{"id":143994,"date":"2025-09-22T17:11:59","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T15:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-subd-duckdb-1-4-0-s-podderzhkoj-shifrovaniya-bd"},"modified":"2025-09-22T17:11:59","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T15:11:59","slug":"reliz-subd-duckdb-1-4-0-s-podderzhkoj-shifrovaniya-bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-subd-duckdb-1-4-0-s-podderzhkoj-shifrovaniya-bd","title":{"rendered":"Uvo\u013enenie datab\u00e1zov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu DuckDB 1.4.0 s podporou \u0161ifrovania datab\u00e1zy.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
Bol spusten\u00fd vydanie SDB DuckDB 1.4.0, zameran\u00fd na vykon\u00e1vanie analytick\u00fdch dopytov a koncep\u010dne pripom\u00ednaj\u00faci SQLite. DuckDB kombinuje vlastnosti SQLite, ako s\u00fa kompaktnos\u0165, prepojenie vo forme zabudovanej kni\u017enice, ukladanie datab\u00e1zy do jedn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru a CLI rozhranie, s mo\u017enos\u0165ami a optimaliz\u00e1ciami pre vykon\u00e1vanie analytick\u00fdch dopytov, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 ulo\u017een\u00fdch d\u00e1t, ako napr\u00edklad vykon\u00e1vanie agreg\u00e1cie cel\u00e9ho obsahu tabuliek alebo zl\u00fa\u010denie viacer\u00fdch ve\u013ek\u00fdch tabuliek. K\u00f3d projektu je nap\u00edsan\u00fd v jazyku C++ a je \u0161\u00edren\u00fd pod licenciou MIT. <\/p>\n
DuckDB poskytuje roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd dialekt jazyka SQL, ktor\u00fd obsahuje \u010fal\u0161ie mo\u017enosti pre spracovanie ve\u013emi zlo\u017eit\u00fdch a dlhodobo vykon\u00e1van\u00fdch dopytov. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie zlo\u017eit\u00fdch typov (polia, \u0161trukt\u00fary, zlu\u010deniny), ako aj vykon\u00e1vanie \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fdch a vnoren\u00fdch korelovan\u00fdch poddopytov. Podporuje s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vanie viacer\u00fdch dopytov a vykon\u00e1vanie dopytov priamo zo s\u00faborov vo form\u00e1te CSV a Parquet. K dispoz\u00edcii je podpora importu z SDB PostgreSQL. <\/p>\n
Projekt vyu\u017e\u00edva obal zo SQLite, parser z PostgreSQL, komponent Date Math z MonetDB, vlastn\u00fa implement\u00e1ciu oknov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed (na z\u00e1klade algoritmu Segment Tree Aggregation), spracovate\u013e regul\u00e1rnych v\u00fdrazov na z\u00e1klade kni\u017enice RE2, vlastn\u00fd optimaliz\u00e1tor dopytov, MVCC mechanizmus riadenia s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho vykon\u00e1vania \u00faloh (Multi-Version Concurrency Control) a tie\u017e vektorizovan\u00fd engine vykon\u00e1vania dopytov zalo\u017een\u00fd na algoritme Hyper-Pipelining Query Execution, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje v jednej oper\u00e1cii spracova\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017einy hodn\u00f4t. <\/p>\n
V novej verzii: <\/p>\n
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Pridan\u00e1 podpora pre ukladanie s\u00faborov datab\u00e1z vo \u0161ifrovanej forme. Na \u0161ifrovanie sa pou\u017e\u00edva algoritmus AES-256 v re\u017eime GCM. \u0160ifruje sa nielen hlavn\u00fd s\u00fabor s \u00fadajmi, ale aj WAL-logy a do\u010dasn\u00e9 s\u00fabory. K\u013e\u00fa\u010de na \u0161ifrovanie datab\u00e1zy sa nastavuj\u00fa pr\u00edkazom ATTACH cez parameter ENCRYPTION_KEY. ATTACH 'encrypted.db' AS enc_db (ENCRYPTION_KEY 'quack_quack');\n
Pridan\u00e1 podpora pre pr\u00edkaz 'MERGE INTO', ktor\u00fd sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 ako alternat\u00edva k v\u00fdrazu 'INSERT \u2026 ON CONFLICT', ktor\u00fd nevy\u017eaduje prim\u00e1rny k\u013e\u00fa\u010d a pracuje s \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fdmi podmienkami zl\u00fa\u010denia. Pr\u00edkaz 'MERGE INTO' umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 podmienen\u00e9 SQL v\u00fdrazy, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa v jednom v\u00fdraze oper\u00e1cie INSERT, UPDATE a DELETE. Napr\u00edklad, pomocou MERGE je mo\u017en\u00e9 zorganizova\u0165 zl\u00fa\u010denie dvoch tabuliek, pri\u010dom sa vkladaj\u00fa ch\u00fdbaj\u00face z\u00e1znamy a aktualizuj\u00fa existuj\u00face. WITH deletes(item_id, delete_threshold) AS (VALUES (10, 3000)) MERGE INTO Stock USING deletes USING (item_id) WHEN MATCHED AND balance < delete_threshold THEN DELETE RETURNING merge_action, *; \n\n
Okrem toho bola pridan\u00e1 podpora z\u00e1pisov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed pre tabu\u013eky vo form\u00e1te Apache Iceberg (predt\u00fdm bola podporovan\u00e1 iba \u010d\u00edtanie), \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 d\u00e1ta z Iceberg do DuckDB a sp\u00e4\u0165.\n
Do klienta pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadka bol pridan\u00fd indik\u00e1tor priebehu v\u00fdkonu oper\u00e1cie s predpokladom \u010dasu zost\u00e1vaj\u00faceho do dokon\u010denia.\n
Pridan\u00e1 oknov\u00e1 funkcia 'FILL', ktor\u00fa je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 na interpol\u00e1ciu ch\u00fdbaj\u00facich hodn\u00f4t v usporiadan\u00fdch okn\u00e1ch. FROM (VALUES (1, 1), (2, NULL), (3, 42)) t(c1, c2) SELECT fill(c2) OVER (ORDER BY c1) f; 1 21 42\n
Bol implementovan\u00fd doplnok Teradata Connector na pripojenie k datab\u00e1zam Teradata. Doplnok umo\u017e\u0148uje manipul\u00e1ciu s tabu\u013ekami, vykon\u00e1vanie dopytov a sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie SQL pr\u00edkazov priamo v Teradata pomocou DuckDB.\n
Pridan\u00e1 podpora pre zafixovanie stavu (checkpoint) tabuliek, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v pam\u00e4ti, \u010do umo\u017enilo realiz\u00e1ciu podpory kompresie. Okrem toho, pri zafixovan\u00ed stavu prebieha \u010distenie odstr\u00e1nen\u00fdch riadkov a uvo\u013enenie miesta po oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch odstr\u00e1nenia. ATTACH ':memory:' AS memory_compressed (COMPRESS);\n
Navrhnut\u00e9 nieko\u013eko optimaliz\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u00fdkonu: Implement\u00e1cia radenia bola prenesen\u00e1 na vyu\u017eitie algoritmu viacer\u00e9ho prepojenia (k-way merge sort), ktor\u00fd skracuje presuny d\u00e1t. Zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 tabu\u013ekov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy (Common Table Expression, CTE) sa teraz predvolene materializuj\u00fa. <\/ul>\n