{"id":153472,"date":"2026-01-09T11:12:29","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T09:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4"},"modified":"2026-01-09T11:12:29","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T09:12:29","slug":"vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/vosstanovlen-kod-unixv4-pervoj-os-s-yadrom-na-yazyke-c-uyazvimost-v-unixv4","title":{"rendered":"Bola obnoven\u00e1 UNIXv4, prv\u00e1 OS s jadrom nap\u00edsan\u00fdm v jazyku C. Zranite\u013enos\u0165 v UNIXv4","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Na konci minul\u00e9ho roka pri \u00faklade v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovom centre Univerzity Utahu bola objaven\u00e1 arch\u00edvna magnetick\u00e1 p\u00e1ska s k\u00f3dom opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu UNIXv4, ktor\u00fd bol vyvinut\u00fd v roku 1973 pre po\u010d\u00edta\u010d PDP-11\/45 a bol pova\u017eovan\u00fd za straten\u00fd. UNIXv4 pokra\u010doval v rozvoji opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu UNIXv3, ktor\u00fd bol vydan\u00fd o rok sk\u00f4r a kde sa po prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t pou\u017eil jazyk C a nepomenovan\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly. Hlavnou \u010drtou UNIXv4 bolo prepisovanie jadra z assemblera na jazyk C. K\u00f3d jadra UNIXv4 nap\u00edsal Ken Thompson a ovl\u00e1da\u010de \u2014 Dennis Ritchie. <\/p>\n

Na konci prosince 2025 byli zam\u011bstnanci muzea historie v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky schopni naj\u00edt pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a extrahovat arch\u00edv ulo\u017een\u00fd na p\u00e1sce. Pro digitalizaci analogov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu ulo\u017een\u00e9ho na p\u00e1sce byl pou\u017eit n\u00e1stroj readtape a pro dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed form\u00e1tu archivu byly vyu\u017eity metodiky vyvinut\u00e9 p\u0159i obnov\u011b archivu s implementac\u00ed editora Emacs od Jamese Goslinga. <\/p>\n

Okrem k\u00f3du UNIXv4 bola na p\u00e1ske n\u00e1jden\u00e1 aj zdrojov\u00e1 verzia jedn\u00e9ho z prv\u00fdch kompil\u00e1torov pre jazyk C a interpretera jazyka SNOBOL. Nesk\u00f4r bol k\u00f3d UNIXv4 upraven\u00fd a publikovan\u00fd na GitHub v podobe, ktor\u00e1 je vhodn\u00e1 na kompil\u00e1ciu a spustenie v simul\u00e1tore PDP-11. K\u00f3d UNIXv4 obsahuje 61 tis\u00edc riadkov, z ktor\u00fdch 27 tis\u00edc je v jazyku C, 33 tis\u00edc v assembleri pre PDP-11 a okolo tis\u00edc \u2014 hlavi\u010dkov\u00e9 s\u00fabory.

\"Bola<\/center> <\/p>\n

Jeden z v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov v oblasti bezpe\u010dnosti si v\u0161imol n\u00e1stroj \u201esu\u201c, ktor\u00fd sa dod\u00e1val s UNIXv4. Tento n\u00e1stroj obsahoval menej ako 50 riadkov k\u00f3du, bol in\u0161talovan\u00fd s pr\u00edznakom setuid-root a umo\u017e\u0148oval spusti\u0165 \/bin\/sh s pr\u00e1vami root po zadan\u00ed spr\u00e1vneho hesla. K\u00f3d obsahoval zranite\u013enos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 viedla k prete\u010deniu z\u00e1sobn\u00edka pokusom o kop\u00edrovanie zadan\u00e9ho hesla do pevne stanoven\u00e9ho 100-znakov\u00e9ho po\u013ea bez kontroly ve\u013ekosti zadan\u00fdch \u00fadajov. <\/p>\n

Zisten\u00fd probl\u00e9m komentoval 93-ro\u010dn\u00fd Douglas McIlroy, ktor\u00fd bol s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou t\u00edmu p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov Unix v Bell Labs, navrhol koncept nepomenovan\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov a vytvoril n\u00e1stroje ako echo, spell, diff, sort, join a tr. Pod\u013ea Douglassov\u00fdch slov pred pr\u00edchodom Morrisa worma v roku 1988 si m\u00e1lokto v\u0161imol prete\u010denia z\u00e1sobn\u00edka. Pridanie kontrol ve\u013ekosti manu\u00e1lne zadan\u00fdch \u00fadajov sa pova\u017eovalo za pridan\u00ed zbyto\u010dn\u00e9ho k\u00f3du a havarovanie pri prete\u010den\u00ed sa vn\u00edmalo ako neohraban\u00e1 forma reakcie na nespr\u00e1vne vstupn\u00e9 \u00fadaje. V priebehu \u010dasu sa prete\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytovali pri spracovan\u00ed automaticky generovan\u00fdch re\u0165azcov, za\u010dali opravova\u0165, ale logika pre ru\u010dn\u00fd vstup bola na \u00farovni 'kto by mohol potrebova\u0165 manu\u00e1lne zad\u00e1va\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161 dlh\u00e9 re\u0165azce'.
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u042e\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b UNIXv4, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 1973 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u042d\u0412\u041c PDP-11\/45 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439. UNIXv4 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b UNIXv3, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0421\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":153473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Obnoven\u00fd k\u00f3d UNIXv4, prv\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu s jadrom nap\u00edsan\u00fdm v jazyku C. 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\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b UNIXv4, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 1973 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u042d\u0412\u041c PDP-11\/45 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