{"id":165104,"date":"2026-03-18T11:12:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T09:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/proekt-postmarketos-predstavil-duranium-atomarno-obnovlyaemuyu-redakcziyu-dlya-smartfonov"},"modified":"2026-03-18T11:12:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T09:12:00","slug":"proekt-postmarketos-predstavil-duranium-atomarno-obnovlyaemuyu-redakcziyu-dlya-smartfonov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/proekt-postmarketos-predstavil-duranium-atomarno-obnovlyaemuyu-redakcziyu-dlya-smartfonov","title":{"rendered":"Projekt postmarketOS predstavil Duranium, atom\u00e1rne aktualizovan\u00fa verziu pre smartf\u00f3ny","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri projektu postmarketOS, ktor\u00fd vyv\u00edja distrib\u00faciu Linux pre mobiln\u00e9 zariadenia, ozn\u00e1mili vytvorenie atomicky aktualizovanej verzie distrib\u00facie. Nov\u00e1 ed\u00edcia sa vyv\u00edja pod n\u00e1zvom Duranium a je pozoruhodn\u00e1 t\u00fdm, \u017ee syst\u00e9m je dod\u00e1van\u00fd ako celok, bez rozde\u013eovania na samostatn\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky. Uv\u00e1dza sa, \u017ee nov\u00e1 verzia zodpoved\u00e1 my\u0161lienke, \u017ee zariadenie by malo jednoducho fungova\u0165, bez toho, aby sa pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e musel zapodieva\u0165 existenciou termin\u00e1lu a rozumie\u0165 \u0161pecifik\u00e1m syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 prostredie v oddiele \/usr je pripojen\u00e9 v re\u017eime iba na \u010d\u00edtanie s pou\u017eit\u00edm s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu EROFS a overuje sa pri ka\u017edom spusten\u00ed na z\u00e1klade digit\u00e1lneho podpisu. Oddiel \/usr m\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 5 GB. Na kontrolu integrity d\u00e1t v oddiele \/usr sa pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dm-verity a v pr\u00edpade zistenia modifik\u00e1cie obsahu je spustenie zablokovan\u00e9. Kontroln\u00fd hash sa vklada do unified image UKI (Unified Kernel Image), ktor\u00fd kombinuje handler na na\u010d\u00edtanie jadra z UEFI (UEFI boot stub), obraz jadra Linuxu a do pam\u00e4te na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 prostredie initrd, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edva na po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fa inicializ\u00e1ciu v \u0161t\u00e1diu pred pripojen\u00edm kore\u0148ov\u00e9ho s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. UKI obraz je realizovan\u00fd ako jeden spustite\u013en\u00fd s\u00fabor v form\u00e1te PE a je vyvol\u00e1van\u00fd bootloaderom UEFI. <\/p>\n

Ostatn\u00e9 prie\u010dinky, okrem \/usr, s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou kore\u0148ov\u00e9ho rozdelenia, ktor\u00e9 je pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 na z\u00e1pis a uchov\u00e1va sa medzi re\u0161tartmi a aktualiz\u00e1ciami. Obsah kore\u0148ov\u00e9ho rozdelenia je povinne \u0161ifrovan\u00fd pomocou LUKS2, \u010do zvy\u0161uje po\u017eiadavky na hardv\u00e9r. \u0160ifrovan\u00fd kore\u0148ov\u00fd s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m sa vytv\u00e1ra po\u010das prv\u00e9ho na\u010d\u00edtania alebo po vykonan\u00ed resetu na tov\u00e1rensk\u00e9 nastavenia. Predvolene sa vytv\u00e1ra pr\u00e1zdny k\u013e\u00fa\u010d, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje automatick\u00e9 odomknutie \u0161ifrovan\u00e9ho rozdelenia. V sprievodcovi po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdm nastaven\u00edm a v konfigur\u00e1tore je pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi pon\u00faknut\u00e9, aby si nastavil heslo na de\u0161ifrovanie. <\/p>\n

Predvo\u013eby s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho obrazu v prie\u010dinku \/usr\/share\/factory\/etc. Pri prvom na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed s\u00fa v prie\u010dinku \/etc vytvoren\u00e9 symbolick\u00e9 odkazy na v\u0161etky s\u00fabory v \/usr\/share\/factory\/etc, s v\u00fdnimkou s\u00faborov passwd, group, shadow, fstab, machine-id a hostname. Ak je potrebn\u00e9 zmeni\u0165 nastavenia po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky, symbolick\u00fd odkaz sa nahr\u00e1dza k\u00f3piou s\u00faboru. <\/p>\n

Aktualiz\u00e1cie sa in\u0161taluj\u00fa n\u00e1hradou cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho obrazu. Na \u00falo\u017eisku sa vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa dva identick\u00e9 kore\u0148ov\u00e9 oddiely \u2014 akt\u00edvny a pas\u00edvny. Nov\u00e9 aktualiz\u00e1cie sa in\u0161taluj\u00fa do pas\u00edvneho oddielu, bez ovplyvnenia \u010dinnosti akt\u00edvneho. Po overen\u00ed spr\u00e1vnosti nain\u0161talovanej aktualiz\u00e1cie a \u00faspe\u0161nom re\u0161tartovan\u00ed sa oddiely zamie\u0148aj\u00fa \u2014 oddiel s aktualiz\u00e1ciou sa st\u00e1va akt\u00edvnym a predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci akt\u00edvny oddiel je prelo\u017een\u00fd do pas\u00edvneho re\u017eimu a \u010dak\u00e1 na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu \u010fal\u0161ej aktualiz\u00e1cie. Ak sa po aktualiz\u00e1cii objavia probl\u00e9my s bootovan\u00edm, vykon\u00e1 sa automatick\u00fd n\u00e1vrat na predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facu verziu syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

Tak\u00fdto pr\u00edstup v\u00fdznamne u\u013eah\u010duje ladenie a diagnostiku probl\u00e9mov, preto\u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri m\u00f4\u017eu presne reprodukova\u0165 stav, v ktorom do\u0161lo k zlyhaniu, bez potreby reprodukova\u0165 zlo\u017eenie syst\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch bal\u00edkov a zoh\u013ead\u0148ova\u0165 existuj\u00face kombin\u00e1cie verzi\u00ed bal\u00edkov. Nev\u00fdhodou s\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie po\u017eiadavky na hardv\u00e9r, \u010do neumo\u017en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvanie Duranium na v\u0161etk\u00fdch zariadeniach podporovan\u00fdch v postmarketOS. <\/p>\n

Obsah syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho obrazu Duranium je vytvoren\u00fd z jednotnej bal\u00edkovej datab\u00e1zy postmarketOS, zalo\u017eenej na Alpine Linux, \u0161tandardnej C kni\u017enici Musl a s\u00fabore util\u00edt BusyBox. Vydania postmarketOS a Duranium s\u00fa takmer identick\u00e9 zlo\u017een\u00edm, ale l\u00ed\u0161ia sa r\u00f4znymi met\u00f3dami dodania syst\u00e9mu. Na vytv\u00e1ranie, in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu a aktualiz\u00e1ciu syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch obrazov s\u00fa zapojen\u00e9 komponenty systemd-sysupdate, systemd-repart a systemd-verity-setup. <\/p>\n

Dodato\u010dn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie sa in\u0161taluj\u00fa vo form\u00e1te Flatpak alebo s pou\u017eit\u00edm bal\u00edkov\u00e9ho mana\u017e\u00e9ra Coldbrew. Coldbrew umo\u017e\u0148uje in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu bal\u00edkov z repozit\u00e1rov Alpine Linux do domovsk\u00e9ho adres\u00e1ra pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Pri spusten\u00ed s\u00fa tak\u00e9to bal\u00edky izolovan\u00e9 pomocou n\u00e1stroja bubblewrap.
\n
Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 postmarketOS, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c Duranium \u0438 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predstavil Duranium, atomicky aktualizovate\u013en\u00fa ed\u00edciu pre smartf\u00f3ny | ProHoster","description":"V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri projektu postmarketOS, ktor\u00fd vyv\u00edja distrib\u00faciu Linux pre mobiln\u00e9 zariadenia, ozn\u00e1mili vytvorenie atomicky aktualizovate\u013enej varianty distrib\u00facie.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/proekt-postmarketos-predstavil-duranium-atomarno-obnovlyaemuyu-redakcziyu-dlya-smartfonov","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS 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