0 \u2014 marec 1994, 176 tis\u00edc riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>1.2.0 \u2014 marec 1995, 311 tis\u00edc riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>2.0.0 \u2014 j\u00fan 1996, 778 tis\u00edc riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>2.2.0 \u2014 janu\u00e1r 1999, 1.8 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>2.4.0 \u2014 janu\u00e1r 2001, 3.4 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>2.6.0 \u2014 december 2003, 5.9 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>2.6.28 \u2014 december 2008, 10.2 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>2.6.35 \u2014 august 2010, 13.4 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>3.0 - august 2011, 14.6 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>3.5 - j\u00fal 2012, 15.5 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>3.10 \u2014 j\u00fal 2013, 15.8 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>3.16 \u2014 august 2014, 17.5 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>4.1 \u2014 j\u00fan 2015, 19.5 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>4.7 \u2014 j\u00fal 2016, 21.7 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>4.12 \u2014 j\u00fal 2017, 24.1 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>4.18 - august 2018, 25.3 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>5.2 - j\u00fal 2019, 26.55 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>5.8 - august 2020, 28.4 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>5.13 - j\u00fan 2021, 29.2 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>5.19 - august 2022, 30.5 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;<\/li>\n<li>6.4 - j\u00fan 2023, 32.9 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du.<\/li>\n<li>6.10 - j\u00fal 2024, 35.1 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du.<\/li>\n<li>6.16 \u2014 j\u00fal 2025, 40.8 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pokrok v\u00fdvoja jadra:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 0.0.1 \u2014 september 1991, prv\u00e9 verejn\u00e9 vydanie, podporuj\u00face len CPU i386 a sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00face sa z diskety;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 0.12 \u2014 janu\u00e1r 1992, k\u00f3d sa za\u010dal \u0161\u00edri\u0165 pod licenciou GPLv2;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 0.95 \u2014 marec 1992, zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania X Window System, realizovan\u00e1 podpora virtu\u00e1lnej pam\u00e4te a swapovacieho s\u00faboru.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 0.96-0.99 \u2014 1992-1993, za\u010dala sa pr\u00e1ca na sie\u0165ovom stacku. Predstavovan\u00fd s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Ext2, pridan\u00e1 podpora form\u00e1tu s\u00faborov ELF, predstaven\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de pre zvukov\u00e9 karty a SCSI kontroller, realizovan\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edtanie modulov jadra a s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \/proc.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">V roku 1992 sa objavili prv\u00e9 distrib\u00facie SLS a Yggdrasil. V lete 1993 boli zalo\u017een\u00e9 projekty Slackware a Debian.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 1.0 \u2014 marec 1994, prv\u00e9 ofici\u00e1lne stabiln\u00e9 vydanie;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 1.2 \u2014 marec 1995, v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie po\u010dtu ovl\u00e1da\u010dov, podpora platforiem Alpha, MIPS a SPARC, roz\u0161\u00edrenie mo\u017enost\u00ed sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho stacku, vznik paketov\u00e9ho filtra, podpora NFS;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 2.0 \u2014 j\u00fan 1996, podpora viacer\u00fdch procesorov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Marec 1997: zalo\u017een\u00fd LKML, mailing list v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov jadra Linux;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">1998: spusten\u00fd prv\u00fd cluster na b\u00e1ze Linuxu, ktor\u00fd sa dostal do zoznamu Top500, skladaj\u00faci sa z 68 uzlov s CPU Alpha;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 2.2 \u2014 janu\u00e1r 1999, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 efektivita syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy pam\u00e4te, pridan\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/lir\/ipv4\/\">podpora IPv6<\/a>, zaveden\u00fd nov\u00fd firewall, predstaven\u00fd nov\u00fd zvukov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 2.4 \u2014 febru\u00e1r 2001, zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 podpora 8-procesorov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a 64 GB RAM, s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Ext3, podpora USB, ACPI;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 2.6 \u2014 december 2003, podpora SELinux, prostriedky automatick\u00e9ho ladania parametrov jadra, sysfs, prepracovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy pam\u00e4te;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">V roku 2005 predstaven\u00fd hyperv\u00edzor Xen, ktor\u00fd otvoril \u00e9ru virtualiz\u00e1cie;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">V septembri 2008 bol vytvoren\u00fd prv\u00fd release platformy Android, zalo\u017eenej na jadre Linux;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">V j\u00fali 2011 po 10 rokoch v\u00fdvoja vetvy 2.6.x do\u0161lo k prechodu na \u010d\u00edslovanie 3.x. Po\u010det objektov v Git repozit\u00e1ri dosiahol 2 mili\u00f3ny;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">V roku 2015 bol vydan\u00fd jadro Linux 4.0. Po\u010det git objektov v repozit\u00e1ri dosiahol 4 mili\u00f3ny;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">V apr\u00edli 2018 bol prekonan\u00fd prah 6 mili\u00f3nov git objektov v repozit\u00e1ri jadra.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">V janu\u00e1ri 2019 bola vytvoren\u00e1 vetva jadra Linux 5.0. Repozit\u00e1r dosiahol \u00farove\u0148 6.5 mili\u00f3na git objektov.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Jadro 5.8, publikovan\u00e9 v auguste 2020, sa stalo najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm z h\u013eadiska po\u010dtu zmien vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch jadr\u00e1ch po\u010das existencie projektu.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">V jadre 5.13 bol ustanoven\u00fd rekord v po\u010dte v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov (2150), ktor\u00fdch zmeny sa zahrnuli do jadra.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">V auguste 2022 bola vytvoren\u00e1 vetva jadra Linux 6.0, preto\u017ee vo vetve 5.x sa nazbieralo dostatok vydan\u00ed na zmenu prv\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla verzie.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Do jadra 6.1, vydan\u00e9ho v decembri 2022, bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 jazyk Rust ako druh\u00fd jazyk na v\u00fdvoj ovl\u00e1da\u010dov a modulov jadra.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Vo febru\u00e1ri 2025 bola dosiahnut\u00e1 hranica 40 mili\u00f3nov riadkov zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pribli\u017ene 65 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch zmien v jadre bolo vykonan\u00fdch 20 najakt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edmi spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami. Napr\u00edklad pri v\u00fdvoji jadra 6.16 z v\u0161etk\u00fdch zmien bolo 11.3 % (pred rokom v jadre 6.10 to bolo 15.3 %) pripraven\u00fdch spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Intel, 7.6 % (6.9 %) \u2014 Red Hat, 6.3 % (7.4 %) \u2014 Google, 5.6 % (6.3 %) \u2014 Linaro, 5.4 % (4.6 %) \u2014 AMD, 3.6 % (1.9 %) \u2014 Qualcomm, 3.0 % (2.5 %) \u2014 SUSE, 2.9 % (3.2 %) \u2014 Meta, 2.6 % (3.3 %) \u2014 Oracle, 2.4 % (2.3 %) \u2014 Huawei, 2.4 % (1.5 %) \u2014 NVIDIA, 2.3 % (1.2 %) \u2014 ARM, 1.4 % (2.4 %) \u2014 IBM. 15.3 % (11.9 %) zmien pripravili nez\u00e1visl\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci alebo v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri, ktor\u00ed v\u00fdslovne neozn\u00e1mili svoju pr\u00e1cu pre konkr\u00e9tne spolo\u010dnosti. Z h\u013eadiska po\u010dtu pridan\u00fdch riadkov k\u00f3du v jadre 6.16 ved\u00fa spolo\u010dnosti Intel, Red Hat a Google, ktor\u00fdch podiely boli 9.2 %, 7.2 % a 6.9 % (v jadre 6.10 to boli Intel, Linaro a Red Hat s podielmi 13.6 %, 13.3 % a 7.2 %).<\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63771\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 21-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 comp.os.minix \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f bash 1.08 \u0438 gcc 1.40. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 17 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e 0.0.1 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 62 \u041a\u0431 \u0432 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-141508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 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