{"id":151407,"date":"2025-12-12T23:11:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-12T21:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/najs-os-minimalistichnyj-distributiv-sobrannyj-s-nulya-i-optimizirovannyj-dlya-kontejnerov"},"modified":"2025-12-12T23:11:55","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T21:11:55","slug":"najs-os-minimalistichnyj-distributiv-sobrannyj-s-nulya-i-optimizirovannyj-dlya-kontejnerov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/najs-os-minimalistichnyj-distributiv-sobrannyj-s-nulya-i-optimizirovannyj-dlya-kontejnerov","title":{"rendered":"NAIS.OS \u2013 minimalistick\u00e1 distrib\u00facia zostaven\u00e1 od nuly a optimalizovan\u00e1 pre kontajnery","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Projekt NAIS.OS vyv\u00edja samostatn\u00fa Linux distrib\u00faciu, zostavovan\u00fa \u201eod nuly\u201c z p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho zdroja a podporuj\u00facu vlastn\u00fa bal\u00edkov\u00fa datab\u00e1zu, bez prevzatia skriptov na zostavenie bal\u00edkov z in\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00ed. Projekt vyv\u00edja svoje n\u00e1stroje, vlastn\u00fd s\u00fabor patchov a svoju politiku zostavovania. Na stiahnutie je k dispoz\u00edcii iso obraz (603 MB), zameran\u00fd na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu na virtu\u00e1lne stroje (KVM, Proxmox, VMware, VirtualBox a \u010fal\u0161ie).        <\/p>\n<p>Distrib\u00facia sa \u0161\u00edri zadarmo pre s\u00fakromn\u00e9 a komer\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie bez obmedzen\u00ed na po\u010det zariaden\u00ed. Licen\u010dn\u00e1 zmluva v\u0161ak zakazuje \u201emodifikova\u0165, adaptova\u0165, preklada\u0165, dekompilova\u0165, disasembilova\u0165 alebo in\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom sa pok\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 p\u00f4vodn\u00fd k\u00f3d, s v\u00fdnimkou pr\u00edpadov priamo povolen\u00fdch platn\u00fdmi z\u00e1konmi alebo podmienkami licenci\u00ed otvoren\u00fdch komponentov\u201c. Taktie\u017e je zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 \u201epren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165, pred\u00e1va\u0165, prenaj\u00edma\u0165, poskytova\u0165 na u\u017e\u00edvanie, publikova\u0165 alebo in\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom \u0161\u00edri\u0165 softv\u00e9rov\u00fd produkt bez p\u00edsomn\u00e9ho s\u00fahlasu vlastn\u00edka pr\u00e1v\u201c.    <\/p>\n<p>\tNAJS.OS je pozicionovan\u00fd ako serverov\u00fd syst\u00e9m s dlhodobou podporou (LTS), optimalizovan\u00fd pre  <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vps\/\"   title=\"virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2246\">virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch stroj\u016f<\/a>, cloudov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a edge uzlov. Jadro, kompil\u00e1tory, z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 kni\u017enice, kryptostack \u2014 v\u0161etko je zostaven\u00e9 pod\u013ea jednotn\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek na reprodukovate\u013enos\u0165 a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165. Projekt je zaraden\u00fd do registra rusk\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru (registr\u00e1cia znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00edm mo\u017eno splni\u0165 po\u017eiadavky na \u201edom\u00e1ci softv\u00e9r\u201c v \u0161t\u00e1tnom segmente a u \u010dasti korpor\u00e1tnych z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov).    <\/p>\n<p>Podporuj\u00fa sa dva pr\u00edstupy: atomicky aktualizovan\u00fd (immutable na b\u00e1ze OSTree) a klasick\u00fd RPM (dnf\/dnf5). V atomickej variante je oddiel \/usr pripojen\u00fd v re\u017eime len na \u010d\u00edtanie, aktualiz\u00e1cie sa aplikuj\u00fa celkovo na cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m, pre n\u00e1vraty ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa Btrfs sn\u00edmky, verzie z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za artefakty, ktor\u00fdmi je mo\u017en\u00e9 spravova\u0165 a nasadzova\u0165 po uzloch prostredn\u00edctvom OSTree repozit\u00e1ra. Klasick\u00e1 RPM varianta vyu\u017e\u00edva spr\u00e1vu bal\u00edkov cez dnf a dnf5, podporuje ru\u010dn\u00e9 a automatick\u00e9 aktualiz\u00e1cie a poskytuje konzolov\u00e9ho in\u0161tal\u00e1tora \u201eniceos-installer\u201c.        <\/p>\n<p>Distro pon\u00faka minim\u00e1lnu a predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00fa z\u00e1klad\u0148u pre kontajnery, v ktorej nie je grafick\u00e9 prostredie, sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa sa iba z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 slu\u017eby (systemd, sie\u0165ov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, SSH, firewall na nftables\/firewalld, z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 monitorovacie n\u00e1stroje, a v\u0161etok aplika\u010dn\u00fd softv\u00e9r sa doporu\u010duje in\u0161talova\u0165 v kontajneroch (Docker\/Podman\/Kubernetes) alebo ako samostatn\u00e9 slu\u017eby nad z\u00e1klad\u0148ou.     <\/p>\n<p>Na Docker Hub s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 ofici\u00e1lne obrazy kontajnerov. Tieto obrazy s\u00fa vytv\u00e1ran\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade tej istej minim\u00e1lnej NiceOS Base, funguj\u00fa pod neprivilegovan\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, obsahuj\u00fa integrovan\u00e9 SBOM (CycloneDX\/SPDX) a spr\u00e1vy o zranite\u013enostiach (Trivy, Grype), a s\u00fa vybaven\u00e9 integrovan\u00fdmi spr\u00e1vami pre offline audit priamo v kontajneri.      <\/p>\n<p>Existuje podpora dom\u00e1cej kryptografie (zhroma\u017eden\u00fd a testovan\u00fd stack pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed potrebuj\u00fa po\u017eiadavky a audity pod\u013ea \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> GnuPG s \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 (\u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u0420 34.10-2012 a \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u0420 34.11-2012), vr\u00e1tane podpisu, \u0161ifrovania a overovania;\n<li class=\"l\"> OpenSSL s GOST \u2014 TLS a CLI n\u00e1stroje s GOST kryptografiou;\n<li class=\"l\"> libksba\/nettle \u2014 podpora GOST v CMS a X.509;\n<li class=\"l\"> OpenVPN s GOST \u2014 hotov\u00fd server s GOST \u0161iframi, existuje skript, ktor\u00fd ho nasadzuje. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"293\">VPN<\/a> (PKI, firewall, monitorovanie, integr\u00e1cia s Prometheus) za nieko\u013eko min\u00fat;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00e1stroje na kontrolu integrity na \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422-heshoch (gost12sum, profily v openssl dgst a pod.).  <\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti na zv\u00fd\u0161enie bezpe\u010dnosti:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> SELinux je predvolene zapnut\u00fd;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa \u0161tandardn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 prapory pri zostavovan\u00ed (PIE, RELRO, SSP, FORTIFY_SOURCE a pod.);\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementovan\u00e9 scen\u00e1re kontroly integrity (Secure Boot, IMA, AIDE s \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422-algoritmami);\n<li class=\"l\"> Ka\u017ed\u00fd RPM bal\u00edk je podp\u00edsan\u00fd, existuje model Zero-Trust PKI: predvolene sa never\u00ed tomu, \u010do nepre\u0161lo overen\u00edm;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre bal\u00edky a obrazy sa generuj\u00fa SBOM a spr\u00e1vy o zranite\u013enostiach.   <\/ul>\n<p>Mo\u017enosti pre virtu\u00e1lne a cloudov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e1 podpora d\u00f4vern\u00fdch virtu\u00e1lnych strojov (AMD SEV-SNP, Intel TDX). Existuj\u00fa n\u00e1stroje pre atest\u00e1ciu virtu\u00e1lnych strojov v tak\u00fdchto scen\u00e1roch.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ofici\u00e1lny obraz NAJ\u0421.OC 5.2 je dostupn\u00fd na Yandex Cloud Marketplace ako virtu\u00e1lny stroj, ktor\u00fd u\u017e obsahuje Docker, glibc a Python 3.12; distrib\u00facia je ozna\u010den\u00e1 ako zaraden\u00e1 v registri rusk\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru;\n<li class=\"l\"> V Cloud.ru Marketplace je distrib\u00facia op\u00edsan\u00e1 ako \u201erusk\u00fd minimalistick\u00fd OS pre kontajnery. Obraz pre VM, Docker a Kubernetes\u201c;\n<li class=\"l\"> Samostatn\u00e1 ed\u00edcia NiceOS V je optimalizovan\u00e1 pre hyperv\u00edzory (Proxmox, VMware ESXi, KVM\/QEMU, AWS\/Yandex Cloud\/Google Cloud a pod.), s minim\u00e1lnym s\u00faborom slu\u017eieb a zameran\u00edm na automatizovan\u00e9 in\u0161tal\u00e1cie cez Kickstart\/JSON.   <\/ul>\n<p>Medzi pou\u017eit\u00fdmi verziami s\u00fa:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Linux 6.13.x,\n<li> GCC 14.3, Glibc 2.41,\n<li> OpenSSL 3.5.1 (s roz\u0161\u00edreniami pre GOST),\n<li> systemd 257, coreutils 9.6.  <\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64417\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u041d\u0410\u0419\u0421.\u041e\u0421 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 Linux-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 &#171;\u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f&#187; 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