{"id":153453,"date":"2026-01-08T11:11:55","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T09:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/analiz-ispravleniya-oshibok-v-yadre-linux-v-srednem-oshibki-zamechayut-cherez-2-goda"},"modified":"2026-01-08T11:11:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T09:11:56","slug":"analiz-ispravleniya-oshibok-v-yadre-linux-v-srednem-oshibki-zamechayut-cherez-2-goda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/analiz-ispravleniya-oshibok-v-yadre-linux-v-srednem-oshibki-zamechayut-cherez-2-goda","title":{"rendered":"Anal\u00fdza opravy ch\u00fdb v jadre Linuxu \u2014 priemerne sa chyby zistia po 2 rokoch","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Boli zverejnen\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadie doby odhalenia a odstr\u00e1nenia ch\u00fdb v k\u00f3de jadra Linux. \u00dadaje boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 anal\u00fdzou opravy 125 tis\u00edc ch\u00fdb ozna\u010den\u00fdch v Git-repozit\u00e1ri tagom «Fixes:», odkazuj\u00facim na commit, v ktorom vznikla chyba. Priemern\u00fd \u010das na odhalenie ch\u00fdb v jadre bol 2.1 roka. Ak sa zoh\u013eadnia iba chyby opraven\u00e9 v roku 2025, tento ukazovate\u013e bol 2.8 roka. <\/p>\n

30% ch\u00fdb opravili t\u00ed ist\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri, ktor\u00ed ich aj sp\u00f4sobili. 56.9% ch\u00fdb sa odstra\u0148uje v priebehu roka. 13.5% ch\u00fdb zost\u00e1valo nepov\u0161imnut\u00fdch viac ako 5 rokov (ak sa zoh\u013eadnia iba chyby opraven\u00e9 v roku 2025 \u2014 19.4%). Vzh\u013eadom na nerovnomern\u00e9 rozdelenie, medi\u00e1lny \u010das existencie chyby v k\u00f3de jadra bol 8 mesiacov pre vzorku z roku 2005 a 1 rok pre chyby opraven\u00e9 v roku 2025. Najdlh\u0161ie sa zachov\u00e1vaj\u00facou chybou v k\u00f3de sa stalo prete\u010denie pam\u00e4te v ethtool, odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 po 20.7 rokoch.

\"Anal\u00fdza<\/center> <\/p>\n

Dynamika odhalenia ch\u00fdb sa v\u00fdrazne l\u00ed\u0161i od priemern\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t pre niektor\u00e9 podsyst\u00e9my, ako napr\u00edklad v ovl\u00e1da\u010di zbernice CAN a z\u00e1sobn\u00edku SCTP, kde odha\u013eovanie probl\u00e9mov v priemere trv\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 4 roky, v IPv4-z\u00e1sobn\u00edku \u2014 3.6 roka, USB a TTY \u2014 3.5, Netfilter a sie\u0165ov\u00fd z\u00e1sobn\u00edk \u2014 2.9, VM \u2014 1.8, GPU \u2014 1.4, BPF \u2014 1.1 roka.

\"Anal\u00fdza<\/center> <\/p>\n

\u010cas na odhalenie koreluje s typmi ch\u00fdb: priemern\u00fd \u010das na odhalenie ch\u00fdb s\u00favisiacich so z\u00e1vodn\u00fdmi podmienkami bol 5.1 rokov, celo\u010d\u00edseln\u00fdm prete\u010den\u00edm \u2014 3.9, pr\u00edstupom k pam\u00e4ti po uvo\u013enen\u00ed \u2014 3.2, prete\u010den\u00edm pam\u00e4te a \u00fanikom pam\u00e4te \u2014 3.1, po\u010dtom odkazov \u2014 2.8, dereferencovan\u00edm nulov\u00e9ho ukazovate\u013ea a vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdmi zamknutiami \u2014 2.2 roka. <\/p>\n

Vo z\u00edskanej \u0161tatistike sa tie\u017e prejavuje vplyv zavedenia nov\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov na automatizovan\u00e9 vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie ch\u00fdb, statick\u00fa anal\u00fdzu a testovanie k\u00f3du, ako s\u00fa Syzkaller, KASAN, KMSAN a KCSAN. Napr\u00edklad v roku 2010 neboli zaznamenan\u00e9 opravy ch\u00fdb n\u00e1jden\u00fdch v priebehu roku. K\u00fdm v roku 2014 sa v priebehu roka identifikovalo 31% ch\u00fdb, v roku 2018 \u2014 54%, a v roku 2022 \u2014 69% ch\u00fdb. <\/p>\n

Z\u00edskan\u00e1 \u0161tatistika bola pou\u017eit\u00e1 na vytvorenie modelu strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia VulnBERT, ktor\u00fd predpoved\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 zranite\u013enost\u00ed v commitoch. Pri testovan\u00ed na commitoch za rok 2024 dosiahla presnos\u0165 detekcie ch\u00fdb 92,2 % pri \u00farovni falo\u0161n\u00fdch poplachov 1,2 % (na porovnanie, predt\u00fdm dostupn\u00fd model CodeBERT odhalil 89,2 % probl\u00e9mov pri \u00farovni falo\u0161n\u00fdch poplachov 48,1 %).
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 125 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 Git-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043c «Fixes:», \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e 2.1 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 2025 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b 2.8 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":153454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Anal\u00fdza opr\u00e1v ch\u00fdb v jadre Linux \u2014 priemerne si chyby v\u0161imn\u00fa po 2 rokoch | ProHoster","description":"Boli uverejnen\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdskumu \u010dasu detekcie a odstra\u0148ovania ch\u00fdb v k\u00f3de jadra 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