{"id":147300,"date":"2025-11-04T23:11:54","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T21:11:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/programmno-apparatnaya-platforma-cheriot-1-0-dlya-povysheniya-bezopasnosti-koda-na-yazyke-si"},"modified":"2025-11-04T23:11:54","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T21:11:54","slug":"programmno-apparatnaya-platforma-cheriot-1-0-dlya-povysheniya-bezopasnosti-koda-na-yazyke-si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/programmno-apparatnaya-platforma-cheriot-1-0-dlya-povysheniya-bezopasnosti-koda-na-yazyke-si","title":{"rendered":"Softv\u00e9rov\u00e1 a hardv\u00e9rov\u00e1 platforma CHERIoT 1.0 na zlep\u0161enie bezpe\u010dnosti k\u00f3du v jazyku C","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bol pridan\u00fd fin\u00e1lny variant \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie programovo-hardv\u00e9rovej platformy CHERIoT 1.0 (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V for Internet of Things), ktor\u00fd ur\u010duje roz\u0161\u00edrenie mno\u017einy in\u0161trukci\u00ed (ISA) na vytv\u00e1ranie chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. CHERIoT poskytuje hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti na sledovanie pr\u00edstupu k pam\u00e4ti, overovanie spr\u00e1vnosti pr\u00e1ce s ukazovate\u013emi a zabezpe\u010denie izol\u00e1cie blokov k\u00f3du. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 bol zverejnen\u00fd stabiln\u00fd vydanie referen\u010dn\u00e9ho form\u00e1lneho modelu CHERIoT ISA, definovan\u00e9ho v jazyku Sail. V\u00fdsledky projektu s\u00fa poskytovan\u00e9 pod licenciou BSD.      <\/p>\n<p>Projekt CHERIoT bol vytvoren\u00fd spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Microsoft na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov s bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou v existuj\u00facom k\u00f3de v jazykoch C a C++ a na ochranu podobn\u00e9ho k\u00f3du bez nutnosti jeho prepracovania. Ochrana sa realizuje prostredn\u00edctvom pou\u017eit\u00ed modifikovan\u00e9ho kompil\u00e1tora, ktor\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edva roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fa mno\u017einu procesorov\u00fdch in\u0161trukci\u00ed (ISA) na zabezpe\u010denie integrity ukazovate\u013eov, kontrolu hran\u00edc pri pr\u00e1ci s pam\u00e4\u0165ou a prevenciu pr\u00edstupu k uvo\u013enenej pam\u00e4ti. V roku 2023 boli v\u00fdsledky CHERIoT spr\u00edstupnen\u00e9 a premenen\u00e9 na spolo\u010dn\u00fd projekt, ku ktor\u00e9mu sa pripojili aj \u010fal\u0161ie spolo\u010dnosti.     <\/p>\n<p>Hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 komponenty CHERIoT s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 ako mikrokontrol\u00e9r zalo\u017een\u00fd na architekt\u00fare RISC-V, ktor\u00fd implementuje zabezpe\u010den\u00fa procesorov\u00fa architekt\u00faru CHERI (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V) s modelom riaden\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k pam\u00e4ti na z\u00e1klade &#171;capability&#187; (ka\u017ed\u00e1 oper\u00e1cia \u010d\u00edtania a z\u00e1pisu do pam\u00e4te je autorizovan\u00e1). Na z\u00e1klade architekt\u00fary sady in\u0161trukci\u00ed (ISA) poskytovanej v CHERIoT je postaven\u00fd softv\u00e9rov\u00fd model, ktor\u00fd zaru\u010duje bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pr\u00e1ce s pam\u00e4\u0165ou na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch objektov, poskytuje ochranu pred pr\u00edstupom k u\u017e uvo\u013enenej pam\u00e4ti a realizuje \u013eahk\u00fd syst\u00e9m izol\u00e1cie pr\u00edstupu k pam\u00e4ti.     <\/p>\n<p>Tento programov\u00fd model ochrany sa priamo odr\u00e1\u017ea v jazykovom modeli C\/C++, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje jeho aplik\u00e1ciu na existuj\u00face aplik\u00e1cie, na ochranu ktor\u00fdch sta\u010d\u00ed len prekompil\u00e1cia a spustenie na hardv\u00e9ri, ktor\u00fd podporuje ISA CHERIoT. Napr\u00edklad, pou\u017eitie CHERIoT umo\u017e\u0148uje bez vykonania zmien v k\u00f3de realizova\u0165 automatick\u00fa kontrolu hran\u00edc, sledovanie \u017eivotnosti oblast\u00ed pam\u00e4ti a zabezpe\u010denie integrity ukazovate\u013eov v komponentoch, ktor\u00e9 spracov\u00e1vaj\u00fa ned\u00f4veryhodn\u00e9 \u00fadaje.      <\/p>\n<p>Medzi probl\u00e9mami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa blokovan\u00e9 pomocou CHERIoT:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Prekro\u010denie objektu v pam\u00e4ti;\n<li class=\"l\"> Nahradenie ukazovate\u013eov (pri pou\u017eit\u00ed CHERIoT musia by\u0165 v\u0161etky ukazovatele vytv\u00e1ran\u00e9 z u\u017e existuj\u00facich ukazovate\u013eov);\n<li class=\"l\"> Pr\u00edstup k pam\u00e4ti po jej uvo\u013enen\u00ed (ak\u00fdko\u013evek pr\u00edstup k pam\u00e4ti cez nespr\u00e1vny ukazovate\u013e alebo ukazovate\u013e, ktor\u00fd odkazuje na uvo\u013enen\u00fd objekt, vedie pri pou\u017eit\u00ed CHERIoT k vyvolaniu v\u00fdnimky).  <\/ul>\n<p>Okrem \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie a form\u00e1lneho modelu projekt vyv\u00edja referen\u010dn\u00fa implement\u00e1ciu 32-bitov\u00e9ho RISC-V CPU Ibex s podporou ISA CHERIoT a modifikovan\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje LLVM. Sch\u00e9my prototypu CPU a popisy hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch blokov vo Verilogu s\u00fa distribuovan\u00e9 pod licenciou Apache 2.0. Ako z\u00e1klad pre CPU sa pou\u017eila jadro Ibex z projektu lowRISC. Na z\u00e1klade jadra CHERIoT Ibex sa pripravuj\u00fa na masov\u00fa v\u00fdrobu \u010dipy ICENI, ktor\u00fdch predaj je napl\u00e1novan\u00fd na bud\u00faci rok. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Microsoft samostatne vyv\u00edja mikrokontrol\u00e9r Kudu s podporou ISA CHERIoT. Ibex a Kudu u\u017e plne podporuj\u00fa \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu CHERIoT 1.0. Pracuje sa na \u0161tandardiz\u00e1cii CHERI-roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed pre procesory RISC-V v organiz\u00e1cii RISC-V International.      <\/p>\n<p>\u010ealej sa vyv\u00edja emul\u00e1tor platformy zalo\u017een\u00fd na FPGA a Docker kontajner pre v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov s predin\u0161talovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi a simul\u00e1torom CPU Ibex realizovan\u00fdm pomocou Verilator. Okrem toho bol na b\u00e1ze CHERIoT pripraven\u00fd prototyp opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu re\u00e1lneho \u010dasu CHERIoT RTOS, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje izol\u00e1ciu kompartimentov (compartment) aj na embedded syst\u00e9moch s 256 MB RAM. K\u00f3d CHERIoT RTOS je nap\u00edsan\u00fd v jazyku C++ a distribuovan\u00fd pod licenciou MIT. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 komponenty OS, ako s\u00fa boot loader, pl\u00e1nova\u010d a syst\u00e9m rozde\u013eovania pam\u00e4te, s\u00fa zrealizovan\u00e9 vo forme kompartimentov.     <\/p>\n<p>Kompartm\u00e1n v CHERIoT RTOS predstavuje izolovan\u00fa kombin\u00e1ciu k\u00f3du a glob\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch, ktor\u00e1 pripom\u00edna zdie\u013ean\u00fa kni\u017enicu, ale na rozdiel od nej m\u00f4\u017ee meni\u0165 svoj stav (mutable) a sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 sa v samostatnom bezpe\u010dnostnom kontexte. \u017diadny k\u00f3d zvonka nem\u00f4\u017ee odovzda\u0165 ovl\u00e1danie k\u00f3du v kompartm\u00e1nu ani z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k objektom, okrem volania \u0161peci\u00e1lne definovan\u00fdch vstupn\u00fdch bodov a pou\u017eitia ukazovate\u013eov na objekty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa explicitne predan\u00e9 pri volan\u00ed in\u00e9ho kompartm\u00e1nu. Pre k\u00f3d a glob\u00e1lne objekty v kompartm\u00e1ne je zaru\u010den\u00e1 integrita a d\u00f4vernos\u0165.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64180\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439-\u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b CHERIoT 1.0 (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V for Internet of Things), \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (ISA) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. CHERIoT \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 CHERIoT ISA, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-147300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439-\u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b CHERIoT 1.0 (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V for Internet of Things), \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (ISA) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/programmno-apparatnaya-platforma-cheriot-1-0-dlya-povysheniya-bezopasnosti-koda-na-yazyke-si\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" 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